网上那些都是零零碎碎的,不完整,重新整理下,代码可直接使用。微信公众号消息推送大致分为两类,一是文本推送,二是带图片/视频推送。
文本推送很好理解,可以用模板消息以及自定义消息推送。
图文/视频推送就稍微麻烦些步骤分为 上传素材到临时/永久库->上传图文消息->消息推送。
贴几个官方文档,有总比没有好。
上传素材官方文档:https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/asset_management/new_temporary_materials.html
一、文本推送
这里文本推送,可以采取模板和自定义推送内容。以下是模板方式推送,在图片/视频推送中会使用自定义内容推送演示。
首先需要在微信公众号上把测试的环境弄好。
点击开发者工具->公众平台测试账号。进去创建好对应的消息模板以及关注该测试的公众号。里面会有appid/appsecret,用户,模板以及能体验接口的信息,没有认证的微信号,有些接口是没有权限的,而且部分接口在没有认证的情况下每天都会有调用次数限制。
添加依赖,因为项目里面用了自己的http封装类,需替换下
<dependency> <groupid>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupid> <artifactid>okhttp</artifactid> <version>5.0.0-alpha.14</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>com.squareup.okio</groupid> <artifactid>okio</artifactid> <version>3.6.0</version> </dependency>
wxtoken
用于生成请求接口token
/** * 存储微信公众号token的pojo类 * * @author zjw * @description */ public class wxtoken { // 存储token信息 private string accesstoken; // 10:00:00 // 12:00:00 // 存储当前的token有效期到什么时间点 private long expire; public string getaccesstoken() { // 获取token之前,需要先判断生存时间到了没 return expire == null || expire < (system.currenttimemillis() / 1000) ? null : this.accesstoken; } public void setaccesstoken(string accesstoken) { this.accesstoken = accesstoken; } public long getexpire() { return expire; } public void setexpire(long expire) { this.expire = system.currenttimemillis() / 1000 + expire; } }
wxmagpushreq
这里要注意下模板的填充值data的格式,keyword1就是你在模板里面所需要替换的参数名称,后面value就是参数的值,模板里面的参数是和传入的参数需一一对应
@data @schema(description = "微信消息推送部分用户实体") @jsoninclude(jsoninclude.include.non_null) //这个注解是用于实体转json的时候,空值就在转换的时候排除掉 public class wxmagpushreq { @schema(description = "用户openid") private list<string> openidlist; @notblank(message = "模板id不能为空") @schema(description = "模板id") private string templateid; @schema(description = "模板需填充的值,keyword1就是模板里面需替换的参数名 如:{" + " \"keyword1\":{\n" + " \"value\":\"巧克力\"\n" + " },\n" + " \"keyword2\": {\n" + " \"value\":\"39.8元\"\n" + " },\n"+ " }") @notblank(message = "模板需填充的值不能为空") private string data; }
controller
result 是自定义的返回类,换成自己的即可
/** * 微信公众号消息推送--需选用户openid发送 * * @return */ @operation(summary = "微信公众号消息推送--需选用户openid发送") @postmapping("/wxmsgpush") public result wxmsgpush(@requestbody @valid wxmagpushreq wxmagpushreq) { return messageservice.wxmsgpush(wxmagpushreq); }
service
result wxmsgpush(wxmagpushreq wxmagpushreq);
serviceimpl
因为未认证的微信群发接口无法请求,采用循环发送的方式。
@value("${weixin.msg.secret}") private string secret; @value("${weixin.msg.appid}") private string appid; private static wxtoken wxtoken = new wxtoken(); @override public result wxmsgpush(wxmagpushreq wxmagpushreq) { //1、拿到请求路径 string url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=" + gettokenstring(); if (wxmagpushreq == null || wxmagpushreq.getopenidlist().size() == 0 || stringutils.isempty(wxmagpushreq.getdata()) || stringutils.isempty(wxmagpushreq.gettemplateid())) { throw serviceexception.error(errorcode.param_exception, "参数为空"); } //装推送失败的openid list<string> list = new linkedlist<>(); //传入的openid去重 list<string> collect = wxmagpushreq.getopenidlist().stream().distinct().collect(collectors.tolist()); for (string openid : collect) { //2、请求参数 string params = "{\n" + " \"touser\":\"" + openid + "\",\n" + " \"template_id\":\"" + wxmagpushreq.gettemplateid() + "\",\n" + " \"data\":" + wxmagpushreq.getdata() + // " \"data\":{\n" + // " \"tel\":{\n" + // " \"value\":\"18700000000\"\n" + // " }\n" + // " }\n" + " }"; httprequest request = httputil.createpost(url); request.body(params); string str = request.execute().body(); jsonobject json = jsonobject.parseobject(str); integer errcode = json.getinteger("errcode"); if (0 != errcode) { list.add(openid); } } return result.ok(list); } //用于生成认证token private string gettoken() { string url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=" + appid + "&secret=" + secret; //2、基于doget方法,调用地址获取token httprequest request = httputil.createget(url); string resultjson = request.execute().body(); jsonobject jsonobject = jsonobject.parseobject(resultjson); string accesstoken = jsonobject.getstring("access_token"); long expiresin = jsonobject.getlong("expires_in"); //3、存储到wxtoken对象里 wxtoken.setaccesstoken(accesstoken); wxtoken.setexpire(expiresin); //4、返回token return wxtoken.getaccesstoken(); } public string gettokenstring() { // 从对象中获取accesstoken string accesstoken = wxtoken.getaccesstoken(); // 获取的accesstoken为null,可能之前没获取,可能过期了 if (accesstoken == null) { // 加锁 synchronized (wxtoken) { // 再次判断 if (wxtoken.getaccesstoken() == null) { gettoken(); } } } return wxtoken.getaccesstoken(); }
