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java使用freemarker模板生成html再转为pdf

2025年04月07日 • Java •我要评论
1.freemarker模板生成html添加maven依赖在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖：<dependency> <groupid>org.springframew

1.freemarker模板生成html

添加maven依赖

在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
    <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactid>
</dependency>

创建freemarker模板

新建一个html文件，例如table.ftl，然后在其中编写html模板，包括表格的头部、内容和尾部等部分。具体可以参考下面这个例子：

<table border="1">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>id</th>
            <th>name</th>
            <th>age</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    <#list users as user>
        <tr>
            <td>${user.id}</td>
            <td>${user.name}</td>
            <td>${user.age}</td>
        </tr>
    </#list>
    </tbody>
</table>

上面的模板中使用了freemarker的指令语法来实现动态生成表格内容，包括使用<#list>标签来遍历用户列表，并使用${}语法来输出用户信息。

创建controller方法

在controller中编写一个方法来获取用户列表，然后渲染上面的模板并返回html内容。示例代码如下：

@controller
public class usercontroller {
    @getmapping("/users")
    public string userlist(model model) {
        list<user> users = new arraylist<>();
        users.add(new user(1, "tom", 18));
        users.add(new user(2, "jerry", 20));
        users.add(new user(3, "john", 22));
        model.addattribute("users", users);
        return "table";
    }
}

上面的方法使用@getmapping注解来处理请求，然后创建一个用户列表，并将其添加到模型中。最后返回table字符串，代表要使用的html模板文件。

运行项目

运行spring boot应用程序，然后使用浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/users，即可看到动态生成的html表格。

注意：上面的例子仅供参考，实际应用中需要根据自己的需求进行修改扩展。

2.利用itext将生成的html转换为pdf文件

理解了freemarker生成html的步骤以后，就可以利用itext把html生成pdf文件了。

1.编写转换代码

添加maven依赖

在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖：

<dependency>
<groupid>com.itextpdf.tool</groupid>
    <artifactid>xmlworker</artifactid>
    <version>5.5.1</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupid>com.itextpdf</groupid>
    <artifactid>itext-asian</artifactid>
    <version>5.2.0</version>
</dependency>

<!-- 支持css样式渲染 -->
<dependency>
    <groupid>org.xhtmlrenderer</groupid>
    <artifactid>flying-saucer-pdf-itext5</artifactid>
    <version>9.0.9</version>
</dependency>

2.编写转换代码

在springboot应用程序中创建一个service或者controller类，然后编写html转pdf的代码。

freemarker转换为html的方法：

public class htmlgenerator {

​​​​​​​    public static string generate(string template, map<string, object> variables) throws ioexception, templateexception, ioexception {
     
        configuration config = new configuration(configuration.default_incompatible_improvements);
        // 指定freemarker模板文件的位置
        config.setclassfortemplateloading(htmlgenerator.class, "/filepath");
        //读取模板文件地址
        config.setdefaultencoding("utf-8");
        //获取模板文件
        template tp = config.gettemplate(template);
        stringwriter stringwriter = new stringwriter();
        bufferedwriter writer = new bufferedwriter(stringwriter);
        tp.setencoding("utf-8");
        //把map数据写入
        tp.process(variables, writer);
        string htmlstr = stringwriter.tostring();
        writer.flush();
        writer.close();
        return htmlstr;
    }
}

/filepath为项目中的ftl文件相对路径。

html生成pdf的方法：

public class pdfdocumentgenerator {
    private static final logger logger = loggerfactory.getlogger(pdfdocumentgenerator.class);

    /**
     * output a pdf to the specified outputstream
     * 
     * @param htmlstr
     *            the htmlstr
     * @param out
     *            the specified outputstream
     * @throws exception
     */
    public static void generate(string htmlstr, outputstream out)
            throws exception {
        documentbuilderfactory df = documentbuilderfactory.newinstance();
        df.setattribute(xmlconstants.access_external_dtd, ""); // compliant
        df.setattribute(xmlconstants.access_external_schema, ""); // compliant
        documentbuilder builder = df.newdocumentbuilder();
        org.w3c.dom.document doc = builder.parse(new bytearrayinputstream(htmlstr
                .getbytes()));
        itextrenderer renderer = new itextrenderer();
        renderer.setdocument(doc, null);
        renderer.layout();
        renderer.createpdf(out);
        out.close();
    }
    
    public static void generateplus(string htmlstr, outputstream out) throws ioexception, documentexception {
        final string charsetname = "utf-8";
        
        document document = new document(pagesize.a4, 30, 30, 30, 30);
        document.setmargins(30, 30, 30, 30);
        pdfwriter writer = pdfwriter.getinstance(document, out);
        document.open();
        
        // html内容解析
        htmlpipelinecontext htmlcontext = new htmlpipelinecontext(
                new cssappliersimpl(new xmlworkerfontprovider() {
                    @override
                    public font getfont(string fontname, string encoding,
                                        float size, final int style) {
                        if (fontname == null) {
                       
                            fontname = getchinesefont();      
                        }
                        return super.getfont(fontname, encoding, size,
                                style);
                    }
                })) {
            @override
            public htmlpipelinecontext clone()
                    throws clonenotsupportedexception {
                htmlpipelinecontext context = super.clone();
                try {
                    imageprovider imageprovider = this.getimageprovider();
                    context.setimageprovider(imageprovider);
                } catch (noimageproviderexception e) {
                }
                return context;
            }
        };
        
        // 图片解析
        htmlcontext.setimageprovider(new abstractimageprovider() {
            
            string rootpath = pdfdocumentgenerator.class.getresource("/").getpath();
            
