1、图形验证码的作用
图形验证码(captcha,completely automated public turing test to tell computers and humans apart)是一种用于区分用户是人类还是计算机程序的自动化测试。它通常用于防止自动化软件(如机器人或爬虫程序)进行恶意操作,如滥用在线服务、暴力破 解密码或进行垃圾邮件发送等。
图形验证码的工作原理基于一个假设:计算机程序难以自动识别和处理复杂的图像或模式,而人类则相对容易。因此,图形验证码通常包含扭曲的文字、数字、图像或它们的组合,这些元素对人类来说相对容易辨认,但对计算机程序来说则非常困难。
下面将介绍 spring boot 整合 spring security 实现图形验证码功能,执行结果如下如:
(1)登录页面

(2)登录成功后,跳转至首页

2、创建项目
【示例】springboot 整合 springsecurity 使用过滤器实现图形验证码功能。
2.1 创建 spring boot 项目
创建 springboot 项目,项目结构如下图:

2.2 添加 maven 依赖
在 pom.xml 配置文件中添加 spring security、谷歌 kaptcha 图形验证码。
<!-- spring security 依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactid>
<version>2.7.18</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 谷歌 kaptcha 图形验证码 -->
<dependency>
<groupid>com.github.penggle</groupid>
<artifactid>kaptcha</artifactid>
<version>2.3.2</version>
</dependency>3、整合 spring security 框架实现认证与授权
3.1 配置类(config 层)
创建 websecurityconfig 类(spring security 配置类),并添加 @enablewebsecurity 注解和继承 websecurityconfigureradapter 类。
package com.pjb.securitydemo.config;
import com.pjb.securitydemo.filter.verificationcodefilter;
import com.pjb.securitydemo.handler.loginfailurehandler;
import com.pjb.securitydemo.handler.loginsuccesshandler;
import com.pjb.securitydemo.handler.permissiondeniedhandler;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.httpsecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.enablewebsecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.websecurityconfigureradapter;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.user;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.userdetailsservice;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.nooppasswordencoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.passwordencoder;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.inmemoryuserdetailsmanager;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.usernamepasswordauthenticationfilter;
/**
* spring security 配置类
* @author pan_junbiao
**/
@enablewebsecurity
public class websecurityconfig extends websecurityconfigureradapter
{
@autowired
private loginsuccesshandler loginsuccesshandler;
@autowired
private loginfailurehandler loginfailurehandler;
@autowired
private permissiondeniedhandler permissiondeniedhandler;
@override
protected void configure(httpsecurity http) throws exception
{
http.authorizerequests() //返回一个url拦截注册器
.antmatchers("/captcha.jpg").permitall() //公开其权限
.anyrequest() //匹配所有的请求
.authenticated() //所有匹配的url都需要被认证才能访问
.and() //结束当前标签,让上下文回到 httpsecurity
.formlogin() //启动表单认证
.loginpage("/mylogin.html") //自定义登录页面
.loginprocessingurl("/auth/form") //指定处理登录请求路径
.permitall() //使登录页面不设限访问
//.defaultsuccessurl("/index") //登录认证成功后的跳转页面
.successhandler(loginsuccesshandler) //指定登录成功时的处理
.failurehandler(loginfailurehandler) //指定登录失败时的处理
.and()
.exceptionhandling().accessdeniedhandler(permissiondeniedhandler) //403无权时的返回操作
.and().csrf().disable(); //关闭csrf的防御功能
//图形验证码过滤器(核心代码):将自定义过滤器添加在usernamepasswordauthenticationfilter之前
http.addfilterbefore(new verificationcodefilter(), usernamepasswordauthenticationfilter.class);
}
/**
* 内存中添加登录账号
*/
@bean
public userdetailsservice userdetailsservice()
{
inmemoryuserdetailsmanager manager = new inmemoryuserdetailsmanager();
manager.createuser(user.withusername("admin").password("123456").roles("admin").build());
manager.createuser(user.withusername("user").password("123456").roles("user").build());
manager.createuser(user.withusername("panjunbiao").password("123456").roles("user").build());
return manager;
}
/**
* 密码编译器
* 由于5.x版本之后默认启用了委派密码编译器,
* 因而按照以往的方式设置内存密码将会读取异常,
* 所以需要暂时将密码编码器设置为 nooppasswordencoder
*/
@bean
public passwordencoder passwordencoder()
{
return nooppasswordencoder.getinstance();
}
}3.2 处理类(handler 层)
(1)登录成功处理类
package com.pjb.securitydemo.handler;
import org.springframework.security.core.authentication;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.authenticationsuccesshandler;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import javax.servlet.servletexception;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse;
import java.io.ioexception;
/**
* 登录成功处理类
*/
@component
public class loginsuccesshandler implements authenticationsuccesshandler
{
@override
public void onauthenticationsuccess(httpservletrequest httpservletrequest, httpservletresponse httpservletresponse, authentication authentication) throws ioexception, servletexception
{
//重定向至首页
httpservletresponse.sendredirect("/");
}
}(2)登录失败处理类
package com.pjb.securitydemo.handler;
import com.pjb.securitydemo.exception.verificationcodeexception;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.badcredentialsexception;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.credentialsexpiredexception;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.disabledexception;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.lockedexception;
