我要评论1. 背景
使用docker运行带有nginx服务的容器。容器启动后，每次都需要手动进入容器内启动nginx服务。修改容器，让nginx服务随容器自动启动。
2. 准备工作
- 使用原nginx-sj: latest镜像文件运行一个容器
nginx-sj: latest 是我之前使用，已修改的官方nginx镜像文件。
[root@centos7-10 ~]# docker run -it nginx-sj:latest /bin/bash root@4eb5280856a3:/#
- 查看用户目录下.bashrc文件
root@4eb5280856a3:~# pwd /root root@4eb5280856a3:~# ls -a . .. .bash_history .bashrc .profile .viminfo
3. 方式一，直接修改.bashrc文件（简单粗暴）
- 直接将服务启动命名写入.bashrc文件，见下
root@4eb5280856a3:~# vim /root/.bashrc
# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# note: ps1 and umask are already set in /etc/profile. you should not
# need this unless you want different defaults for root.
# ps1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\h:\w\$ '
# umask 022
# you may uncomment the following lines if you want 'ls' to be colorized:
# export ls_options='--color=auto'
# eval "$(dircolors)"
# alias ls='ls $ls_options'
# alias ll='ls $ls_options -l'
# alias l='ls $ls_options -la'
#
# some more alias to avoid making mistakes:
# alias rm='rm -i'
# alias cp='cp -i'
# alias mv='mv -i'
############################################
# start nginx
if [ -f /etc/init.d/nginx ]; then
/etc/init.d/nginx start
fi
4. 方式二，编写启动脚本加入.bashrc文件（文明一点）
- 编辑一个start_nginx.sh文件
root@4eb5280856a3:/# vim /root/start_nginx.sh
- 写入以下内容，并保存
#!/bin/bash service nginx start #service mysql start //也可以添加其它服务
- 添加start_nginx.sh脚本执行权限
root@4eb5280856a3:/# chmod +x /root/start_nginx.sh
- 将启动脚本写入.bashrc文件
root@4eb5280856a3:~# vim /root/.bashrc
# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# note: ps1 and umask are already set in /etc/profile. you should not
# need this unless you want different defaults for root.
# ps1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\h:\w\$ '
# umask 022
# you may uncomment the following lines if you want 'ls' to be colorized:
# export ls_options='--color=auto'
# eval "$(dircolors)"
# alias ls='ls $ls_options'
# alias ll='ls $ls_options -l'
# alias l='ls $ls_options -la'
#
# some more alias to avoid making mistakes:
# alias rm='rm -i'
# alias cp='cp -i'
# alias mv='mv -i'
############################################
# start nginx
if [ -f /root/start_nginx.sh ]; then
/root/start_nginx.sh
fi
5. 导出容器制作镜像
- 将当前容器（4eb5280856a3）导出成文件nginx-sj_20240222.tar
root@4eb5280856a3:~# exit exit [root@centos7-10 ~]# docker ps -a container id image command created status ports names 4eb5280856a3 nginx-sj:latest "/bin/bash" 32 minutes ago up 30 minutes vibrant_mcnulty [root@centos7-10 ~]# docker export -o nginx-sj_20240222.tar 4eb5280856a3 [root@centos7-10 ~]#
- 删除当前容器（4eb5280856a3）
[root@centos7-10 ~]# docker ps -a container id image command created status ports names 4eb5280856a3 nginx-sj:latest "/bin/bash" 34 minutes ago up 32 minutes vibrant_mcnulty [root@centos7-10 ~]# docker stop 4eb5280856a3 4eb5280856a3 [root@centos7-10 ~]# docker container prune warning! this will remove all stopped containers. are you sure you want to continue? [y/n] y deleted containers: 4eb5280856a32b83046e8e3be0393028a1a3f328887a11c0ccff15384660f86e total reclaimed space: 7.293kb [root@centos7-10 ~]#
- 删除旧nginx-sj:latest镜像
