Spring Boot 缓存管理与优化实例教程_Java

spring boot 缓存管理与优化

35.1 学习目标与重点提示

学习目标：掌握spring boot缓存管理与优化的核心概念与使用方法，包括缓存的定义与特点、spring boot与缓存的集成、缓存策略的配置与优化、spring boot的实际应用场景，学会在实际开发中处理缓存管理与优化问题。
重点：缓存的定义与特点、spring boot与缓存的集成、缓存策略的配置与优化、spring boot的实际应用场景。

35.2 缓存管理与优化概述

缓存管理与优化是java开发中的重要组件，用于提高系统的性能和响应速度。

35.2.1 缓存的定义

定义：缓存是一种将数据暂时存储在高速存储介质中的技术，用于提高数据访问速度。
作用：

提高数据访问速度。
减少数据库压力。
提高系统的响应速度。

常见的缓存：

内存缓存。
磁盘缓存。
分布式缓存。

✅ 结论：缓存是一种将数据暂时存储在高速存储介质中的技术，作用是提高数据访问速度、减少数据库压力、提高系统的响应速度。

35.2.2 缓存管理的定义

定义：缓存管理是指对缓存进行管理和优化，确保缓存的有效性和高性能。
作用：

提高缓存的有效性。
提高系统的性能。
确保缓存的可靠性。

常见的缓存管理：

缓存的添加。
缓存的删除。
缓存的更新。
缓存的淘汰。

✅ 结论：缓存管理是指对缓存进行管理和优化，作用是提高缓存的有效性、提高系统的性能、确保缓存的可靠性。

35.3 spring boot与缓存的集成

spring boot与缓存的集成是java开发中的重要内容。

35.3.1 集成spring cache的步骤

定义：集成spring cache的步骤是指使用spring boot与spring cache集成的方法。
步骤：

创建spring boot项目。
添加所需的依赖。
配置缓存。
创建实体类。
创建业务层。
创建控制器类。
测试应用。

示例：
pom.xml文件中的依赖：

<dependencies>
    <!-- web依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
        <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 缓存依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
        <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 数据验证依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
        <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 测试依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
        <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.properties文件中的配置：

# 服务器端口
server.port=8080
# 缓存配置
spring.cache.type=simple

实体类：

import javax.validation.constraints.*;
public class product {
    private long id;
    @notblank(message = "产品id不能为空")
    @size(min = 3, max = 10, message = "产品id长度必须在3到10个字符之间")
    private string productid;
    @notblank(message = "产品名称不能为空")
    @size(min = 2, max = 50, message = "产品名称长度必须在2到50个字符之间")
    private string productname;
    @min(value = 0, message = "价格必须大于等于0")
    @max(value = 10000, message = "价格必须小于等于10000")
    private double price;
    @min(value = 0, message = "库存必须大于等于0")
    private int stock;
    public product() {
    }
    public product(long id, string productid, string productname, double price, int stock) {
        this.id = id;
        this.productid = productid;
        this.productname = productname;
        this.price = price;
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    // getter和setter方法
    public long getid() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setid(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public string getproductid() {
        return productid;
    }
    public void setproductid(string productid) {
        this.productid = productid;
    }
    public string getproductname() {
        return productname;
    }
    public void setproductname(string productname) {
        this.productname = productname;
    }
    public double getprice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setprice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    public int getstock() {
        return stock;
    }
    public void setstock(int stock) {
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    @override
    public string tostring() {
        return "product{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", productid='" + productid + '\'' +
                ", productname='" + productname + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", stock=" + stock +
                '}';
    }
}