import org.springframework.security.core.authenticationexception;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.usernamenotfoundexception;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.authenticationfailurehandler;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import javax.servlet.servletexception;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse;
import java.io.ioexception;
import java.io.printwriter;
/**
* 登录失败处理类
*/
@component
public class loginfailurehandler implements authenticationfailurehandler
{
@override
public void onauthenticationfailure(httpservletrequest httpservletrequest, httpservletresponse httpservletresponse, authenticationexception authenticationexception) throws ioexception, servletexception
{
//获取登录失败原因
string errormessage = "";
if(authenticationexception instanceof badcredentialsexception){
errormessage = "用户名或密码不正确";
}else if(authenticationexception instanceof disabledexception){
errormessage = "账号被禁用";
}else if(authenticationexception instanceof usernamenotfoundexception){
errormessage = "用户名不存在";
}else if(authenticationexception instanceof credentialsexpiredexception){
errormessage = "密码已过期";
}else if(authenticationexception instanceof lockedexception) {
errormessage = "账号被锁定";
}else if(authenticationexception instanceof verificationcodeexception){
errormessage = "无效的图形验证码";
}else{
errormessage = "未知异常";
}
//设置响应编码
httpservletresponse.setcontenttype("application/json;charset=utf-8");
printwriter out = httpservletresponse.getwriter();
out.write(errormessage);
}
}(3)403无权限处理类
package com.pjb.securitydemo.handler;
import org.springframework.security.access.accessdeniedexception;
import org.springframework.security.web.access.accessdeniedhandler;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import javax.servlet.servletexception;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse;
import java.io.ioexception;
import java.io.printwriter;
/**
* 403无权限处理类
*/
@component
public class permissiondeniedhandler implements accessdeniedhandler
{
@override
public void handle(httpservletrequest httpservletrequest, httpservletresponse httpservletresponse, accessdeniedexception e) throws ioexception, servletexception
{
httpservletresponse.setcontenttype("application/json;charset=utf-8");
printwriter out = httpservletresponse.getwriter();
out.write("403无权限");
}
}4、整合 kaptcha 框架实现图形验证码
4.1 配置类(config 层)
创建 kaptchaconfig 类(kaptcha 图形验证码配置类),设置图形验证码相关属性。
package com.pjb.securitydemo.config;
import com.google.code.kaptcha.producer;
import com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.defaultkaptcha;
import com.google.code.kaptcha.util.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;
import java.util.properties;
/**
* 谷歌kaptcha图形验证码配置类
*/
@configuration
public class kaptchaconfig
{
@bean
public producer captcha()
{
//配置图形验证码的基本参数
properties properties = new properties();
//图片宽度
properties.setproperty("kaptcha.image.width","150");
//图片长度
properties.setproperty("kaptcha.image.height","50");
//字符集(从哪些字符中产生)
properties.setproperty("kaptcha.textproducer.char.string", "0123456789");
//字符长度
properties.setproperty("kaptcha.textproducer.char.length", "4");
//字体颜色
properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.font.color", "red");
// 文字间隔,这里设置为10px
properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.char.space", "10");
// 背景颜色渐变开始
properties.put("kaptcha.background.clear.from", "yellow");
// 背景颜色渐变结束
properties.put("kaptcha.background.clear.to", "green");
//初始化配置
config config = new config(properties);
//使用默认的图形验证码实现,当然也可以自定义实现
defaultkaptcha defaultkaptcha = new defaultkaptcha();
defaultkaptcha.setconfig(config);
return defaultkaptcha;
}
}图形验证码配置属性表
| 属性名 | 属性作用 | 默认值 |
|---|---|---|
| kaptcha.border | 图片边框,合法值:yes , no | yes |
| kaptcha.border.color | 边框颜色,合法值: r,g,b (and optional alpha) 或者 white,black,blue. | black |
| kaptcha.image.width | 图片宽 | 200 |
| kaptcha.image.height | 图片高 | 50 |
| kaptcha.producer.impl | 图片实现类 | com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.defaultkaptcha |
| kaptcha.textproducer.impl | 文本实现类 | com.google.code.kaptcha.text.impl.defaulttextcreator |
| kaptcha.textproducer.char.string | 文本集合,验证码值从此集合中获取 | abcde2345678gfynmnpwx |
| kaptcha.textproducer.char.length | 验证码长度 | 5 |
| kaptcha.textproducer.font.names | 字体 | arial, courier |
| kaptcha.textproducer.font.size | 字体大小 | 40px. |
| kaptcha.textproducer.font.color | 字体颜色,合法值: r,g,b 或者 white,black,blue. | black |
| kaptcha.textproducer.char.space | 文字间隔 | 2 |
| kaptcha.noise.impl | 干扰实现类 | com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.defaultnoise |
