CentOS Linux 7系统中离线安装MySQL5.7步骤

预计数据文件存储目录为：/opt/mysql/data

1、文件下载：

安装文件下载链接：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

2、检查当前系统是否安装过mysql

[root@cnic51 mysql]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@cnic51 mysql]# sudo rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs
警告：/etc/my.cnf 已另存为 /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave
[root@cnic51 mysql]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
[root@cnic51 mysql]#

3、将mysql安装包拷贝到linux服务器的/opt/temp/目录下

[root@hadoop54 temp]# ll
总用量 570706
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  570705920 6月  20 13:45 mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar [root@hadoop54 temp]#

4、解压mysql安装包

[root@cnic51 temp]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@cnic51 temp]#

5、在安装目录下执行rpm安装，按顺序安装

[root@cnic51 temp]# sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头v4 rsa/sha256 signature, 密钥 id 3a79bd29: nokey
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@cnic51 temp]# sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头v4 rsa/sha256 signature, 密钥 id 3a79bd29: nokey
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@cnic51 temp]# sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头v4 rsa/sha256 signature, 密钥 id 3a79bd29: nokey
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.4################################# [100%]
[root@cnic51 temp]# sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头v4 rsa/sha256 signature, 密钥 id 3a79bd29: nokey
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@cnic51 temp]# sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头v4 rsa/sha256 signature, 密钥 id 3a79bd29: nokey
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@cnic51 temp]#

6、修改/etc/my.cnf文件中datadir指向的目录下的所有内容，如果有内容的情况下：
查看datadir的值，将其修改为如下：

旧的内容为：

新的内容为：

删除/var/lib/mysql目录下的所有内容（如果指定的目录不是默认的可以不用管）：
[root@hadoop54 mysql]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@hadoop54 mysql]# ls
[root@hadoop54 mysql]# sudo rm -rf *
[root@hadoop54 mysql]#

7、初始化数据库

[root@hadoop51 mysql]# sudo chown -r mysql:mysql /opt /mysql
[root@hadoop51 mysql]# sudo mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
[root@hadoop51 mysql]#

8、查看临时生成的root帐号密码
2024-06-20t06:17:53.912194z 0 [error] can't find error-message file '/opt/mysql/share/mysql/errmsg.sys'. check error-message file location and 'lc-messages-dir' configuration directive.
2024-06-20t06:17:54.145587z 0 [warning] innodb: new log files created, lsn=45790
2024-06-20t06:17:54.220326z 0 [warning] innodb: creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2024-06-20t06:17:54.287423z 0 [warning] no existing uuid has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. generating a new uuid: d45d6ffd-2ecc-11ef-a74a-fa081328b000.
2024-06-20t06:17:54.295842z 0 [warning] gtid table is not ready to be used. table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2024-06-20t06:17:55.180876z 0 [warning]
2024-06-20t06:17:55.180891z 0 [warning]
2024-06-20t06:17:55.184006z 0 [warning] ca certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2024-06-20t06:17:55.315891z 1 [note] a temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 8<a.-mrijeif

9、启动mysql数据库
[root@hadoop51 mysql]#  sudo systemctl start mysqld

10、登录mysql数据库

[root@cnic51 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
enter password:
welcome to the mysql monitor.  commands end with ; or \g.
your mysql connection id is 2
server version: 5.7.44

copyright (c) 2000, 2023, oracle and/or its affiliates.

oracle is a registered trademark of oracle corporation and/or its
affiliates. other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password("123456");
query ok, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'dev'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
query ok, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'dev'@'localhost' identified by '123456' with grant option;
query ok, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

必须先修改root用户的密码，否则执行其他的操作会报错
mysql> set password = password("123456");
query ok, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

11、根据需要是否修改mysql库下的user表中的root用户允许任意ip连接
mysql> update mysql.user set host='%' where user='root';
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
rows matched: 1  changed: 1  warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

新建账号及授权语句：
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'dev'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
query ok, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'dev'@'localhost' identified by '123456' with grant option;
query ok, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)