repository接口：

import org.springframework.stereotype.repository;
import java.util.arraylist;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.stream.collectors;
@repository
public class productrepository {
    private list<product> products = new arraylist<>();
    public productrepository() {
        products.add(new product(1l, "p001", "手机", 1000.0, 100));
        products.add(new product(2l, "p002", "电脑", 5000.0, 50));
        products.add(new product(3l, "p003", "电视", 3000.0, 80));
        products.add(new product(4l, "p004", "手表", 500.0, 200));
        products.add(new product(5l, "p005", "耳机", 300.0, 150));
    }
    public list<product> getallproducts() {
        return products;
    }
    public product getproductbyid(long id) {
        return products.stream().filter(product -> product.getid().equals(id)).findfirst().orelse(null);
    }
    public void addproduct(product product) {
        product.setid((long) (products.size() + 1));
        products.add(product);
    }
    public void updateproduct(product product) {
        product existingproduct = getproductbyid(product.getid());
        if (existingproduct != null) {
            existingproduct.setproductid(product.getproductid());
            existingproduct.setproductname(product.getproductname());
            existingproduct.setprice(product.getprice());
            existingproduct.setstock(product.getstock());
        }
    }
    public void deleteproduct(long id) {
        products.removeif(product -> product.getid().equals(id));
    }
}

service类：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.cacheevict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.cacheput;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.service;
import java.util.list;
@service
public class productservice {
    @autowired
    private productrepository productrepository;
    @cacheable("products")
    public list<product> getallproducts() {
        system.out.println("从数据库获取所有产品");
        return productrepository.getallproducts();
    }
    @cacheable(value = "product", key = "#id")
    public product getproductbyid(long id) {
        system.out.println("从数据库获取产品：" + id);
        return productrepository.getproductbyid(id);
    }
    @cacheput(value = "product", key = "#product.id")
    public product addproduct(product product) {
        system.out.println("添加产品到数据库");
        productrepository.addproduct(product);
        return product;
    }
    @cacheput(value = "product", key = "#product.id")
    public product updateproduct(product product) {
        system.out.println("更新产品到数据库：" + product.getid());
        productrepository.updateproduct(product);
        return product;
    }
    @cacheevict(value = {"product", "products"}, key = "#id")
    public void deleteproduct(long id) {
        system.out.println("删除产品：" + id);
        productrepository.deleteproduct(id);
    }
}

控制器类：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.validation.bindingresult;
import org.springframework.validation.fielderror;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.validation.valid;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.map;
@restcontroller
@requestmapping("/api/products")
public class productcontroller {
    @autowired
    private productservice productservice;
    @getmapping("/")
    public list<product> getallproducts() {
        return productservice.getallproducts();
    }
    @getmapping("/{id}")
    public product getproductbyid(@pathvariable long id) {
        return productservice.getproductbyid(id);
    }
    @postmapping("/add")
    public map<string, object> addproduct(@valid @requestbody product product, bindingresult bindingresult) {
        map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
        if (bindingresult.haserrors()) {
            map<string, string> errors = new hashmap<>();
            for (fielderror error : bindingresult.getfielderrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getfield(), error.getdefaultmessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        productservice.addproduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品添加成功");
        return result;
    }
    @putmapping("/edit/{id}")
    public map<string, object> editproduct(@pathvariable long id, @valid @requestbody product product, bindingresult bindingresult) {
        map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
        if (bindingresult.haserrors()) {
            map<string, string> errors = new hashmap<>();
            for (fielderror error : bindingresult.getfielderrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getfield(), error.getdefaultmessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        product.setid(id);
        productservice.updateproduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品更新成功");
        return result;
    }
    @deletemapping("/delete/{id}")
    public map<string, object> deleteproduct(@pathvariable long id) {
        map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
        productservice.deleteproduct(id);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品删除成功");
        return result;
    }
}

应用启动类：

import org.springframework.boot.springapplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.springbootapplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.enablecaching;
@springbootapplication
@enablecaching
public class cacheapplication {
    public static void main(string[] args) {
        springapplication.run(cacheapplication.class, args);
    }
}