[root@centos7-10 ~]# docker images repository tag image id created size nginx-sj latest 3e97da40406a about an hour ago 216mb ubuntu22 latest caac235feb32 about an hour ago 338mb busybox latest beae173ccac6 2 years ago 1.24mb redis latest 7614ae9453d1 2 years ago 113mb [root@centos7-10 ~]# docker rmi nginx-sj:latest untagged: nginx-sj:latest deleted: sha256:3e97da40406a0daaa4d8c0d948b4c3a8a3d099b3aadb0d9fe8a2be4389bd52e6 [root@centos7-10 ~]#
- 导入创建新nginx-sj: latest镜像，新镜像id：283bb24f8ff4
[root@centos7-10 ~]# docker import nginx-sj_20240222.tar nginx-sj:latest sha256:283bb24f8ff40c67a5ff9d33386847182567f688d7b1b4b109c17054e661b947 [root@centos7-10 ~]# docker images -a nginx-sj:latest repository tag image id created size nginx-sj latest 283bb24f8ff4 about a minute ago 216mb [root@centos7-10 ~]#
6. 测试导出容器，nginx服务随容器自动启动
- 启动容器，宿主机发布端口：9090，容器内服务端口：80
[root@centos7-10 ~]# docker run -itd --rm -p 9090:80 nginx-sj:latest /bin/bash 562e64af48bbb26f95f3bf3fd01a3550898ca05292f8d95b9bf604c2000d2953 container id image command created status ports names 562e64af48bb nginx-sj:latest "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:9090->80/tcp, :::9090->80/tcp nervous_golick [root@centos7-10 ~]#
- 宿主机已监听端口9090
- 宿主机ip 10.211.55.10
[root@centos7-10 ~]# netstat -ntlp | grep 9090
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9090 0.0.0.0:* listen 17044/docker-proxy
tcp6 0 0 :::9090 :::* listen 17050/docker-proxy
[root@centos7-10 ~]# ip a show enp0s5
2: enp0s5: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state up group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:1c:42:ae:b6:41 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.211.55.10/24 brd 10.211.55.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic enp0s5
valid_lft 1140sec preferred_lft 1140sec
inet6 fdb2:2c26:f4e4:0:233e:38df:2cbd:cec1/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic
valid_lft 2591662sec preferred_lft 604462sec
inet6 fe80::7e0c:1902:e1ca:4324/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::567a:248b:5e94:5d19/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 访问宿主机http://10.211.55.10:9090，成功！
7. 方式三，修改镜像默认值，commit生成新镜像（正规方式）
修改镜像默认值，方式详见官方文档：overriding image defaults
- 修改镜像cmd默认值（之前是null）
- nginx -g “daemon off;”
[root@centos7-10 ~]# docker run -itd -p 9090:80 nginx-sj:latest nginx -g "daemon off;" c90c3a7d8e56ea15017fdfa2dfe9b88d398dcfe16f76b9723f0eb884208d6999
- 提交生成新镜像：nginx-sj:1
[root@centos7-10 ~]# docker commit -m "nginx start" c9 nginx-sj:1 sha256:94fa4087e73dd3c5440f7538d57dcd2f80938e0f9e8f87d48a866f7542f3d685 [root@centos7-10 ~]# docker images repository tag image id created size nginx-sj 1 94fa4087e73d 12 seconds ago 216mb nginx-sj 2 355dbfe22182 30 minutes ago 216mb nginx-sj latest 283bb24f8ff4 25 hours ago 216mb
- 查看新镜像nginx-sj:1信息
- “cmd”: [ “nginx”, “-g”, “daemon off;” ],
[root@centos7-10 ~]# docker image inspect nginx-sj:1
[
{
"id": "sha256:94fa4087e73dd3c5440f7538d57dcd2f80938e0f9e8f87d48a866f7542f3d685",
"repotags": [
"nginx-sj:1"
],
"repodigests": [],
"parent": "sha256:283bb24f8ff40c67a5ff9d33386847182567f688d7b1b4b109c17054e661b947",
"comment": "nginx start",
"created": "2024-02-23t09:55:38.972444927z",
"container": "c90c3a7d8e56ea15017fdfa2dfe9b88d398dcfe16f76b9723f0eb884208d6999",
"containerconfig": {
"hostname": "c90c3a7d8e56",
......
