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通过C#调取打印机打印文本和图片的多种方法

2026年01月18日 • Asp.net •我要评论
在c#中调用打印机打印文本和图片有多种方法，以下是最常用的几种方式：一、使用.net内置的打印类（最常用）1.基本打印流程using system;using system.drawing;using

在c#中调用打印机打印文本和图片有多种方法，以下是最常用的几种方式：

一、使用.net内置的打印类（最常用）

1.基本打印流程

using system;
using system.drawing;
using system.drawing.printing;
using system.windows.forms;

public class printerhelper
{
    private printdocument printdoc = new printdocument();
    private string texttoprint;
    private image imagetoprint;
    
    public printerhelper()
    {
        // 订阅打印事件
        printdoc.printpage += new printpageeventhandler(printpagehandler);
    }
    
    // 打印文本
    public void printtext(string text)
    {
        texttoprint = text;
        imagetoprint = null;
        
        // 显示打印对话框
        printdialog printdialog = new printdialog();
        printdialog.document = printdoc;
        
        if (printdialog.showdialog() == dialogresult.ok)
        {
            printdoc.print();
        }
    }
    
    // 打印图片
    public void printimage(image image)
    {
        imagetoprint = image;
        texttoprint = null;
        
        printdocument pd = new printdocument();
        pd.printpage += (sender, e) =>
        {
            // 居中打印图片
            rectangle rect = e.marginbounds;
            e.graphics.drawimage(imagetoprint, rect);
        };
        
        pd.print();
    }
    
    // 同时打印文本和图片
    private void printpagehandler(object sender, printpageeventargs e)
    {
        // 获取打印图形对象
        graphics g = e.graphics;
        
        // 设置字体
        font font = new font("宋体", 12);
        brush brush = brushes.black;
        
        // 如果有文本，打印文本
        if (!string.isnullorempty(texttoprint))
        {
            // 计算文本区域
            rectanglef textrect = new rectanglef(
                e.marginbounds.left,
                e.marginbounds.top,
                e.marginbounds.width,
                e.marginbounds.height / 2);
                
            // 打印文本（支持换行）
            g.drawstring(texttoprint, font, brush, textrect);
        }
        
        // 如果有图片，打印图片
        if (imagetoprint != null)
        {
            // 计算图片区域（文本下方）
            rectanglef imagerect = new rectanglef(
                e.marginbounds.left,
                e.marginbounds.top + e.marginbounds.height / 2 + 20,
                e.marginbounds.width,
                e.marginbounds.height / 2 - 20);
                
            // 保持图片纵横比
            float ratio = math.min(
                imagerect.width / imagetoprint.width,
                imagerect.height / imagetoprint.height);
                
            float width = imagetoprint.width * ratio;
            float height = imagetoprint.height * ratio;
            
            // 居中显示
            float x = imagerect.left + (imagerect.width - width) / 2;
            float y = imagerect.top + (imagerect.height - height) / 2;
            
            g.drawimage(imagetoprint, x, y, width, height);
        }
    }
}

2.打印预览功能

using system.drawing.printing;
using system.windows.forms;

public class printpreviewhelper
{
    public void showprintpreview(string text, image image = null)
    {
        printdocument printdoc = new printdocument();
        printdoc.printpage += (sender, e) =>
        {
            // 打印内容
            printcontent(e.graphics, e.marginbounds, text, image);
        };
        
        // 显示打印预览对话框
        printpreviewdialog previewdlg = new printpreviewdialog();
        previewdlg.document = printdoc;
        previewdlg.showdialog();
    }
    
    private void printcontent(graphics g, rectangle marginbounds, string text, image image)
    {
        // 打印文本
        if (!string.isnullorempty(text))
        {
            font font = new font("宋体", 11);
            rectanglef textarea = new rectanglef(
                marginbounds.left,
                marginbounds.top,
                marginbounds.width,
                marginbounds.height * 0.6f);
                
            stringformat format = new stringformat();
            format.alignment = stringalignment.near;
            format.linealignment = stringalignment.near;
            
            g.drawstring(text, font, brushes.black, textarea, format);
        }
        
        // 打印图片
        if (image != null)
        {
            rectanglef imagearea = new rectanglef(
                marginbounds.left,
                marginbounds.top + marginbounds.height * 0.6f + 10,
                marginbounds.width,
                marginbounds.height * 0.4f - 10);
                
