Maven 自动化部署_Java

一句话总结：
mvn deploy = 自动打包 + 上传 + 发布到远程仓库，配合 nexus / github packages / docker registry 实现一键部署！

一、部署目标

目标	命令	结果
发布 jar/war	mvn deploy	上传到 nexus
发布 snapshot	mvn deploy -u	动态更新
发布正式版	mvn release:perform	打 tag + 发布
docker 镜像	mvn deploy	推送到 registry
k8s 部署	helm upgrade	滚动更新

二、核心配置：distributionmanagement

pom.xml中配置

<distributionmanagement>
    <!-- snapshot 仓库 -->
    <snapshotrepository>
        <id>nexus-snapshots</id>
        <url>http://nexus.company.com/repository/maven-snapshots/</url>
    </snapshotrepository>
    <!-- 正式版仓库 -->
    <repository>
        <id>nexus-releases</id>
        <url>http://nexus.company.com/repository/maven-releases/</url>
    </repository>
</distributionmanagement>

maven 自动判断：1.0.0-snapshot → snapshotrepository
1.0.0 → repository

三、认证配置：settings.xml

~/.m2/settings.xml

<settings>
  <servers>
    <!-- 与 pom.xml 中的 <id> 一致 -->
    <server>
      <id>nexus-snapshots</id>
      <username>admin</username>
      <password>admin123</password>
    </server>
    <server>
      <id>nexus-releases</id>
      <username>admin</username>
      <password>admin123</password>
    </server>
  </servers>
</settings>

安全建议：ci 环境使用加密密码或 token

四、发布命令大全

命令	作用
mvn deploy	发布到远程仓库
mvn deploy -u	强制更新 snapshot
mvn deploy -dskiptests	跳过测试发布
mvn deploy -prelease	激活正式版 profile

五、部署到不同仓库

1.nexus 私有仓库（企业推荐）

<distributionmanagement>
  <repository>
    <id>nexus-releases</id>
    <url>http://nexus:8081/repository/maven-releases/</url>
  </repository>
  <snapshotrepository>
    <id>nexus-snapshots</id>
    <url>http://nexus:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/</url>
  </snapshotrepository>
</distributionmanagement>

2.github packages

<distributionmanagement>
  <repository>
    <id>github</id>
    <url>https://maven.pkg.github.com/owner/repo</url>
  </repository>
</distributionmanagement>

settings.xml：

<server>
  <id>github</id>
  <username>your_github_username</username>
  <password>your_github_token</password>
</server>

3.docker registry（jar + 镜像）

<plugin>
  <groupid>com.spotify</groupid>
  <artifactid>dockerfile-maven-plugin</artifactid>
  <version>1.5.2</version>
  <executions>
    <execution>
      <id>push-image</id>
      <phase>deploy</phase>
      <goals><goal>push</goal></goals>
    </execution>
  </executions>
  <configuration>
    <repository>registry.company.com/${project.artifactid}</repository>
    <tag>${project.version}</tag>
  </configuration>
</plugin>

六、spring boot 项目一键部署

<build>
  <plugins>
    <plugin>
      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid>
      <version>3.3.5</version>
      <executions>
        <execution>
          <goals><goal>repackage</goal></goals>
        </execution>
      </executions>
    </plugin>
  </plugins>
</build>

mvn clean deploy -dskiptests

输出：

target/my-app-1.0.0.jar → 上传到 nexus
docker 镜像 → 推送到 registry

七、自动化部署流程（ci/cd）

github actions 示例

name: deploy

on:
  push:
    tags:
      - 'v*'

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: set up jdk 17
        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
        with:
          java-version: '17'
          distribution: 'temurin'

      - name: deploy to nexus
        env:
          nexus_user: ${{ secrets.nexus_user }}
          nexus_pass: ${{ secrets.nexus_pass }}
        run: |
          mvn -b deploy -dskiptests \
            -s $github_workspace/settings.xml

      - name: build & push docker
        run: |
          docker build -t registry.company.com/my-app:${{ github.ref_name }} .
          echo ${{ secrets.registry_pass }} | docker login -u ${{ secrets.registry_user }} --password-stdin registry.company.com
          docker push registry.company.com/my-app:${{ github.ref_name }}

八、k8s 自动部署（helm）

helm/values.yaml

image:
  repository: registry.company.com/my-app
  tag: "1.0.0"

部署命令

helm upgrade --install my-app ./helm-chart

九、maven release 插件（自动化版本发布）

<plugin>
  <groupid>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupid>
  <artifactid>maven-release-plugin</artifactid>
  <version>3.1.1</version>
  <configuration>
    <tagnameformat>v@{project.version}</tagnameformat>
    <autoversionsubmodules>true</autoversionsubmodules>
  </configuration>
</plugin>

# 1. 准备发布
mvn release:prepare

# 2. 执行发布
mvn release:perform

自动完成：

版本升级
打 git tag
mvn deploy
版本回退到 snapshot

十、完整pom.xml部署配置

<distributionmanagement>
  <repository>
    <id>nexus-releases</id>
    <url>http://nexus:8081/repository/maven-releases/</url>
  </repository>
  <snapshotrepository>
    <id>nexus-snapshots</id>
    <url>http://nexus:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/</url>
  </snapshotrepository>
</distributionmanagement>
<build>
  <plugins>
    <plugin>
      <groupid>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupid>
      <artifactid>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactid>
      <version>3.1.1</version>
    </plugin>
  </plugins>
</build>

十一、常见问题解决

问题	解决方案
401 unauthorized	检查 settings.xml <id> 匹配
snapshot 不更新	mvn deploy -u
docker 推送失败	docker login 测试
release 失败	mvn release:clean 清理