我要评论spring boot 数据验证与异常处理
34.1 学习目标与重点提示
学习目标：掌握spring boot数据验证与异常处理的核心概念与使用方法，包括数据验证的定义与特点、异常处理的定义与特点、spring boot与数据验证的集成、spring boot与异常处理的集成、spring boot的实际应用场景，学会在实际开发中处理数据验证与异常处理问题。
重点：数据验证的定义与特点、异常处理的定义与特点、spring boot与数据验证的集成、spring boot与异常处理的集成、spring boot的实际应用场景。
34.2 数据验证与异常处理概述
数据验证与异常处理是java开发中的重要组件，用于确保数据的正确性和处理系统的异常。
34.2.1 数据验证的定义
定义：数据验证是指对输入数据进行验证，确保数据的正确性和完整性。
作用：
- 确保输入数据的正确性。
- 防止恶意数据的输入。
- 提高系统的可靠性。
常见的数据验证：
- 非空验证。
- 长度验证。
- 格式验证。
- 范围验证。
✅ 结论：数据验证是指对输入数据进行验证，作用是确保输入数据的正确性、防止恶意数据的输入、提高系统的可靠性。
34.2.2 异常处理的定义
定义：异常处理是指对系统运行过程中出现的异常进行处理，确保系统的正常运行。
作用：
- 提高系统的可靠性。
- 提高用户体验。
- 便于系统的维护。
常见的异常处理：
- 异常捕获。
- 异常转换。
- 异常抛出。
- 异常记录。
✅ 结论：异常处理是指对系统运行过程中出现的异常进行处理，作用是提高系统的可靠性、提高用户体验、便于系统的维护。
34.3 spring boot与数据验证的集成
spring boot与数据验证的集成是java开发中的重要内容。
34.3.1 集成spring validation的步骤
定义：集成spring validation的步骤是指使用spring boot与spring validation集成的方法。
步骤：
- 创建spring boot项目。
- 添加所需的依赖。
- 配置数据验证。
- 创建实体类。
- 创建业务层。
- 创建控制器类。
- 测试应用。
示例：
pom.xml文件中的依赖：
<dependencies>
<!-- web依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据验证依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactid>
</dependency>
<!-- 测试依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>application.properties文件中的配置：
# 服务器端口 server.port=8080
实体类：
import javax.validation.constraints.*;
public class product {
private long id;
@notblank(message = "产品id不能为空")
@size(min = 3, max = 10, message = "产品id长度必须在3到10个字符之间")
private string productid;
@notblank(message = "产品名称不能为空")
@size(min = 2, max = 50, message = "产品名称长度必须在2到50个字符之间")
private string productname;
@min(value = 0, message = "价格必须大于等于0")
@max(value = 10000, message = "价格必须小于等于10000")
private double price;
@min(value = 0, message = "库存必须大于等于0")
private int stock;
public product() {
}
public product(long id, string productid, string productname, double price, int stock) {
this.id = id;
this.productid = productid;
this.productname = productname;
this.price = price;
this.stock = stock;
}
// getter和setter方法
public long getid() {
return id;
}
public void setid(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public string getproductid() {
return productid;
}
public void setproductid(string productid) {
this.productid = productid;
}
public string getproductname() {
return productname;
}
public void setproductname(string productname) {
this.productname = productname;
}
public double getprice() {
return price;
}
public void setprice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public int getstock() {
return stock;
}
public void setstock(int stock) {
this.stock = stock;
}
@override
public string tostring() {
return "product{" +
"id=" + id +
", productid='" + productid + '\'' +
", productname='" + productname + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", stock=" + stock +
'}';
}
}repository接口：
import org.springframework.stereotype.repository;
import java.util.arraylist;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.stream.collectors;
@repository
public class productrepository {
private list<product> products = new arraylist<>();
public productrepository() {
products.add(new product(1l, "p001", "手机", 1000.0, 100));
products.add(new product(2l, "p002", "电脑", 5000.0, 50));
products.add(new product(3l, "p003", "电视", 3000.0, 80));
products.add(new product(4l, "p004", "手表", 500.0, 200));
products.add(new product(5l, "p005", "耳机", 300.0, 150));
}
public list<product> getallproducts() {
return products;
}
public product getproductbyid(long id) {
return products.stream().filter(product -> product.getid().equals(id)).findfirst().orelse(null);
}
public void addproduct(product product) {
product.setid((long) (products.size() + 1));
products.add(product);
}
public void updateproduct(product product) {
product existingproduct = getproductbyid(product.getid());
if (existingproduct != null) {
existingproduct.setproductid(product.getproductid());
existingproduct.setproductname(product.getproductname());
existingproduct.setprice(product.getprice());
existingproduct.setstock(product.getstock());
}
}
public void deleteproduct(long id) {
products.removeif(product -> product.getid().equals(id));
}
}service类：
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.service;
import java.util.list;
@service
public class productservice {
@autowired
private productrepository productrepository;
public list<product> getallproducts() {
return productrepository.getallproducts();
}
public product getproductbyid(long id) {
return productrepository.getproductbyid(id);
}
public void addproduct(product product) {