"config": {
"hostname": "c90c3a7d8e56",
"domainname": "",
"user": "",
"attachstdin": false,
"attachstdout": false,
"attachstderr": false,
"exposedports": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"tty": true,
"openstdin": true,
"stdinonce": false,
"env": null,
"cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"image": "nginx-sj:latest",
"volumes": null,
"workingdir": "",
"entrypoint": null,
"onbuild": null,
"labels": {}
},
......
}
}
]
- 运行容器进行验证
[root@centos7-10 ~]# docker run -itd -p 9000:80 nginx-sj:1 eae91339bf57739cec9fbbd63890afd8949977eae0a561226109b1f02fd66051 [root@centos7-10 ~]# docker ps -a container id image command created status ports names eae91339bf57 nginx-sj:1 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 5 seconds ago up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:9000->80/tcp, :::9000->80/tcp modest_cartwright
- 宿主机已经监听9000端口–>容器内nginx服务80端口
[root@centos7-10 ~]# netstat -ntlp | grep 9000 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9000 0.0.0.0:* listen 14995/docker-proxy tcp6 0 0 :::9000 :::* listen 15001/docker-proxy
- 外部访问http://10.211.55.10:9000，成功。
8. 方式四，与方案三类似
- 修改镜像默认值，也可以组合修改entrypoint 和 cmd。修改方式如下:
[root@centos7-10 ~]# docker run -itd --entrypoint /usr/sbin/nginx nginx-sj:latest -g "daemon off;"
entrypoint 与 cmd 关系及使用方式详见官方文档：understand how cmd and entrypoint interact
- 生存新镜像方式同方案三
说明：因为docker run 命令中–entrypoint 只支持string，所以建议将服务启动命令写成shell脚本（同方案二），然后使用–entrypoint 引入更合理
9. 方式五，使用dockerfile重新builtd新镜像（永久使用方式）
- 创建一个dockerfile文件
[root@centos7-10 ~]# mkdir nginx-sj [root@centos7-10 ~]# cd nginx-sj [root@centos7-10 ~]# vim dockerfile-nginx
- 输入以下内容并保存
- from nginx-sj:latest # 基础镜像
- maintainer # 维护信息
- cmd [“nginx”,“-g”,“daemon off;”] # 容器启动执行的默认命令
from nginx-sj:latest maintainer shijin cmd ["nginx","-g","daemon off;"] ~ ~ wq!
- 使用dockerfile文件创建新镜像
- -f dockerfile-nginx dockerfile文件名称（注意路径，测试在当前目录下）
- -t nginx-sj:2024022601 镜像的名称与tag
- . 指定镜像构建过程中的上下文环境
[root@centos7-10 ~]# docker build -f dockerfile-nginx -t nginx-sj:2024022601 .
- 查看构建镜像结果
[root@centos7-10 nginx-sj]# docker images repository tag image id created size nginx-sj 2024022601 64b3c38d4483 36 minutes ago 216mb
[root@centos7-10 nginx-sj]# docker history nginx-sj:2024022601 image created created by size comment 64b3c38d4483 53 minutes ago cmd ["nginx" "-g" "daemon off;"] 0b buildkit.dockerfile.v0 <missing> 53 minutes ago maintainer shijin 0b buildkit.dockerfile.v0 <missing> 53 minutes ago 216mb imported from -
总结：
- 如果临时使用，可以采用方式一、二，从容器中导出；
- 如果不频繁变更，可以采用方式三、四，直接commit生成新镜像；
- 如果要长期或永久使用，建议采用方式五，彻底重新build新镜像。
到此这篇关于docker容器内服务随容器自动启动的几种方案的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关docker容器服务随容器自动启动内容请搜索代码网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持代码网！
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