测试类：

import org.junit.jupiter.api.test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.springboottest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.testresttemplate;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.localserverport;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.map;
import static org.assertj.core.api.assertions.assertthat;
@springboottest(webenvironment = springboottest.webenvironment.random_port)
class cacheapplicationtests {
    @localserverport
    private int port;
    @autowired
    private testresttemplate resttemplate;
    @test
    void contextloads() {
    }
    @test
    void testaddproduct() {
        map<string, object> product = new hashmap<>();
        product.put("productid", "p006");
        product.put("productname", "耳机");
        product.put("price", 300.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        httpheaders headers = new httpheaders();
        headers.setcontenttype(mediatype.application_json);
        httpentity<map<string, object>> request = new httpentity<>(product, headers);
        responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
                httpmethod.post,
                request,
                map.class
        );
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(true);
    }
    @test
    void testgetproductbyid() {
        responseentity<product> response = resttemplate.getforentity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", product.class);
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody()).isnotnull();
        // 第二次请求，应该从缓存获取
        response = resttemplate.getforentity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", product.class);
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody()).isnotnull();
    }
    @test
    void testupdateproduct() {
        map<string, object> product = new hashmap<>();
        product.put("productid", "p001-update");
        product.put("productname", "手机-更新");
        product.put("price", 1500.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        httpheaders headers = new httpheaders();
        headers.setcontenttype(mediatype.application_json);
        httpentity<map<string, object>> request = new httpentity<>(product, headers);
        responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/edit/1",
                httpmethod.put,
                request,
                map.class
        );
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(true);
    }
    @test
    void testdeleteproduct() {
        responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/delete/1",
                httpmethod.delete,
                null,
                map.class
        );
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(true);
    }
}

