我要评论问题分析
1.默认监控的局限性
@component
public class threadpoolmonitor {
@autowired
private threadpooltaskexecutor taskexecutor; // 只能监控这一个线程池
public void monitor() {
// 只能监控 taskexecutor 这个特定的bean
system.out.println("活跃线程: " + taskexecutor.getactivecount());
}
}
解决方案
方案1：手动注册所有线程池
@component
public class threadpoolmonitor {
private final map<string, threadpooltaskexecutor> executors = new concurrenthashmap<>();
// 手动注册线程池
public void registerexecutor(string name, threadpooltaskexecutor executor) {
executors.put(name, executor);
}
@scheduled(fixedrate = 30000)
public void monitorall() {
executors.foreach((name, executor) -> {
threadpoolexecutor pool = executor.getthreadpoolexecutor();
log.info("线程池[{}] - 活跃: {}/{}, 队列: {}/{}, 完成: {}",
name,
pool.getactivecount(),
pool.getpoolsize(),
pool.getqueue().size(),
pool.getqueue().remainingcapacity() + pool.getqueue().size(),
pool.getcompletedtaskcount());
});
}
}
// 在配置中注册
@configuration
public class executorconfig {
@autowired
private threadpoolmonitor monitor;
@bean("emailexecutor")
public threadpooltaskexecutor emailexecutor() {
threadpooltaskexecutor executor = new threadpooltaskexecutor();
// 配置...
executor.initialize();
// 注册到监控器
monitor.registerexecutor("emailexecutor", executor);
return executor;
}
@bean("smsexecutor")
public threadpooltaskexecutor smsexecutor() {
threadpooltaskexecutor executor = new threadpooltaskexecutor();
// 配置...
executor.initialize();
monitor.registerexecutor("smsexecutor", executor);
return executor;
}
}
方案2：自动发现所有线程池（推荐）
@component
public class globalthreadpoolmonitor {
@autowired
private applicationcontext applicationcontext;
@scheduled(fixedrate = 30000)
public void monitorallthreadpools() {
// 获取所有 threadpooltaskexecutor 类型的bean
map<string, threadpooltaskexecutor> executors =
applicationcontext.getbeansoftype(threadpooltaskexecutor.class);
// 获取所有 threadpoolexecutor 类型的bean（直接创建的）
map<string, threadpoolexecutor> nativeexecutors =
applicationcontext.getbeansoftype(threadpoolexecutor.class);
log.info("=== 线程池监控报告 ===");
// 监控 spring 封装的线程池
executors.foreach((beanname, executor) -> {
if (executor.getthreadpoolexecutor() != null) {
printpoolstats(beanname, executor.getthreadpoolexecutor());
}
});
// 监控原生线程池
nativeexecutors.foreach((beanname, executor) -> {
printpoolstats(beanname, executor);
});
}
private void printpoolstats(string name, threadpoolexecutor executor) {
log.info("线程池[{}]: 活跃{}/核心{}, 队列{}/{}, 完成任务: {}, 拒绝: {}",
name,
executor.getactivecount(),
executor.getpoolsize(),
executor.getqueue().size(),
executor.getqueue().size() + executor.getqueue().remainingcapacity(),
executor.getcompletedtaskcount(),
executor.getrejectedexecutionhandler().getclass().getsimplename());
}
}
方案3：监控 @async 使用的线程池
@component
public class asyncthreadpoolmonitor {
@autowired
private applicationcontext applicationcontext;
@scheduled(fixedrate = 30000)
public void monitorasyncpools() {
try {
// 通过反射获取spring内部的线程池
map<string, executor> asyncexecutors =
applicationcontext.getbeansoftype(executor.class);
asyncexecutors.foreach((name, executor) -> {
if (executor instanceof threadpooltaskexecutor) {
threadpoolexecutor pool = ((threadpooltaskexecutor) executor).getthreadpoolexecutor();
printasyncpoolstats(name, pool);
} else if (executor instanceof threadpoolexecutor) {
printasyncpoolstats(name, (threadpoolexecutor) executor);
} else if (executor instanceof taskexecutor) {
log.info("executor [{}]: 类型 {}", name, executor.getclass().getsimplename());
}
});
} catch (exception e) {
log.warn("监控异步线程池失败: {}", e.getmessage());
}
}
private void printasyncpoolstats(string name, threadpoolexecutor pool) {
double usagerate = pool.getmaximumpoolsize() > 0 ?