productrepository.addproduct(product);
}
public void updateproduct(product product) {
productrepository.updateproduct(product);
}
public void deleteproduct(long id) {
productrepository.deleteproduct(id);
}
}控制器类：
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.validation.bindingresult;
import org.springframework.validation.fielderror;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.validation.valid;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.map;
@restcontroller
@requestmapping("/api/products")
public class productcontroller {
@autowired
private productservice productservice;
@getmapping("/")
public list<product> getallproducts() {
return productservice.getallproducts();
}
@getmapping("/{id}")
public product getproductbyid(@pathvariable long id) {
return productservice.getproductbyid(id);
}
@postmapping("/add")
public map<string, object> addproduct(@valid @requestbody product product, bindingresult bindingresult) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
if (bindingresult.haserrors()) {
map<string, string> errors = new hashmap<>();
for (fielderror error : bindingresult.getfielderrors()) {
errors.put(error.getfield(), error.getdefaultmessage());
}
result.put("success", false);
result.put("errors", errors);
return result;
}
productservice.addproduct(product);
result.put("success", true);
result.put("message", "产品添加成功");
return result;
}
@putmapping("/edit/{id}")
public map<string, object> editproduct(@pathvariable long id, @valid @requestbody product product, bindingresult bindingresult) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
if (bindingresult.haserrors()) {
map<string, string> errors = new hashmap<>();
for (fielderror error : bindingresult.getfielderrors()) {
errors.put(error.getfield(), error.getdefaultmessage());
}
result.put("success", false);
result.put("errors", errors);
return result;
}
product.setid(id);
productservice.updateproduct(product);
result.put("success", true);
result.put("message", "产品更新成功");
return result;
}
@deletemapping("/delete/{id}")
public map<string, object> deleteproduct(@pathvariable long id) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
productservice.deleteproduct(id);
result.put("success", true);
result.put("message", "产品删除成功");
return result;
}
}应用启动类：
import org.springframework.boot.springapplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.springbootapplication;
@springbootapplication
public class validationapplication {
public static void main(string[] args) {
springapplication.run(validationapplication.class, args);
}
}测试类：
import org.junit.jupiter.api.test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.springboottest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.testresttemplate;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.localserverport;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.map;
import static org.assertj.core.api.assertions.assertthat;
@springboottest(webenvironment = springboottest.webenvironment.random_port)
class validationapplicationtests {
@localserverport
private int port;
@autowired
private testresttemplate resttemplate;
@test
void contextloads() {
}
@test
void testaddproduct() {
map<string, object> product = new hashmap<>();
product.put("productid", "p006");
product.put("productname", "耳机");
product.put("price", 300.0);
product.put("stock", 150);
httpheaders headers = new httpheaders();
headers.setcontenttype(mediatype.application_json);
httpentity<map<string, object>> request = new httpentity<>(product, headers);
responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
"http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
httpmethod.post,
request,
map.class
);
assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(true);
}
@test
void testaddproductwithinvaliddata() {
map<string, object> product = new hashmap<>();
product.put("productid", "p");
product.put("productname", "");
product.put("price", -100.0);
product.put("stock", -10);
httpheaders headers = new httpheaders();
headers.setcontenttype(mediatype.application_json);
httpentity<map<string, object>> request = new httpentity<>(product, headers);
responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
"http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
httpmethod.post,
request,
map.class
);
assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(false);
assertthat(response.getbody().get("errors")).isnotnull();
}
}✅ 结论：集成spring validation的步骤包括创建spring boot项目、添加所需的依赖、配置数据验证、创建实体类、创建业务层、创建控制器类、测试应用。
34.4 spring boot与异常处理的集成