✅ 结论：集成spring cache的步骤包括创建spring boot项目、添加所需的依赖、配置缓存、创建实体类、创建业务层、创建控制器类、测试应用。

35.4 缓存策略的配置与优化

缓存策略的配置与优化是java开发中的重要内容。

35.4.1 缓存策略的定义

定义：缓存策略是指对缓存进行配置和优化的方法，包括缓存的添加、删除、更新、淘汰等策略。
作用：

提高缓存的有效性。
提高系统的性能。
确保缓存的可靠性。

常见的缓存策略：

缓存的添加策略。
缓存的删除策略。
缓存的更新策略。
缓存的淘汰策略。

✅ 结论：缓存策略是指对缓存进行配置和优化的方法，作用是提高缓存的有效性、提高系统的性能、确保缓存的可靠性。

35.4.2 缓存策略的配置与优化

定义：缓存策略的配置与优化是指对缓存进行配置和优化的方法。
示例：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.cacheevict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.cacheput;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.service;
import java.util.list;
@service
class productservice {
    @autowired
    private productrepository productrepository;
    @cacheable("products")
    public list<product> getallproducts() {
        system.out.println("从数据库获取所有产品");
        return productrepository.getallproducts();
    }
    @cacheable(value = "product", key = "#id")
    public product getproductbyid(long id) {
        system.out.println("从数据库获取产品：" + id);
        return productrepository.getproductbyid(id);
    }
    @cacheput(value = "product", key = "#product.id")
    public product addproduct(product product) {
        system.out.println("添加产品到数据库");
        productrepository.addproduct(product);
        return product;
    }
    @cacheput(value = "product", key = "#product.id")
    public product updateproduct(product product) {
        system.out.println("更新产品到数据库：" + product.getid());
        productrepository.updateproduct(product);
        return product;
    }
    @cacheevict(value = {"product", "products"}, key = "#id")
    public void deleteproduct(long id) {
        system.out.println("删除产品：" + id);
        productrepository.deleteproduct(id);
    }
}
import javax.validation.constraints.*;
class product {
    private long id;
    @notblank(message = "产品id不能为空")
    @size(min = 3, max = 10, message = "产品id长度必须在3到10个字符之间")
    private string productid;
    @notblank(message = "产品名称不能为空")
    @size(min = 2, max = 50, message = "产品名称长度必须在2到50个字符之间")
    private string productname;
    @min(value = 0, message = "价格必须大于等于0")
    @max(value = 10000, message = "价格必须小于等于10000")
    private double price;
    @min(value = 0, message = "库存必须大于等于0")
    private int stock;
    public product() {
    }
    public product(long id, string productid, string productname, double price, int stock) {
        this.id = id;
        this.productid = productid;
        this.productname = productname;
        this.price = price;
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    public long getid() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setid(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public string getproductid() {
        return productid;
    }
    public void setproductid(string productid) {
        this.productid = productid;
    }
    public string getproductname() {
        return productname;
    }
    public void setproductname(string productname) {
        this.productname = productname;
    }
    public double getprice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setprice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    public int getstock() {
        return stock;
    }
    public void setstock(int stock) {
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    @override
    public string tostring() {
        return "product{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", productid='" + productid + '\'' +
                ", productname='" + productname + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", stock=" + stock +
                '}';
    }
}
import org.springframework.stereotype.repository;
import java.util.arraylist;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.stream.collectors;
@repository
class productrepository {
    private list<product> products = new arraylist<>();
    public productrepository() {
        products.add(new product(1l, "p001", "手机", 1000.0, 100));
        products.add(new product(2l, "p002", "电脑", 5000.0, 50));
        products.add(new product(3l, "p003", "电视", 3000.0, 80));
        products.add(new product(4l, "p004", "手表", 500.0, 200));
        products.add(new product(5l, "p005", "耳机", 300.0, 150));
    }
    public list<product> getallproducts() {
        return products;
    }
    public product getproductbyid(long id) {
        return products.stream().filter(product -> product.getid().equals(id)).findfirst().orelse(null);
    }
    public void addproduct(product product) {
        product.setid((long) (products.size() + 1));
        products.add(product);
    }
    public void updateproduct(product product) {
        product existingproduct = getproductbyid(product.getid());
        if (existingproduct != null) {
            existingproduct.setproductid(product.getproductid());
            existingproduct.setproductname(product.getproductname());
            existingproduct.setprice(product.getprice());
            existingproduct.setstock(product.getstock());
        }
    }
    public void deleteproduct(long id) {
        products.removeif(product -> product.getid().equals(id));
    }
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.validation.bindingresult;
import org.springframework.validation.fielderror;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.validation.valid;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.map;
@restcontroller
@requestmapping("/api/products")
class productcontroller {
    @autowired
    private productservice productservice;
    @getmapping("/")
    public list<product> getallproducts() {
        return productservice.getallproducts();
    }
    @getmapping("/{id}")
    public product getproductbyid(@pathvariable long id) {
        return productservice.getproductbyid(id);
    }
    @postmapping("/add")
    public map<string, object> addproduct(@valid @requestbody product product, bindingresult bindingresult) {
        map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
        if (bindingresult.haserrors()) {
            map<string, string> errors = new hashmap<>();
            for (fielderror error : bindingresult.getfielderrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getfield(), error.getdefaultmessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        productservice.addproduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品添加成功");
        return result;
    }
    @putmapping("/edit/{id}")
    public map<string, object> editproduct(@pathvariable long id, @valid @requestbody product product, bindingresult bindingresult) {
        map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
        if (bindingresult.haserrors()) {
            map<string, string> errors = new hashmap<>();
            for (fielderror error : bindingresult.getfielderrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getfield(), error.getdefaultmessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        product.setid(id);
        productservice.updateproduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品更新成功");
        return result;
    }
    @deletemapping("/delete/{id}")
    public map<string, object> deleteproduct(@pathvariable long id) {
        map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
        productservice.deleteproduct(id);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品删除成功");
        return result;
    }
}
@springbootapplication
@enablecaching
public class cacheapplication {
    public static void main(string[] args) {
        springapplication.run(cacheapplication.class, args);
    }
}
// 测试类
@springboottest(webenvironment = springboottest.webenvironment.random_port)
class cacheapplicationtests {
    @localserverport
    private int port;
    @autowired
    private testresttemplate resttemplate;
    @test
    void contextloads() {
    }
    @test
    void testaddproduct() {
        map<string, object> product = new hashmap<>();
        product.put("productid", "p006");
        product.put("productname", "耳机");
        product.put("price", 300.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        httpheaders headers = new httpheaders();
        headers.setcontenttype(mediatype.application_json);
        httpentity<map<string, object>> request = new httpentity<>(product, headers);
        responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
                httpmethod.post,
                request,
                map.class
        );
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(true);
    }
    @test
    void testgetproductbyid() {
        responseentity<product> response = resttemplate.getforentity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", product.class);
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody()).isnotnull();
        response = resttemplate.getforentity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", product.class);
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody()).isnotnull();
    }
    @test
    void testupdateproduct() {
        map<string, object> product = new hashmap<>();
        product.put("productid", "p001-update");
        product.put("productname", "手机-更新");
        product.put("price", 1500.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        httpheaders headers = new httpheaders();
        headers.setcontenttype(mediatype.application_json);
        httpentity<map<string, object>> request = new httpentity<>(product, headers);
        responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/edit/1",
                httpmethod.put,
                request,
                map.class
        );
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(true);
    }
    @test
    void testdeleteproduct() {
        responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/delete/1",
                httpmethod.delete,
                null,
                map.class
        );
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(true);
    }
}