(double) pool.getactivecount() / pool.getmaximumpoolsize() * 100 : 0;
log.warn("异步线程池[{}]: 活跃{}/最大{}, 使用率: {:.1f}%, 队列: {}/{}",
name,
pool.getactivecount(),
pool.getmaximumpoolsize(),
usagerate,
pool.getqueue().size(),
pool.getqueue().size() + pool.getqueue().remainingcapacity());
}
}
方案4：集成micrometer监控（生产环境推荐）
@component
public class micrometerthreadpoolmonitor {
private final meterregistry meterregistry;
private final list<threadpoolexecutor> monitoredpools = new arraylist<>();
public micrometerthreadpoolmonitor(meterregistry meterregistry) {
this.meterregistry = meterregistry;
}
// 注册要监控的线程池
public void registerpool(string name, threadpoolexecutor pool) {
monitoredpools.add(pool);
// 注册指标
gauge.builder("thread.pool.active.count", pool, threadpoolexecutor::getactivecount)
.tag("pool", name)
.description("活跃线程数")
.register(meterregistry);
gauge.builder("thread.pool.queue.size", pool, p -> p.getqueue().size())
.tag("pool", name)
.description("队列大小")
.register(meterregistry);
gauge.builder("thread.pool.completed.tasks", pool, threadpoolexecutor::getcompletedtaskcount)
.tag("pool", name)
.description("完成任务数")
.register(meterregistry);
}
@eventlistener
public void onapplicationready(applicationreadyevent event) {
// 应用启动后自动发现并注册所有线程池
applicationcontext context = event.getapplicationcontext();
map<string, threadpooltaskexecutor> springexecutors =
context.getbeansoftype(threadpooltaskexecutor.class);
map<string, threadpoolexecutor> nativeexecutors =
context.getbeansoftype(threadpoolexecutor.class);
springexecutors.foreach((name, executor) -> {
if (executor.getthreadpoolexecutor() != null) {
registerpool("spring-" + name, executor.getthreadpoolexecutor());
}
});
nativeexecutors.foreach((name, executor) -> {
registerpool("native-" + name, executor);
});
log.info("已注册监控的线程池数量: {}", monitoredpools.size());
}
}
完整的生产级监控方案
@configuration
public class threadpoolmonitorconfig {
@bean
@conditionalonmissingbean
public globalthreadpoolmonitor globalthreadpoolmonitor() {
return new globalthreadpoolmonitor();
}
}
@component
@slf4j
public class globalthreadpoolmonitor {
@autowired
private applicationcontext applicationcontext;
private final map<string, threadpoolexecutor> allpools = new concurrenthashmap<>();
@postconstruct
public void init() {
discoverallthreadpools();
}
@scheduled(fixedrate = 30000)
public void monitorallpools() {
if (allpools.isempty()) {
discoverallthreadpools();
}
log.info("======= 线程池监控报告 =======");
allpools.foreach(this::logpoolstatus);
log.info("======= 监控报告结束 =======");
}
private void discoverallthreadpools() {
// 发现spring封装的线程池
applicationcontext.getbeansoftype(threadpooltaskexecutor.class)
.foreach((name, executor) -> {
if (executor.getthreadpoolexecutor() != null) {
allpools.put("spring-" + name, executor.getthreadpoolexecutor());
}
});
// 发现原生线程池
applicationcontext.getbeansoftype(threadpoolexecutor.class)
.foreach((name, executor) -> {
allpools.put("native-" + name, executor);
});
// 发现所有executor（包括@async使用的）
applicationcontext.getbeansoftype(executor.class)
.foreach((name, executor) -> {
if (executor instanceof threadpooltaskexecutor) {
threadpoolexecutor pool = ((threadpooltaskexecutor) executor).getthreadpoolexecutor();
allpools.putifabsent("executor-" + name, pool);
} else if (executor instanceof threadpoolexecutor) {
allpools.putifabsent("executor-" + name, (threadpoolexecutor) executor);
}
});
log.info("发现线程池数量: {}", allpools.size());
}
private void logpoolstatus(string name, threadpoolexecutor pool) {
int activecount = pool.getactivecount();
int poolsize = pool.getpoolsize();
int queuesize = pool.getqueue().size();
int queuecapacity = queuesize + pool.getqueue().remainingcapacity();
long completedtasks = pool.getcompletedtaskcount();
string status = (activecount == 0) ? "空闲" : "忙碌";
double usagerate = pool.getmaximumpoolsize() > 0 ?
(double) activecount / pool.getmaximumpoolsize() * 100 : 0;
if (usagerate > 80) {
log.warn("🚨 线程池[{}]: {} 活跃{}/最大{} (使用率{:.1f}%), 队列{}/{}",
name, status, activecount, pool.getmaximumpoolsize(), usagerate,
queuesize, queuecapacity);
} else {
log.info("线程池[{}]: {} 活跃{}/核心{}, 队列{}/{}, 完成: {}",
name, status, activecount, poolsize, queuesize, queuecapacity, completedtasks);
}
}
// 获取特定线程池状态
public threadpoolstats getpoolstats(string poolname) {
threadpoolexecutor pool = allpools.get(poolname);
if (pool != null) {
return new threadpoolstats(
pool.getactivecount(),
pool.getpoolsize(),
pool.getqueue().size(),
pool.getqueue().remainingcapacity(),
pool.getcompletedtaskcount()
);
}
return null;
}
// 统计类
@data
@allargsconstructor
public static class threadpoolstats {
private int activecount;
private int poolsize;
private int queuesize;
private int queueremainingcapacity;
private long completedtaskcount;
}
}
总结
- 默认情况下，
threadpoolmonitor只能监控直接注入的特定线程池 - 需要特殊处理才能监控所有线程池：
- 自动发现所有
threadpooltaskexecutor和threadpoolexecutorbean - 注册机制手动管理
- 集成监控框架如 micrometer
- 自动发现所有
- 生产推荐：使用方案2或方案4的自动发现机制
关键是要在应用启动后自动发现所有线程池实例，而不是依赖单个注入。
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