代码中注释掉的tel就是模板中对应的参数名称。
启动项目就可以测试了,请求成功,所关注的公众号会发一条推送的信息过来。
二、图文推送
把图片/视频称为素材,带素材推送步骤。上传素材到临时/永久库->上传图文消息->消息推送。之前看社区说永久的素材库不能使用,下面的示例采用的是临时库。
注:上传素材的时候会返回media_id这个id在上传图文消息的时候需要用到,上传图文消息的时候也会返回media_id,这个id在消息推送的时候也会用到。
wxmagpushallreq
@data @schema(description = "微信消息推送全部用户实体") @jsoninclude(jsoninclude.include.non_null) public class wxmagpushallreq { @schema(description = "1-文本,2图文,当发送图文消息时,mediaid不能为空") private string type; // @notblank(message = "消息内容不能为空") @schema(description = "图文mediaid") private string mediaid; // @notblank(message = "消息内容不能为空") @schema(description = "消息内容") private string content; }
wxtuwen
@data public class wxtuwen { //图片media_id @schema(description = "图片media_id") private string thumb_media_id; @schema(description = "图文消息的作者") //图文消息的作者 private string author; @schema(description = "标题") //标题 private string title; @schema(description = "在图文消息页面点击“阅读原文”后的页面,受安全限制,如需跳转appstore,可以使用itun.es或appsto.re的短链服务,并在短链后增加 #wechat_redirect 后缀") //在图文消息页面点击“阅读原文”后的页面,受安全限制,如需跳转appstore,可以使用itun.es或appsto.re的短链服务,并在短链后增加 #wechat_redirect 后缀。 private string content_source_url; @schema(description = "图文消息页面的内容") //图文消息页面的内容,支持html标签。 private string content; @schema(description = "图文消息的描述") //图文消息的描述,如本字段为空 private string digest; @schema(description = "是否显示封面,1为显示,0为不显示") //是否显示封面,1为显示,0为不显示 private integer show_cover_pic; }
controller
@operation(summary = "微信公众号消息推送--推送全部用户") @postmapping("/wxmsgpushall") public result wxmsgpushall(@requestbody @valid wxmagpushallreq wxmagpushallreq) { return messageservice.wxmsgpushall(wxmagpushallreq); } @operation(summary = "微信公众号消息推送--上传临时素材") @postmapping("/addmaterial") public result addmaterial(@requestparam("media") multipartfile media, @requestparam("type") string type) { return messageservice.addmaterial(media,type); } @operation(summary = "微信公众号消息推送--上传图文消息素材") @postmapping("/uploadnews") public result uploadnews(@requestbody @valid wxtuwen wxtuwen) { return messageservice.uploadnews(wxtuwen); }
serveice
result wxmsgpushall(wxmagpushallreq wxmagpushallreq); result addmaterial(multipartfile media, string type); result uploadnews(wxtuwen wxtuwen);
serviceimpl
@value("${weixin.msg.secret}") private string secret; @value("${weixin.msg.appid}") private string appid; private static wxtoken wxtoken = new wxtoken(); @override public result wxmsgpushall(wxmagpushallreq wxmagpushallreq) { string list = getwxuseropenid(gettokenstring(), "", ""); if (stringutils.isempty(list)) { return result.ok(); } string url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/mass/send?access_token=" + gettokenstring(); //预览接口,可以看推送的效果 // string url = " https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/mass/preview?access_token=" + gettokenstring(); string params = ""; if ("1".equals(wxmagpushallreq.gettype())) { //自定义推送内容 params = "{\n" + " \"touser\":[" + list.substring(0, list.length() - 1) + "],\n" + " \"msgtype\": \"text\",\n" + " \"text\": { \"content\": \"" + wxmagpushallreq.getcontent() + "\"}" + " }"; } else { //带图文推送消息 params = "{\n" + " \"touser\":[" + list.substring(0, list.length() - 1) + "],\n" + " \"mpnews\":{\n" + " \"media_id\":\"" + wxmagpushallreq.getmediaid() + "\"\n" + " },\n" + " \"msgtype\":\"mpnews\",\n" + " \"send_ignore_reprint\":0\n" + "}"; } httprequest request = httputil.createpost(url); request.body(params); string str = request.execute().body(); system.out.println(str); return result.ok(str); } @override public result addmaterial(multipartfile media, string type) { try { string mediaid = uploadfile(transfertofile(media), gettokenstring(), type); return result.ok(mediaid); } catch (exception e) { throw new runtimeexception(e); } } @override public result