spring boot与异常处理的集成是java开发中的重要内容。
34.4.1 集成spring boot异常处理的步骤
定义：集成spring boot异常处理的步骤是指使用spring boot与异常处理集成的方法。
步骤：
- 创建spring boot项目。
- 添加所需的依赖。
- 配置异常处理。
- 创建异常类。
- 创建异常处理器类。
- 测试应用。
示例：
pom.xml文件中的依赖：
<dependencies>
<!-- web依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据验证依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactid>
</dependency>
<!-- 测试依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>application.properties文件中的配置：
# 服务器端口 server.port=8080
实体类：
import javax.validation.constraints.*;
public class product {
private long id;
@notblank(message = "产品id不能为空")
@size(min = 3, max = 10, message = "产品id长度必须在3到10个字符之间")
private string productid;
@notblank(message = "产品名称不能为空")
@size(min = 2, max = 50, message = "产品名称长度必须在2到50个字符之间")
private string productname;
@min(value = 0, message = "价格必须大于等于0")
@max(value = 10000, message = "价格必须小于等于10000")
private double price;
@min(value = 0, message = "库存必须大于等于0")
private int stock;
public product() {
}
public product(long id, string productid, string productname, double price, int stock) {
this.id = id;
this.productid = productid;
this.productname = productname;
this.price = price;
this.stock = stock;
}
// getter和setter方法
public long getid() {
return id;
}
public void setid(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public string getproductid() {
return productid;
}
public void setproductid(string productid) {
this.productid = productid;
}
public string getproductname() {
return productname;
}
public void setproductname(string productname) {
this.productname = productname;
}
public double getprice() {
return price;
}
public void setprice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public int getstock() {
return stock;
}
public void setstock(int stock) {
this.stock = stock;
}
@override
public string tostring() {
return "product{" +
"id=" + id +
", productid='" + productid + '\'' +
", productname='" + productname + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", stock=" + stock +
'}';
}
}repository接口：
import org.springframework.stereotype.repository;
import java.util.arraylist;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.stream.collectors;
@repository
public class productrepository {
private list<product> products = new arraylist<>();
public productrepository() {
products.add(new product(1l, "p001", "手机", 1000.0, 100));
products.add(new product(2l, "p002", "电脑", 5000.0, 50));
products.add(new product(3l, "p003", "电视", 3000.0, 80));
products.add(new product(4l, "p004", "手表", 500.0, 200));
products.add(new product(5l, "p005", "耳机", 300.0, 150));
}
public list<product> getallproducts() {
return products;
}
public product getproductbyid(long id) {
return products.stream().filter(product -> product.getid().equals(id)).findfirst().orelse(null);
}
public void addproduct(product product) {
product.setid((long) (products.size() + 1));
products.add(product);
}
public void updateproduct(product product) {
product existingproduct = getproductbyid(product.getid());
if (existingproduct != null) {
existingproduct.setproductid(product.getproductid());
existingproduct.setproductname(product.getproductname());
existingproduct.setprice(product.getprice());
existingproduct.setstock(product.getstock());
}
}
public void deleteproduct(long id) {
products.removeif(product -> product.getid().equals(id));
}
}service类：
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.service;
import java.util.list;
@service
public class productservice {
@autowired
private productrepository productrepository;
public list<product> getallproducts() {
return productrepository.getallproducts();
}
public product getproductbyid(long id) {
return productrepository.getproductbyid(id);
}
public void addproduct(product product) {
productrepository.addproduct(product);
}
public void updateproduct(product product) {
productrepository.updateproduct(product);
}
public void deleteproduct(long id) {
productrepository.deleteproduct(id);
}
}异常类：
public class productnotfoundexception extends runtimeexception {
public productnotfoundexception(string message) {
super(message);
}
public productnotfoundexception(string message, throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
}
}
public class productexistsexception extends runtimeexception {
public productexistsexception(string message) {
super(message);
}
public productexistsexception(string message, throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
}
}异常处理器类：
import org.springframework.http.httpstatus;