            // 保持纵横比
            drawimagecentered(g, image, imagearea);
        }
    }
    
    private void drawimagecentered(graphics g, image image, rectanglef area)
    {
        float ratio = math.min(area.width / image.width, area.height / image.height);
        float width = image.width * ratio;
        float height = image.height * ratio;
        float x = area.left + (area.width - width) / 2;
        float y = area.top + (area.height - height) / 2;
        
        g.drawimage(image, x, y, width, height);
    }
}

3.高级打印功能

using system.drawing.printing;
using system.collections.generic;

public class advancedprinter
{
    // 获取所有打印机
    public list<string> getavailableprinters()
    {
        list<string> printers = new list<string>();
        foreach (string printer in printersettings.installedprinters)
        {
            printers.add(printer);
        }
        return printers;
    }
    
    // 设置默认打印机
    public void setdefaultprinter(string printername)
    {
        printersettings settings = new printersettings();
        settings.printername = printername;
    }
    
    // 打印多页文档
    public void printmultipagedocument(list<string> pages, string printername = null)
    {
        printdocument printdoc = new printdocument();
        
        if (!string.isnullorempty(printername))
        {
            printdoc.printersettings.printername = printername;
        }
        
        int currentpage = 0;
        
        printdoc.printpage += (sender, e) =>
        {
            if (currentpage < pages.count)
            {
                // 打印当前页
                printsinglepage(e.graphics, e.marginbounds, pages[currentpage]);
                currentpage++;
                
                // 如果还有更多页，继续打印
                e.hasmorepages = currentpage < pages.count;
            }
        };
        
        printdoc.print();
    }
    
    private void printsinglepage(graphics g, rectangle bounds, string content)
    {
        font font = new font("arial", 10);
        g.drawstring(content, font, brushes.black, bounds);
    }
}

二、使用wpf的打印功能

1.wpf打印基础

using system.windows;
using system.windows.controls;
using system.windows.documents;
using system.windows.media;
using system.windows.media.imaging;

public class wpfprinter
{
    // 打印文本
    public void printtextwpf(string text)
    {
        flowdocument doc = new flowdocument();
        paragraph paragraph = new paragraph();
        paragraph.inlines.add(text);
        doc.blocks.add(paragraph);
        
        printdialog printdialog = new printdialog();
        if (printdialog.showdialog() == true)
        {
            doc.pageheight = printdialog.printableareaheight;
            doc.pagewidth = printdialog.printableareawidth;
            printdialog.printdocument(
                ((idocumentpaginatorsource)doc).documentpaginator, 
                "打印文档");
        }
    }
    
    // 打印图片
    public void printimagewpf(string imagepath)
    {
        printdialog printdialog = new printdialog();
        if (printdialog.showdialog() == true)
        {
            image image = new image();
            bitmapimage bitmap = new bitmapimage(new uri(imagepath, urikind.relativeorabsolute));
            image.source = bitmap;
            image.stretch = stretch.uniform;
            
            // 调整大小以适应页面
            image.width = printdialog.printableareawidth - 100;
            image.height = printdialog.printableareaheight - 100;
            
            printdialog.printvisual(image, "打印图片");
        }
    }
}

2.wpf打印自定义内容

using system.windows.media;

public class customwpfprinter
{
    public void printcustomcontent()
    {
        printdialog printdialog = new printdialog();
        if (printdialog.showdialog() == true)
        {
            // 创建要打印的可视化对象
            drawingvisual visual = new drawingvisual();
            
            using (drawingcontext context = visual.renderopen())
            {
                // 绘制文本
                formattedtext text = new formattedtext(
                    "打印测试",
                    system.globalization.cultureinfo.currentculture,
                    flowdirection.lefttoright,
                    new typeface("arial"),
                    32,
                    brushes.black);
                    
                context.drawtext(text, new point(100, 100));
                
                // 绘制矩形
                context.drawrectangle(
                    brushes.lightgray,
                    new pen(brushes.black, 2),
                    new rect(50, 50, 200, 100));
            }
            
            printdialog.printvisual(visual, "自定义打印");
        }
    }
}

三、打印报表（使用rdlc报表）

1.安装必要的nuget包

<!-- 在.csproj文件中添加 -->
<packagereference include="microsoft.reportingservices.reportviewercontrol.winforms" version="150.1480.0" />

2.创建和打印rdlc报表

using microsoft.reporting.winforms;
using system.data;

public class reportprinter
{
    public void printreport(datatable data, string imagepath = null)
    {
        // 创建报表
        localreport report = new localreport();
        report.reportpath = @"report.rdlc"; // rdlc文件路径
        