            @override
            public string getimagerootpath() {
                return rootpath;
            }

            @override
            public image retrieve(string src) {
                if (stringutils.isempty(src)) {
                    return null;
                }
                try {
                    image image = image.getinstance(new file(rootpath, src).touri().tostring());
                    // 图片显示位置
                    image.setabsoluteposition(400, 400);        
                    if (image != null) {
                        store(src, image);
                        return image;
                    }
                } catch (throwable e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
                return super.retrieve(src);
            }
        });
        htmlcontext.setacceptunknown(true).autobookmark(true).settagfactory(tags.gethtmltagprocessorfactory());
        
        // css解析
        cssresolver cssresolver = xmlworkerhelper.getinstance().getdefaultcssresolver(true);
        cssresolver.setfileretrieve(new fileretrieve() {
            @override
            public void processfromstream(inputstream in,
                                          readingprocessor processor) throws ioexception {
                try (
                        inputstreamreader reader = new inputstreamreader(in, charsetname)) {
                    int i = -1;
                    while (-1 != (i = reader.read())) {
                        processor.process(i);
                    }
                } catch (throwable e) {
                }
            }

            // 解析href
            @override
            public void processfromhref(string href, readingprocessor processor) throws ioexception {
                inputstream is = pdfdocumentgenerator.class.getresourceasstream("/" + href);
                try (inputstreamreader reader = new inputstreamreader(is,charsetname)) {
                    int i = -1;
                    while (-1 != (i = reader.read())) {
                        processor.process(i);
                    }
                } catch (throwable e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
            }
        });

        htmlpipeline htmlpipeline = new htmlpipeline(htmlcontext, new pdfwriterpipeline(document, writer));
        pipeline<?> pipeline = new cssresolverpipeline(cssresolver, htmlpipeline);
        xmlworker worker = null;
        worker = new xmlworker(pipeline, true);
        xmlparser parser = new xmlparser(true, worker, charset.forname(charsetname));
        try (inputstream inputstream = new bytearrayinputstream(htmlstr.getbytes())) {
            parser.parse(inputstream, charset.forname(charsetname));
        }
        document.close();
    }

    /**
     * 获取中文字体位置 
     * @return
     */
    public static string getchinesefont() {
        string chinesefont = null;
        chinesefont = object.class.getresource("/").getpath() + "font/simsun.ttc";
        if(!new file(chinesefont).exists()){
            throw new runtimeexception("字体文件不存在！"+chinesefont);
        }

        return chinesefont;
    }
}

运行测试方法：

public class pdfdest {
    public static void main(string[] args) throws exception {
        string outputfile = "d:/test1.pdf";
        map<string, object> map = new hashmap<>();
        map.put("xxx", "测试");
        //生成工具，下面有代码
        string htmlstr = htmlgenerator.generate("test.ftl", map);
        //生成工具，下面有代码
        outputstream out = new fileoutputstream(outputfile);
        pdfdocumentgenerator.generateplus(htmlstr,out);
    }
}

准备一个test.ftl放到resource/filepath下，当然字体最好也放到resource/font下，运行时需要使用。

test.ftl的代码如下：

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8"></meta>
    <style>

        @page {
            @top-center { content: element(header) }
        }
        @page {
            @bottom-center { content: element(footer) }
        }
        .apply {
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0 30px;
        }
        .title {
            margin-top: 40px ;
            text-align: center;
            font-weight: bold;
        //字体需要和后台对应上
        font-family: simsun;
            font-weight: bold;
            font-size: 20px;
            color: #333333;
            letter-spacing: 0;
        }
        .table {
            border-collapse: collapse;
            width: 100%;
            margin-top: 30px;
            font-family: simsun;
            font-size: 14px;
            color: #111111;
            letter-spacing: 0.54px;
        }
        .label {
            background-color: #e6e6e6;
            width: 20%;
        }
        .normaltd {
            padding: 10px 0;
        }
        .maxtd {
            height: 250px;
        }
        .value {
            width: 30%;
            padding-left: 10px;
        }
        .apply {
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0 30px;
        }
        .title {
            margin-top: 40px ;
            text-align: center;
            font-weight: bold;
        //字体需要和后台对应上
        font-family: simsun;
            font-weight: bold;
            font-size: 20px;
            color: #333333;
            letter-spacing: 0;
        }
        .table {
            width: 100%;
            margin-top: 30px;
            font-family: simsun;
            font-size: 14px;
            color: #111111;
            letter-spacing: 0.54px;
        }
        .label {
            background-color: #e6e6e6;
            width: 20%;
        }
        .normaltd {
            padding: 10px 0;
        }
        .maxtd {
            height: 250px;
        }
        .value {
            width: 30%;
            padding-left: 10px;
        }

        tr {
            page-break-inside: avoid;
            page-break-after: auto;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body style="font-family: simsun">
<div class="apply">
    <p class="title">申请单</p>
    <table border="1" cellspacing="0" class="table">
        <tr>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td class="label" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">xxx</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr >
            <td valign="middle" colspan="1" class="label maxtd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td valign="middle" colspan="3" class="maxtd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="1" class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td colspan="3" class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="1" class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td colspan="3" class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="1" class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td colspan="3" class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td class="label" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">xxx</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr >
            <td valign="middle" colspan="1" class="label maxtd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td valign="middle" colspan="3" class="maxtd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="1" class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td colspan="3" class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="1" class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td colspan="3" class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="1" class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td colspan="3" class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td class="label" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">xxx</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
            <td class="label normaltd" align="center">xxx</td>
            <td class="normaltd value">${xxx}</td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</div>
</body>
</html>

执行就可以看到生成的pdf文件了，文件路径在d:/test1.pdf。

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