✅ 结论：缓存策略的配置与优化是指对缓存进行配置和优化的方法，需要根据实际问题选择合适的缓存策略。

35.5 spring boot的实际应用场景

在实际开发中，spring boot缓存管理与优化的应用场景非常广泛，如：

实现产品信息的缓存。
实现用户信息的缓存。
实现订单信息的缓存。
实现页面数据的缓存。

示例：

import javax.validation.constraints.*;
class product {
    private long id;
    @notblank(message = "产品id不能为空")
    @size(min = 3, max = 10, message = "产品id长度必须在3到10个字符之间")
    private string productid;
    @notblank(message = "产品名称不能为空")
    @size(min = 2, max = 50, message = "产品名称长度必须在2到50个字符之间")
    private string productname;
    @min(value = 0, message = "价格必须大于等于0")
    @max(value = 10000, message = "价格必须小于等于10000")
    private double price;
    @min(value = 0, message = "库存必须大于等于0")
    private int stock;
    public product() {
    }
    public product(long id, string productid, string productname, double price, int stock) {
        this.id = id;
        this.productid = productid;
        this.productname = productname;
        this.price = price;
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    public long getid() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setid(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public string getproductid() {
        return productid;
    }
    public void setproductid(string productid) {
        this.productid = productid;
    }
    public string getproductname() {
        return productname;
    }
    public void setproductname(string productname) {
        this.productname = productname;
    }
    public double getprice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setprice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    public int getstock() {
        return stock;
    }
    public void setstock(int stock) {
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    @override
    public string tostring() {
        return "product{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", productid='" + productid + '\'' +
                ", productname='" + productname + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", stock=" + stock +
                '}';
    }
}
import org.springframework.stereotype.repository;
import java.util.arraylist;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.stream.collectors;
@repository
class productrepository {
    private list<product> products = new arraylist<>();
    public productrepository() {
        products.add(new product(1l, "p001", "手机", 1000.0, 100));
        products.add(new product(2l, "p002", "电脑", 5000.0, 50));
        products.add(new product(3l, "p003", "电视", 3000.0, 80));
        products.add(new product(4l, "p004", "手表", 500.0, 200));
        products.add(new product(5l, "p005", "耳机", 300.0, 150));
    }
    public list<product> getallproducts() {
        return products;
    }
    public product getproductbyid(long id) {
        return products.stream().filter(product -> product.getid().equals(id)).findfirst().orelse(null);
    }
    public void addproduct(product product) {
        product.setid((long) (products.size() + 1));
        products.add(product);
    }
    public void updateproduct(product product) {
        product existingproduct = getproductbyid(product.getid());
        if (existingproduct != null) {
            existingproduct.setproductid(product.getproductid());
            existingproduct.setproductname(product.getproductname());
            existingproduct.setprice(product.getprice());
            existingproduct.setstock(product.getstock());
        }
    }
    public void deleteproduct(long id) {
        products.removeif(product -> product.getid().equals(id));
    }
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.cacheevict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.cacheput;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.service;
import java.util.list;
@service
class productservice {
    @autowired
    private productrepository productrepository;
    @cacheable("products")
    public list<product> getallproducts() {
        system.out.println("从数据库获取所有产品");
        return productrepository.getallproducts();
    }
    @cacheable(value = "product", key = "#id")
    public product getproductbyid(long id) {
        system.out.println("从数据库获取产品：" + id);
        return productrepository.getproductbyid(id);
    }
    @cacheput(value = "product", key = "#product.id")
    public product addproduct(product product) {
        system.out.println("添加产品到数据库");
        productrepository.addproduct(product);
        return product;
    }
    @cacheput(value = "product", key = "#product.id")
    public product updateproduct(product product) {
        system.out.println("更新产品到数据库：" + product.getid());
        productrepository.updateproduct(product);
        return product;
    }
    @cacheevict(value = {"product", "products"}, key = "#id")
    public void deleteproduct(long id) {
        system.out.println("删除产品：" + id);
        productrepository.deleteproduct(id);
    }
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.validation.bindingresult;
import org.springframework.validation.fielderror;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.validation.valid;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.map;