        // 添加数据源
        reportdatasource datasource = new reportdatasource("dataset1", data);
        report.datasources.add(datasource);
        
        // 如果有图片，添加参数
        if (!string.isnullorempty(imagepath))
        {
            reportparameter param = new reportparameter("imagepath", imagepath);
            report.setparameters(param);
        }
        
        // 渲染报表
        byte[] pdfbytes = report.render("pdf");
        
        // 打印pdf（需要pdf打印支持）
        // 或者使用reportviewer控件预览
        printreportdirectly(report);
    }
    
    private void printreportdirectly(localreport report)
    {
        printdialog printdialog = new printdialog();
        
        if (printdialog.showdialog() == dialogresult.ok)
        {
            // 创建打印文档
            printdocument printdoc = new printdocument();
            printdoc.printersettings = printdialog.printersettings;
            
            // 打印报表
            report.printtoprinter(printdialog.printersettings,
                                 printdialog.pagesettings,
                                 false);
        }
    }
}

四、使用第三方库（推荐用于复杂打印）

1.使用itextsharp打印pdf

using itextsharp.text;
using itextsharp.text.pdf;

public class pdfprinter
{
    public void createandprintpdf(string text, string imagepath)
    {
        // 创建pdf文档
        document document = new document();
        
        // 保存pdf文件
        pdfwriter.getinstance(document, new filestream("output.pdf", filemode.create));
        document.open();
        
        // 添加文本
        paragraph paragraph = new paragraph(text);
        document.add(paragraph);
        
        // 添加图片
        if (!string.isnullorempty(imagepath))
        {
            image image = image.getinstance(imagepath);
            image.scaletofit(400, 400);
            document.add(image);
        }
        
        document.close();
        
        // 打印pdf
        printpdf("output.pdf");
    }
    
    private void printpdf(string pdfpath)
    {
        process process = new process();
        process.startinfo.filename = pdfpath;
        process.startinfo.verb = "print";
        process.startinfo.createnowindow = true;
        process.startinfo.windowstyle = processwindowstyle.hidden;
        process.start();
    }
}

2.使用pdfsharp

using pdfsharp.drawing;
using pdfsharp.pdf;
using pdfsharp.pdf.printing;

public class pdfsharpprinter
{
    public void printwithpdfsharp(string text, ximage image)
    {
        // 创建pdf文档
        pdfdocument document = new pdfdocument();
        pdfpage page = document.addpage();
        
        xgraphics gfx = xgraphics.frompdfpage(page);
        xfont font = new xfont("arial", 12);
        
        // 绘制文本
        gfx.drawstring(text, font, xbrushes.black,
                      new xrect(50, 50, page.width - 100, page.height - 100),
                      xstringformats.topleft);
        
        // 绘制图片
        if (image != null)
        {
            gfx.drawimage(image, 50, 150, 200, 200);
        }
        
        // 保存临时文件并打印
        string tempfile = path.gettempfilename() + ".pdf";
        document.save(tempfile);
        
        // 使用pdf查看器打印
        pdffileprinter printer = new pdffileprinter(tempfile);
        printer.print();
        
        // 清理临时文件
        file.delete(tempfile);
    }
}

五、实用扩展方法

using system.drawing;
using system.drawing.printing;

public static class printingextensions
{
    // 扩展方法：直接打印字符串
    public static void print(this string text, font font = null)
    {
        font = font ?? new font("宋体", 12);
        
        printdocument pd = new printdocument();
        pd.printpage += (sender, e) =>
        {
            e.graphics.drawstring(text, font, brushes.black, 
                                 e.marginbounds.left, 
                                 e.marginbounds.top);
        };
        
        pd.print();
    }
    
    // 扩展方法：直接打印图片
    public static void print(this image image, bool fittopage = true)
    {
        printdocument pd = new printdocument();
        pd.printpage += (sender, e) =>
        {
            rectangle rect = fittopage ? e.marginbounds : 
                new rectangle(100, 100, image.width, image.height);
            e.graphics.drawimage(image, rect);
        };
        
        pd.print();
    }
    
    // 批量打印
    public static void batchprint(this list<printjob> jobs, string printername)
    {
        foreach (var job in jobs)
        {
            printdocument pd = new printdocument();
            pd.printersettings.printername = printername;
            
            pd.printpage += (sender, e) =>
            {
                if (job.text != null)
                    e.graphics.drawstring(job.text, job.font, brushes.black, 100, 100);
                
                if (job.image != null)
                    e.graphics.drawimage(job.image, 100, 200);
            };
            
            pd.print();
        }
    }
}

public class printjob
{
    public string text { get; set; }
    public image image { get; set; }
    public font font { get; set; } = new font("arial", 12);
}