import org.springframework.http.responseentity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.methodargumentnotvalidexception;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.controlleradvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.exceptionhandler;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.map;
@controlleradvice
public class productexceptionhandler {
@exceptionhandler(methodargumentnotvalidexception.class)
public responseentity<map<string, object>> handlevalidationexceptions(methodargumentnotvalidexception ex) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
map<string, string> errors = new hashmap<>();
ex.getbindingresult().getfielderrors().foreach(error -> {
errors.put(error.getfield(), error.getdefaultmessage());
});
result.put("success", false);
result.put("errors", errors);
return responseentity.status(httpstatus.bad_request).body(result);
}
@exceptionhandler(productnotfoundexception.class)
public responseentity<map<string, object>> handleproductnotfoundexception(productnotfoundexception ex) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
result.put("success", false);
result.put("message", ex.getmessage());
return responseentity.status(httpstatus.not_found).body(result);
}
@exceptionhandler(productexistsexception.class)
public responseentity<map<string, object>> handleproductexistsexception(productexistsexception ex) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
result.put("success", false);
result.put("message", ex.getmessage());
return responseentity.status(httpstatus.conflict).body(result);
}
@exceptionhandler(exception.class)
public responseentity<map<string, object>> handleallexceptions(exception ex) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
result.put("success", false);
result.put("message", "系统错误：" + ex.getmessage());
return responseentity.status(httpstatus.internal_server_error).body(result);
}
}控制器类：
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.validation.bindingresult;
import org.springframework.validation.fielderror;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.validation.valid;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.map;
@restcontroller
@requestmapping("/api/products")
public class productcontroller {
@autowired
private productservice productservice;
@getmapping("/")
public list<product> getallproducts() {
return productservice.getallproducts();
}
@getmapping("/{id}")
public product getproductbyid(@pathvariable long id) {
product product = productservice.getproductbyid(id);
if (product == null) {
throw new productnotfoundexception("产品不存在：" + id);
}
return product;
}
@postmapping("/add")
public map<string, object> addproduct(@valid @requestbody product product, bindingresult bindingresult) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
if (bindingresult.haserrors()) {
map<string, string> errors = new hashmap<>();
for (fielderror error : bindingresult.getfielderrors()) {
errors.put(error.getfield(), error.getdefaultmessage());
}
result.put("success", false);
result.put("errors", errors);
return result;
}
productservice.addproduct(product);
result.put("success", true);
result.put("message", "产品添加成功");
return result;
}
@putmapping("/edit/{id}")
public map<string, object> editproduct(@pathvariable long id, @valid @requestbody product product, bindingresult bindingresult) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
if (bindingresult.haserrors()) {
map<string, string> errors = new hashmap<>();
for (fielderror error : bindingresult.getfielderrors()) {
errors.put(error.getfield(), error.getdefaultmessage());
}
result.put("success", false);
result.put("errors", errors);
return result;
}
product.setid(id);
productservice.updateproduct(product);
result.put("success", true);
result.put("message", "产品更新成功");
return result;
}
@deletemapping("/delete/{id}")
public map<string, object> deleteproduct(@pathvariable long id) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
productservice.deleteproduct(id);
result.put("success", true);
result.put("message", "产品删除成功");
return result;
}
}应用启动类：
import org.springframework.boot.springapplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.springbootapplication;
@springbootapplication
public class validationandexceptionapplication {
public static void main(string[] args) {
springapplication.run(validationandexceptionapplication.class, args);
}
}测试类：