@restcontroller
@requestmapping("/api/products")
class productcontroller {
    @autowired
    private productservice productservice;
    @getmapping("/")
    public list<product> getallproducts() {
        return productservice.getallproducts();
    }
    @getmapping("/{id}")
    public product getproductbyid(@pathvariable long id) {
        return productservice.getproductbyid(id);
    }
    @postmapping("/add")
    public map<string, object> addproduct(@valid @requestbody product product, bindingresult bindingresult) {
        map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
        if (bindingresult.haserrors()) {
            map<string, string> errors = new hashmap<>();
            for (fielderror error : bindingresult.getfielderrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getfield(), error.getdefaultmessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        productservice.addproduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品添加成功");
        return result;
    }
    @putmapping("/edit/{id}")
    public map<string, object> editproduct(@pathvariable long id, @valid @requestbody product product, bindingresult bindingresult) {
        map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
        if (bindingresult.haserrors()) {
            map<string, string> errors = new hashmap<>();
            for (fielderror error : bindingresult.getfielderrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getfield(), error.getdefaultmessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        product.setid(id);
        productservice.updateproduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品更新成功");
        return result;
    }
    @deletemapping("/delete/{id}")
    public map<string, object> deleteproduct(@pathvariable long id) {
        map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
        productservice.deleteproduct(id);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品删除成功");
        return result;
    }
}
@springbootapplication
@enablecaching
public class cacheapplication {
    public static void main(string[] args) {
        springapplication.run(cacheapplication.class, args);
    }
}
// 测试类
@springboottest(webenvironment = springboottest.webenvironment.random_port)
class cacheapplicationtests {
    @localserverport
    private int port;
    @autowired
    private testresttemplate resttemplate;
    @test
    void contextloads() {
    }
    @test
    void testaddproduct() {
        map<string, object> product = new hashmap<>();
        product.put("productid", "p006");
        product.put("productname", "耳机");
        product.put("price", 300.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        httpheaders headers = new httpheaders();
        headers.setcontenttype(mediatype.application_json);
        httpentity<map<string, object>> request = new httpentity<>(product, headers);
        responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
                httpmethod.post,
                request,
                map.class
        );
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(true);
    }
    @test
    void testgetproductbyid() {
        responseentity<product> response = resttemplate.getforentity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", product.class);
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody()).isnotnull();
        response = resttemplate.getforentity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", product.class);
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody()).isnotnull();
    }
    @test
    void testupdateproduct() {
        map<string, object> product = new hashmap<>();
        product.put("productid", "p001-update");
        product.put("productname", "手机-更新");
        product.put("price", 1500.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        httpheaders headers = new httpheaders();
        headers.setcontenttype(mediatype.application_json);
        httpentity<map<string, object>> request = new httpentity<>(product, headers);
        responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/edit/1",
                httpmethod.put,
                request,
                map.class
        );
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(true);
    }
    @test
    void testdeleteproduct() {
        responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/delete/1",
                httpmethod.delete,
                null,
                map.class
        );
        assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
        assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(true);
    }
}

输出结果：

第一次请求获取所有产品：从数据库获取所有产品。
第二次请求获取所有产品：从缓存获取。
第一次请求获取产品1：从数据库获取。
第二次请求获取产品1：从缓存获取。

✅ 结论：在实际开发中，spring boot缓存管理与优化的应用场景非常广泛，需要根据实际问题选择合适的缓存策略和优化方法。

总结

本章我们学习了spring boot缓存管理与优化，包括缓存的定义与特点、spring boot与缓存的集成、缓存策略的配置与优化、spring boot的实际应用场景，学会了在实际开发中处理缓存管理与优化问题。其中，缓存的定义与特点、spring boot与缓存的集成、缓存策略的配置与优化、spring boot的实际应用场景是本章的重点内容。从下一章开始，我们将学习spring boot的其他组件、微服务等内容。

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