我要评论防盗链（hotlink protection）是一种防止其他网站直接链接到你网站的资源（如图片、视频等），从而节省带宽和保护内容的有效手段。在spring boot应用程序中实现防盗链功能，可以通过多种方式来达成，例如使用过滤器（filter）、拦截器（interceptor），或者通过配置nginx等反向代理服务器。
以下是几种实现防盗链的方法：
1. 使用过滤器（filter）
你可以创建一个自定义过滤器，在请求到达实际资源之前检查http头中的`referer`字段。如果`referer`不在允许的域名列表中，则返回403 forbidden响应或重定向到其他页面。
import javax.servlet.filter;
import javax.servlet.filterchain;
import javax.servlet.filterconfig;
import javax.servlet.servletexception;
import javax.servlet.servletrequest;
import javax.servlet.servletresponse;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import java.io.ioexception;
public class hotlinkprotectionfilter implements filter {
private final string[] alloweddomains = {"yourdomain.com"};
@override
public void init(filterconfig filterconfig) throws servletexception {}
@override
public void dofilter(servletrequest request, servletresponse response, filterchain chain)
throws ioexception, servletexception {
httpservletrequest httprequest = (httpservletrequest) request;
string referer = httprequest.getheader("referer");
// allow if there's no referer (like direct access or bookmarks)
if (referer == null || arrays.stream(alloweddomains).anymatch(referer::contains)) {
chain.dofilter(request, response);
} else {
httpservletresponse httpresponse = (httpservletresponse) response;
httpresponse.senderror(httpservletresponse.sc_forbidden, "hotlinking not allowed");
}
}
@override
public void destroy() {}
}然后你需要将这个过滤器注册到spring的上下文中：
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.filterregistrationbean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;
@configuration
public class webconfig {
@bean
public filterregistrationbean<hotlinkprotectionfilter> loggingfilter(){
filterregistrationbean<hotlinkprotectionfilter> registrationbean = new filterregistrationbean<>();
registrationbean.setfilter(new hotlinkprotectionfilter());
registrationbean.addurlpatterns("/resources/*"); // 替换为你的资源路径
return registrationbean;
}
}2. 使用拦截器（interceptor）
如果你更倾向于mvc模式，可以创建一个拦截器来执行相同的逻辑：
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handlerinterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.modelandview;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse;
@component
public class hotlinkprotectioninterceptor implements handlerinterceptor {
private final string[] alloweddomains = {"yourdomain.com"};
@override
public boolean prehandle(httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response, object handler) throws exception {
string referer = request.getheader("referer");
if (referer == null || arrays.stream(alloweddomains).anymatch(referer::contains)) {
return true;
} else {
response.senderror(httpservletresponse.sc_forbidden, "hotlinking not allowed");
return false;
}
}
@override
public void posthandle(httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response, object handler, modelandview modelandview) throws exception {}
@override
public void aftercompletion(httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response, object handler, exception ex) throws exception {}
}接着，需要注册该拦截器：
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.interceptorregistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.webmvcconfigurer;
@configuration
public class webconfig implements webmvcconfigurer {
@autowired
private hotlinkprotectioninterceptor hotlinkprotectioninterceptor;
@override
public void addinterceptors(interceptorregistry registry) {
registry.addinterceptor(hotlinkprotectioninterceptor).addpathpatterns("/resources/**");
}
}3. 配置nginx
如果你的应用程序是通过nginx或其他反向代理服务器访问的，那么可以在nginx配置文件中添加防盗链规则，这种方法通常更为高效：
location /resources/ {
valid_referers none blocked yourdomain.com *.yourdomain.com;
if ($invalid_referer) {
return 403;
}
}这三种方法都可以有效地防止其他网站直接链接到你的资源。选择哪种方法取决于你的具体需求和技术栈。
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