前言
在现代软件开发中,容器化技术已经成为部署应用程序的标准方式之一。docker作为最流行的容器化平台,能够帮助开发者轻松打包、分发和运行应用程序。本文将详细介绍如何将一个简单的python flask服务打包成docker镜像并运行。
准备工作
在开始之前,请确保你的系统已经安装了以下工具:
1.docker(官方安装指南)
2.python 3.x(可选,用于本地测试)
项目结构
我们的项目包含以下文件:
. ├── dockerfile ├── .dockerignore ├── requirements.txt └── wisdom_app.py
具体步骤
1. 创建python flask应用
首先,我们有一个简单的flask应用wisdom_app.py,它会随机显示编程名言和有趣的图片。
import random import os from flask import flask, render_template_string app = flask(__name__) # 有趣的名言列表 quotes = [ {"text": "debugging is like being a detective in a crime movie where you are also the murderer.", "author": "filipe fortes"}, {"text": "if you want your code to be fast, it should be easy to understand.", "author": "brian kernighan"}, {"text": "the best thing about a boolean is even if you are wrong, you are only off by a bit.", "author": "anonymous"}, {"text": "there are two ways to write error-free programs; only the third one works.", "author": "alan j. perlis"}, {"text": "programming is like sex: one mistake and you have to support it for the rest of your life.", "author": "michael sinz"} ] # 有趣的动物图片url列表 animal_images = [ "https://picsum.photos/seed/funnycat/400/300", "https://picsum.photos/seed/lazydog/400/300", "https://picsum.photos/seed/sillyrabbit/400/300", "https://picsum.photos/seed/curiousgoat/400/300", "https://picsum.photos/seed/playfulpanda/400/300" ] @app.route('/') def get_random_wisdom(): quote = random.choice(quotes) image_url = random.choice(animal_images) # 简单的html模板,用于展示名言和图片 html_template = """ <!doctype html> <html> <head> <title>智慧之言</title> <style> body { font-family: arial, sans-serif; max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; text-align: center; } .quote-box { background-color: #f9f9f9; border-left: 10px solid #ccc; margin: 1.5em 10px; padding: 1em 20px; font-size: 1.2em; border-radius: 5px; } .author { color: #666; font-style: italic; margin-top: 10px; } .image-container { margin-top: 30px; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); } img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; } button { background-color: #4caf50; border: none; color: white; padding: 10px 20px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; font-size: 16px; margin: 20px 2px; cursor: pointer; border-radius: 5px; transition: background-color 0.3s; } button:hover { background-color: #45a049; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>今日智慧</h1> <div class="quote-box"> "{{ quote_text }}" <div class="author">- {{ quote_author }}</div> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="{{ image_url }}" alt="有趣的动物"> </div> <button onclick="window.location.reload()">换一条</button> </body> </html> """ return render_template_string( html_template, quote_text=quote["text"], quote_author=quote["author"], image_url=image_url ) if __name__ == '__main__': # 获取端口号,默认为5000 port = int(os.environ.get('port', 5000)) app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=port)
2. 创建requirements.txt
列出项目所需的python依赖:
flask==2.3.2 importlib-metadata>=3.6.0 werkzeug==2.3.7
3. 编写dockerfile(注意文件名没有后缀)
dockerfile是构建镜像的核心文件,我们使用多阶段构建来优化镜像大小:
# 使用完整的 python 3.9 镜像(基于 debian bullseye) from python:3.9 as builder # 确保 sources.list 文件存在并覆盖为阿里云镜像源(bullseye 版本) run test -f /etc/apt/sources.list || touch /etc/apt/sources.list && \ sed -i 's|deb.debian.org|mirrors.aliyun.com/debian|g' /etc/apt/sources.list && \ sed -i 's|security.debian.org|mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security|g' /etc/apt/sources.list && \ echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free" > /etc/apt/sources.list && \ echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \ echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list # 安装系统依赖(先清理缓存再更新) run apt-get clean && \ apt-get update && \ apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends build-essential && \ rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* # 升级 pip 并安装依赖 run pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel && \ pip install importlib-metadata>=3.6.0 # 复制并安装 python 依赖(使用阿里云 pypi 源加速) workdir /app copy requirements.txt . run pip install --no-cache-dir -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ -r requirements.txt # 最终运行镜像 from python:3.9-slim # 同样切换为阿里云镜像源(bullseye 版本) run test -f /etc/apt/sources.list || touch /etc/apt/sources.list && \ sed -i 's|deb.debian.org|mirrors.aliyun.com/debian|g' /etc/apt/sources.list && \ sed -i 's|security.debian.org|mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security|g' /etc/apt/sources.list && \ echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free" > /etc/apt/sources.list && \ echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \ echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list # 安装运行时依赖 run apt-get clean && \ apt-get update && \ apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libgomp1 && \ rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* # 复制构建产物和应用代码 workdir /app copy --from=builder /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ copy wisdom_app.py . # 暴露端口并启动应用 expose 5000 env flask_app=wisdom_app.py cmd ["flask", "run", "--host=0.0.0.0"]
4. 创建.dockerignore文件
忽略不需要的文件,减小镜像体积:
__pycache__ *.pyc *.pyo *.pyd .venv env
5. 构建docker镜像
打开cmd,cd到项目目录,执行以下命令构建镜像:
docker build -t wisdom-app:latest .
参数说明:
-t wisdom-app:latest :为镜像指定名称和标签 . :使用当前目录中的dockerfile
6. 运行docker容器
构建完成后,可以使用以下命令运行容器:
docker run -it -p 5000:5000 wisdom-app:latest
或者使用:
docker run -it -p 5000:5000 wisdom-app:latest python -m flask run --host=0.0.0.0
参数说明:
-it:以交互模式运行容器 -p 5000:5000:将容器的5000端口映射到主机的5000端口 --host=0.0.0.0:允许外部访问flask应用
7. 测试应用
在浏览器中访问http://localhost:5000,你应该能看到随机显示的名言和图片。
8. 其他有用的docker命令
查看运行中的容器:
docker ps
停止容器:
docker stop <容器id>
删除容器:
docker rm <容器id>
删除镜像:
docker rmi wisdom-app:latest
进入运行中的容器:
docker exec -it <容器id> /bin/bash
常见问题解决
端口冲突:如果5000端口已被占用,可以修改映射端口,如-p 5001:5000
构建缓慢:确保使用了国内镜像源(如阿里云),如dockerfile中所示
容器立即退出:检查应用是否有错误日志,使用docker logs <容器id>查看
无法访问应用:确保容器正确运行,并且防火墙允许对应端口的访问
以上就是将python flask服务打包成docker镜像并运行的完整指南的详细内容,更多关于python flask打包成docker镜像的资料请关注代码网其它相关文章!
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