六、完整示例程序

using system;
using system.drawing;
using system.drawing.printing;
using system.windows.forms;

namespace printdemo
{
    public partial class mainform : form
    {
        private printdocument printdoc;
        private string currenttext;
        private image currentimage;
        
        public mainform()
        {
            initializecomponent();
            
            printdoc = new printdocument();
            printdoc.printpage += printdoc_printpage;
        }
        
        private void btnprinttext_click(object sender, eventargs e)
        {
            currenttext = txtcontent.text;
            currentimage = null;
            
            printdialog dlg = new printdialog();
            dlg.document = printdoc;
            
            if (dlg.showdialog() == dialogresult.ok)
            {
                printdoc.print();
            }
        }
        
        private void btnprintimage_click(object sender, eventargs e)
        {
            using (openfiledialog dlg = new openfiledialog())
            {
                dlg.filter = "图片文件|*.jpg;*.png;*.bmp";
                if (dlg.showdialog() == dialogresult.ok)
                {
                    currentimage = image.fromfile(dlg.filename);
                    currenttext = null;
                    printdoc.print();
                }
            }
        }
        
        private void btnpreview_click(object sender, eventargs e)
        {
            printpreviewdialog previewdlg = new printpreviewdialog();
            previewdlg.document = printdoc;
            previewdlg.showdialog();
        }
        
        private void printdoc_printpage(object sender, printpageeventargs e)
        {
            graphics g = e.graphics;
            rectangle margins = e.marginbounds;
            
            // 设置高质量
            g.smoothingmode = system.drawing.drawing2d.smoothingmode.highquality;
            g.textrenderinghint = system.drawing.text.textrenderinghint.antialias;
            
            float ypos = margins.top;
            
            // 打印文本
            if (!string.isnullorempty(currenttext))
            {
                font textfont = new font("宋体", 11);
                sizef textsize = g.measurestring(currenttext, textfont, margins.width);
                
                g.drawstring(currenttext, textfont, brushes.black, 
                           new rectanglef(margins.left, ypos, margins.width, textsize.height));
                
                ypos += textsize.height + 20;
            }
            
            // 打印图片
            if (currentimage != null)
            {
                float availableheight = margins.bottom - ypos;
                float ratio = math.min(
                    (float)margins.width / currentimage.width,
                    availableheight / currentimage.height);
                    
                float width = currentimage.width * ratio;
                float height = currentimage.height * ratio;
                float x = margins.left + (margins.width - width) / 2;
                
                g.drawimage(currentimage, x, ypos, width, height);
            }
        }
    }
}

七、最佳实践建议

  1. 异常处理：
try
{
    printdoc.print();
}
catch (invalidprinterexception ex)
{
    messagebox.show($"打印机错误: {ex.message}");
}
catch (exception ex)
{
    messagebox.show($"打印错误: {ex.message}");
}
  1. 异步打印：
public async task printasync(string content)
{
    await task.run(() =>
    {
        printdocument pd = new printdocument();
        pd.printpage += (sender, e) =>
        {
            e.graphics.drawstring(content, new font("arial", 12), 
                                 brushes.black, 100, 100);
        };
        pd.print();
    });
}
  1. 打印设置保存：
public class printsettings
{
    public string printername { get; set; }
    public bool landscape { get; set; }
    public papersize papersize { get; set; }
    
    public void applyto(printdocument doc)
    {
        doc.printersettings.printername = printername;
        doc.defaultpagesettings.landscape = landscape;
        if (papersize != null)
            doc.defaultpagesettings.papersize = papersize;
    }
}

总结

选择打印方法：

  1. 简单需求：使用printdocument类
  2. wpf应用：使用printdialog.printvisual()或printdialog.printdocument()
  3. 复杂报表：使用rdlc或第三方库（如itextsharp）
  4. 批量打印：使用扩展方法和队列

注意事项：

  • 始终处理打印异常
  • 大型图片先调整大小再打印
  • 考虑使用异步打印避免ui阻塞
  • 提供打印预览功能改善用户体验

以上就是通过c#调取打印机打印文本和图片的多种方法的详细内容，更多关于c#打印机打印文本和图片的资料请关注代码网其它相关文章！

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