import org.junit.jupiter.api.test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.springboottest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.testresttemplate;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.localserverport;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.map;
import static org.assertj.core.api.assertions.assertthat;
@springboottest(webenvironment = springboottest.webenvironment.random_port)
class validationandexceptionapplicationtests {
@localserverport
private int port;
@autowired
private testresttemplate resttemplate;
@test
void contextloads() {
}
@test
void testaddproduct() {
map<string, object> product = new hashmap<>();
product.put("productid", "p006");
product.put("productname", "耳机");
product.put("price", 300.0);
product.put("stock", 150);
httpheaders headers = new httpheaders();
headers.setcontenttype(mediatype.application_json);
httpentity<map<string, object>> request = new httpentity<>(product, headers);
responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
"http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
httpmethod.post,
request,
map.class
);
assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(true);
}
@test
void testaddproductwithinvaliddata() {
map<string, object> product = new hashmap<>();
product.put("productid", "p");
product.put("productname", "");
product.put("price", -100.0);
product.put("stock", -10);
httpheaders headers = new httpheaders();
headers.setcontenttype(mediatype.application_json);
httpentity<map<string, object>> request = new httpentity<>(product, headers);
responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
"http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
httpmethod.post,
request,
map.class
);
assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.bad_request);
assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(false);
assertthat(response.getbody().get("errors")).isnotnull();
}
@test
void testgetproductbyid() {
responseentity<product> response = resttemplate.getforentity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", product.class);
assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
assertthat(response.getbody()).isnotnull();
}
@test
void testgetproductbyidnotfound() {
responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.getforentity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/10", map.class);
assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.not_found);
assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(false);
assertthat(response.getbody().get("message")).isnotnull();
}
}✅ 结论：集成spring boot异常处理的步骤包括创建spring boot项目、添加所需的依赖、配置异常处理、创建异常类、创建异常处理器类、测试应用。
34.5 spring boot的实际应用场景
在实际开发中，spring boot数据验证与异常处理的应用场景非常广泛，如：
- 实现用户注册的数据验证。
- 实现用户登录的数据验证。
- 实现产品信息的数据验证。
- 实现订单信息的数据验证。
示例：
import javax.validation.constraints.*;
class product {
private long id;
@notblank(message = "产品id不能为空")
@size(min = 3, max = 10, message = "产品id长度必须在3到10个字符之间")
private string productid;
@notblank(message = "产品名称不能为空")
@size(min = 2, max = 50, message = "产品名称长度必须在2到50个字符之间")
private string productname;
@min(value = 0, message = "价格必须大于等于0")
@max(value = 10000, message = "价格必须小于等于10000")
private double price;
@min(value = 0, message = "库存必须大于等于0")
private int stock;
public product() {
}
public product(long id, string productid, string productname, double price, int stock) {
this.id = id;
this.productid = productid;
this.productname = productname;
this.price = price;
this.stock = stock;
}
public long getid() {
return id;
}
public void setid(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public string getproductid() {
return productid;
}
public void setproductid(string productid) {
this.productid = productid;
}
public string getproductname() {
return productname;
}
public void setproductname(string productname) {
this.productname = productname;
}
public double getprice() {
return price;
}
public void setprice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public int getstock() {
return stock;
}
public void setstock(int stock) {
this.stock = stock;
}
@override
public string tostring() {
return "product{" +
"id=" + id +
", productid='" + productid + '\'' +
", productname='" + productname + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", stock=" + stock +
'}';
}
}
import org.springframework.stereotype.repository;
import java.util.arraylist;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.stream.collectors;
@repository
class productrepository {
private list<product> products = new arraylist<>();
public productrepository() {
products.add(new product(1l, "p001", "手机", 1000.0, 100));
products.add(new product(2l, "p002", "电脑", 5000.0, 50));