uploadnews(wxtuwen wxtuwen) { //如需处理多个图文,修改为循环处理 string url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/uploadnews?access_token=" + gettokenstring(); string str = jsonobject.tojsonstring(wxtuwen); str = "{" + "\"articles\":[" + str + "]" + "}"; httprequest request = httputil.createpost(url); request.body(str); string body = request.execute().body(); jsonobject jsonobject = jsonobject.parseobject(body); return result.ok(jsonobject.getstring("media_id")); } //将类型multipartfile转为file类型 public file transfertofile(multipartfile file) { try { file convfile = new file(file.getoriginalfilename()); convfile.createnewfile(); inputstream in = file.getinputstream(); outputstream out = new fileoutputstream(convfile); byte[] bytes = new byte[1024]; int read; while ((read = in.read(bytes)) != -1) { out.write(bytes, 0, read); } return convfile; } catch (exception e) { throw new runtimeexception(); } } //上传到临时库,返回一个id public string uploadfile(file file, string accesstoken, string type) throws exception { //临时素材地址 string url1 = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/upload?access_token=" + accesstoken + "&type=" + type; //永久素材的地址 // string url1 = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/material/add_material?access_token=" + accesstoken + "&type=" + type; if (!file.exists() || !file.isfile()) { throw new ioexception("文件不存在!"); } url urlobj = new url(url1); //连接 httpurlconnection conn = (httpurlconnection) urlobj.openconnection(); conn.setrequestmethod("post"); conn.setdoinput(true); conn.setdooutput(true); conn.setusecaches(false); //请求头 conn.setrequestproperty("connection", "keep-alive"); conn.setrequestproperty("charset", "utf-8"); //conn.setrequestproperty("content-type","multipart/form-data;"); //设置边界 string boundary = "----------" + system.currenttimemillis(); conn.setrequestproperty("content-type", "multipart/form-data;boundary=" + boundary); stringbuilder sb = new stringbuilder(); sb.append("--"); sb.append(boundary); sb.append("\r\n"); sb.append("content-disposition:form-data;name=\"file\";filename=\"" + file.getname() + "\"\r\n"); sb.append("content-type:application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n"); system.out.println(sb); byte[] head = sb.tostring().getbytes("utf-8"); //输出流 outputstream out = new dataoutputstream(conn.getoutputstream()); out.write(head); //文件正文部分 datainputstream in = new datainputstream(new fileinputstream(file)); int bytes = 0; byte[] bufferout = new byte[1024]; while ((bytes = in.read(bufferout)) != -1) { out.write(bufferout, 0, bytes); } in.close(); //结尾 byte[] foot = ("\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n").getbytes("utf-8"); out.write(foot); out.flush(); out.close(); //获取响应 stringbuffer buffer = new stringbuffer(); bufferedreader reader = null; string result = null; reader = new bufferedreader(new inputstreamreader(conn.getinputstream())); string line = null; while ((line = reader.readline()) != null) { buffer.append(line); } if (result == null) { result = buffer.tostring(); } reader.close(); //需要添加json-lib jar包 jsonobject json = jsonobject.parseobject(result); system.out.println(json); string mediaid = json.getstring("thumb_media_id"); return result; } //根据appid和secretaccess_token private string gettoken() { string url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=" + appid + "&secret=" + secret; //2、基于doget方法,调用地址获取token httprequest request = httputil.createget(url); string resultjson = request.execute().body(); jsonobject jsonobject = jsonobject.parseobject(resultjson); string accesstoken = jsonobject.getstring("access_token"); long expiresin = jsonobject.getlong("expires_in"); //3、存储到wxtoken对象里 wxtoken.setaccesstoken(accesstoken); wxtoken.setexpire(expiresin); //4、返回token return wxtoken.getaccesstoken(); } public string gettokenstring() { // 从对象中获取accesstoken string accesstoken = wxtoken.getaccesstoken(); // 获取的accesstoken为null,可能之前没获取,可能过期了 if (accesstoken == null) { // 加锁 synchronized (wxtoken) { // 再次判断 if (wxtoken.getaccesstoken() == null) { gettoken(); } } } return wxtoken.getaccesstoken(); }
总结
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