| kaptcha.noise.color | 干扰 颜色,合法值: r,g,b 或者 white,black,blue. | black |
| kaptcha.obscurificator.impl | 图片样式:<br />水纹 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.waterripple <br /> 鱼眼 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.fisheyegimpy <br /> 阴影 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.shadowgimpy | com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.waterripple |
| kaptcha.background.impl | 背景实现类 | com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.defaultbackground |
| kaptcha.background.clear.from | 背景颜色渐变,开始颜色 | light grey |
| kaptcha.background.clear.to | 背景颜色渐变, 结束颜色 | white |
| kaptcha.word.impl | 文字渲染器 | com.google.code.kaptcha.text.impl.defaultwordrenderer |
| kaptcha.session.key | session key | kaptcha_session_key |
| kaptcha.session.date | session date |
4.2 控制器层(controller 层)
创建 captchacontroller 类(验证码控制器),实现生成验证码图片方法。
package com.pjb.securitydemo.controller;
import com.google.code.kaptcha.producer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.getmapping;
import javax.imageio.imageio;
import javax.servlet.servletoutputstream;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse;
import java.awt.image.bufferedimage;
import java.io.ioexception;
/**
* 验证码控制器
*/
@controller
public class captchacontroller
{
@autowired
private producer captchaproducer;
@getmapping("/captcha.jpg")
public void getcaptcha(httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response) throws ioexception
{
//设置内容类型
response.setcontenttype("image/jpeg");
//创建验证码文本
string captext = captchaproducer.createtext();
//将验证码文本保存到session中
request.getsession().setattribute("captcha", captext);
//创建验证码图片
bufferedimage bufferedimage = captchaproducer.createimage(captext);
//获取响应输出流
servletoutputstream out = response.getoutputstream();
//将图片验证码数据写入响应输出流
imageio.write(bufferedimage,"jpg",out);
//推送并关闭响应输出流
try
{
out.flush();
}
finally
{
out.close();
}
}
}4.3 自定义异常类(exception 层)
自定义异常类 verificationcodeexception(验证码校验失败的异常类),继承 authenticationexception 类。
package com.pjb.securitydemo.exception;
import org.springframework.security.core.authenticationexception;
/**
* 验证码校验失败的异常类
*/
public class verificationcodeexception extends authenticationexception
{
public verificationcodeexception()
{
super("图形验证码校验失败");
}
}4.4 自定义过滤器(filter 层)
自定义过滤器类 verificationcodefilter (验证码校验过滤器),继承 onceperrequestfilter 类。
有了图形验证码的 api 之后,就可以自定义验证码校验过滤器了。虽然 spring security 的过滤器链对过滤器没有特殊要求,只要继承 filter 接口即可,但是在 spring 体系中,推荐使用 onceperrequestfilter 类来实现,它可以确保一次请求只会通过一次该过滤器(filter 实际上并不能保证这一点)。
package com.pjb.securitydemo.filter;
import com.pjb.securitydemo.exception.verificationcodeexception;
import com.pjb.securitydemo.handler.loginfailurehandler;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.authenticationfailurehandler;
import org.springframework.util.stringutils;
import org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter;
import javax.servlet.filterchain;
import javax.servlet.servletexception;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse;
import javax.servlet.http.httpsession;
import java.io.ioexception;
/**
* 验证码校验过滤器
*/
public class verificationcodefilter extends onceperrequestfilter
{
private authenticationfailurehandler authenticationfailurehandler = new loginfailurehandler();
@override
protected void dofilterinternal(httpservletrequest httpservletrequest, httpservletresponse httpservletresponse, filterchain filterchain) throws servletexception, ioexception
{
//非登录请求不校验验证码
string requesturi = httpservletrequest.getrequesturi();
if(!"/auth/form".equals(requesturi))
{
filterchain.dofilter(httpservletrequest,httpservletresponse);
}
else
{
try
{
//验证码校验
verificationcode(httpservletrequest);
//验证成功
filterchain.dofilter(httpservletrequest,httpservletresponse);
}
catch (verificationcodeexception ex)
{
//验证失败
authenticationfailurehandler.onauthenticationfailure(httpservletrequest, httpservletresponse, ex);
}
}
}
/**
* 验证码校验
*/
public void verificationcode(httpservletrequest httpservletrequest) throws verificationcodeexception
{
string requestcode = httpservletrequest.getparameter("captcha");
httpsession session = httpservletrequest.getsession();
string savedcode = (string)session.getattribute("captcha");
if(!stringutils.isempty(savedcode))
{
//随手清除验证码,无论是失败,还是成功。客户端应在登录失败时刷新验证码
session.removeattribute("captcha");
}
//验证不通过,抛出异常
if(stringutils.isempty(requestcode) || stringutils.isempty(savedcode) || !requestcode.equals(savedcode))
{
throw new verificationcodeexception();
}
}
}至此整合 kaptcha 框架实现图形验证码已完成,最后注意,一定要把自定义过滤器类 verificationcodefilter 添加到 spring security 的过滤器链中。
打开 websecurityconfig 类(spring security 配置类),将自定义过滤器类 verificationcodefilter 添加到过滤器链中,如下:

5、前端页面
5.1 控制器层(controller 层)
创建 indexcontroller 类(首页控制器),实现获取当前登录用户名并跳转至首页。
package com.pjb.securitydemo.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.requestmapping;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import java.security.principal;
/**
* 首页控制器
* @author pan_junbiao
**/
@controller
public class indexcontroller
{
/**
* 首页
*/
@requestmapping("/")
public string index(httpservletrequest request)
{
//获取当前登录人
string username = "未登录";
principal principal = request.getuserprincipal();
if(principal!=null)
{
username = principal.getname();
}
//返回页面
request.setattribute("username",username);
return "/index.html";
}
}5.2 编写登录页面
在 resources\static 静态资源目录下,创建 mylogin.html 页面。
注意:mylogin.html 页面必须放在 resources\static 静态资源目录下,否则页面无法加载。
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>登录</title>
<meta name="author" content="pan_junbiao的博客">
</head>
<body>
<form name="myform" action="/auth/form" method="post">
<table align="center">
<caption>用户登录</caption>
<tr>
<td>登录账户:</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="请输入登录账户" value="panjunbiao" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>登录密码:</td>
<td>
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="请输入登录密码" value="123456" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>验证码:</td>
<td>
<!-- 新增图形验证码的输入框 -->
<input type="text" name="captcha" placeholder="请输入验证码" />
<!-- 图片指向图形验证码api -->
<img src="/captcha.jpg" alt="captch" height="50px" width="150px" style="margin-left:20px;" >
</td>
</tr>
<!-- 以下是提交、取消按钮 -->
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;">
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
<input type="reset" value="重置" />
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>5.3 编写首页
在 resources\templates 资源目录下,创建 index.html 页面。
注意:首页 index.html 页面中使用 thymeleaf 模板 。
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>首页</title>
<meta name="author" content="pan_junbiao的博客">
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="color: red">hello,spring security</h1>
<p>博客信息:您好,欢迎访问 pan_junbiao的博客</p>
<p>博客地址:https://blog.csdn.net/pan_junbiao</p>
<p th:text="'当前登录人:' + ${username}"></p>
<a href="/logout" rel="external nofollow" onclick="return confirm('确认注销吗?');">登出</a>
</body>
</html>6、运行项目
6.1 登录页面

6.2 图形验证码校验失败

6.3 登录成功后,跳转至首页

以上就是springboot整合springsecurity实现图形验证码功能的详细内容,更多关于springboot springsecurity图形验证码的资料请关注代码网其它相关文章!
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