products.add(new product(3l, "p003", "电视", 3000.0, 80));
products.add(new product(4l, "p004", "手表", 500.0, 200));
products.add(new product(5l, "p005", "耳机", 300.0, 150));
}
public list<product> getallproducts() {
return products;
}
public product getproductbyid(long id) {
return products.stream().filter(product -> product.getid().equals(id)).findfirst().orelse(null);
}
public void addproduct(product product) {
product.setid((long) (products.size() + 1));
products.add(product);
}
public void updateproduct(product product) {
product existingproduct = getproductbyid(product.getid());
if (existingproduct != null) {
existingproduct.setproductid(product.getproductid());
existingproduct.setproductname(product.getproductname());
existingproduct.setprice(product.getprice());
existingproduct.setstock(product.getstock());
}
}
public void deleteproduct(long id) {
products.removeif(product -> product.getid().equals(id));
}
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.service;
import java.util.list;
@service
class productservice {
@autowired
private productrepository productrepository;
public list<product> getallproducts() {
return productrepository.getallproducts();
}
public product getproductbyid(long id) {
return productrepository.getproductbyid(id);
}
public void addproduct(product product) {
productrepository.addproduct(product);
}
public void updateproduct(product product) {
productrepository.updateproduct(product);
}
public void deleteproduct(long id) {
productrepository.deleteproduct(id);
}
}
class productnotfoundexception extends runtimeexception {
public productnotfoundexception(string message) {
super(message);
}
public productnotfoundexception(string message, throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
}
}
class productexistsexception extends runtimeexception {
public productexistsexception(string message) {
super(message);
}
public productexistsexception(string message, throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
}
}
import org.springframework.http.httpstatus;
import org.springframework.http.responseentity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.methodargumentnotvalidexception;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.controlleradvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.exceptionhandler;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.map;
@controlleradvice
class productexceptionhandler {
@exceptionhandler(methodargumentnotvalidexception.class)
public responseentity<map<string, object>> handlevalidationexceptions(methodargumentnotvalidexception ex) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
map<string, string> errors = new hashmap<>();
ex.getbindingresult().getfielderrors().foreach(error -> {
errors.put(error.getfield(), error.getdefaultmessage());
});
result.put("success", false);
result.put("errors", errors);
return responseentity.status(httpstatus.bad_request).body(result);
}
@exceptionhandler(productnotfoundexception.class)
public responseentity<map<string, object>> handleproductnotfoundexception(productnotfoundexception ex) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
result.put("success", false);
result.put("message", ex.getmessage());
return responseentity.status(httpstatus.not_found).body(result);
}
@exceptionhandler(productexistsexception.class)
public responseentity<map<string, object>> handleproductexistsexception(productexistsexception ex) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
result.put("success", false);
result.put("message", ex.getmessage());
return responseentity.status(httpstatus.conflict).body(result);
}
@exceptionhandler(exception.class)
public responseentity<map<string, object>> handleallexceptions(exception ex) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
result.put("success", false);
result.put("message", "系统错误：" + ex.getmessage());
return responseentity.status(httpstatus.internal_server_error).body(result);
}
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.validation.bindingresult;
import org.springframework.validation.fielderror;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.validation.valid;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.map;
@restcontroller
@requestmapping("/api/products")
class productcontroller {
@autowired
private productservice productservice;
@getmapping("/")
public list<product> getallproducts() {
return productservice.getallproducts();
}
@getmapping("/{id}")
public product getproductbyid(@pathvariable long id) {
product product = productservice.getproductbyid(id);
if (product == null) {
throw new productnotfoundexception("产品不存在：" + id);
}
return product;
}
@postmapping("/add")
public map<string, object> addproduct(@valid @requestbody product product, bindingresult bindingresult) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
if (bindingresult.haserrors()) {
map<string, string> errors = new hashmap<>();
for (fielderror error : bindingresult.getfielderrors()) {
errors.put(error.getfield(), error.getdefaultmessage());
}
result.put("success", false);
result.put("errors", errors);
return result;
}
productservice.addproduct(product);
result.put("success", true);
result.put("message", "产品添加成功");
return result;
}
@putmapping("/edit/{id}")
public map<string, object> editproduct(@pathvariable long id, @valid @requestbody product product, bindingresult bindingresult) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
if (bindingresult.haserrors()) {
map<string, string> errors = new hashmap<>();
for (fielderror error : bindingresult.getfielderrors()) {
errors.put(error.getfield(), error.getdefaultmessage());
}
result.put("success", false);
result.put("errors", errors);
return result;
}
product.setid(id);
productservice.updateproduct(product);
result.put("success", true);
result.put("message", "产品更新成功");
return result;
}
@deletemapping("/delete/{id}")
public map<string, object> deleteproduct(@pathvariable long id) {
map<string, object> result = new hashmap<>();
productservice.deleteproduct(id);
result.put("success", true);
result.put("message", "产品删除成功");
return result;
}
}
@springbootapplication
public class validationandexceptionapplication {
public static void main(string[] args) {
springapplication.run(validationandexceptionapplication.class, args);
}
}
// 测试类
@springboottest(webenvironment = springboottest.webenvironment.random_port)
class validationandexceptionapplicationtests {
@localserverport
private int port;
@autowired
private testresttemplate resttemplate;
@test
void contextloads() {
}
@test
void testaddproduct() {
map<string, object> product = new hashmap<>();
product.put("productid", "p006");
product.put("productname", "耳机");
product.put("price", 300.0);
product.put("stock", 150);
httpheaders headers = new httpheaders();
headers.setcontenttype(mediatype.application_json);
httpentity<map<string, object>> request = new httpentity<>(product, headers);
responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
"http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
httpmethod.post,
request,
map.class
);
assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(true);
}
@test
void testaddproductwithinvaliddata() {
map<string, object> product = new hashmap<>();
product.put("productid", "p");
product.put("productname", "");
product.put("price", -100.0);
product.put("stock", -10);
httpheaders headers = new httpheaders();
headers.setcontenttype(mediatype.application_json);
httpentity<map<string, object>> request = new httpentity<>(product, headers);
responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.exchange(
"http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
httpmethod.post,
request,
map.class
);
assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.bad_request);
assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(false);
assertthat(response.getbody().get("errors")).isnotnull();
}
@test
void testgetproductbyid() {
responseentity<product> response = resttemplate.getforentity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", product.class);
assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.ok);
assertthat(response.getbody()).isnotnull();
}
@test
void testgetproductbyidnotfound() {
responseentity<map> response = resttemplate.getforentity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/10", map.class);
assertthat(response.getstatuscode()).isequalto(httpstatus.not_found);
assertthat(response.getbody().get("success")).isequalto(false);
assertthat(response.getbody().get("message")).isnotnull();
}
}输出结果：
- 访问http://localhost:8080/api/products/add：返回“产品添加成功”。
- 访问http://localhost:8080/api/products/10：返回“产品不存在”。
✅ 结论：在实际开发中，spring boot数据验证与异常处理的应用场景非常广泛，需要根据实际问题选择合适的数据验证和异常处理方法。
总结
本章我们学习了spring boot数据验证与异常处理，包括数据验证的定义与特点、异常处理的定义与特点、spring boot与数据验证的集成、spring boot与异常处理的集成、spring boot的实际应用场景，学会了在实际开发中处理数据验证与异常处理问题。其中，数据验证的定义与特点、异常处理的定义与特点、spring boot与数据验证的集成、spring boot与异常处理的集成、spring boot的实际应用场景是本章的重点内容。从下一章开始，我们将学习spring boot的其他组件、微服务等内容。
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