SpringBoot优雅实现接口的多实现类方式详解

1. 样板代码

1.1. 支付类型枚举

package com.example.demo.enums;

import lombok.allargsconstructor;
import lombok.getter;

/**
 * 支付类型枚举
 *
 * @author wangbo
 */
@getter
@allargsconstructor
public enum paymenttypeenum {
    alipay("alipay", "支付宝"),
    wechat("wechat", "微信"),
    unionpay("unionpay", "银联");

    private final string code;
    private final string name;
}

1.2. 支付服务接口

package com.example.demo.service;

import com.example.demo.enums.paymenttypeenum;

import java.math.bigdecimal;

/**
 * 支付服务
 *
 * @author wangbo
 */
public interface paymentservice {
    /**
     * 获取支付方式
     *
     * @return paymenttypeenum
     */
    paymenttypeenum getpaymenttype();

    /**
     * 处理支付
     *
     * @param amount 金额
     */
    void processpayment(bigdecimal amount);
}

1.3. 支付服务实现类

package com.example.demo.service.impl;

import com.example.demo.enums.paymenttypeenum;
import com.example.demo.service.paymentservice;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.service;

import java.math.bigdecimal;

/**
 * 支付服务实现-支付宝支付
 *
 * @author wangbo
 */
@slf4j
@service
public class paymentservicealipayimpl implements paymentservice {

    @override
    public paymenttypeenum getpaymenttype() {
        return paymenttypeenum.alipay;
    }

    @override
    public void processpayment(bigdecimal amount) {
        log.info("支付宝支付: " + amount);
    }
}

package com.example.demo.service.impl;

import com.example.demo.enums.paymenttypeenum;
import com.example.demo.service.paymentservice;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.service;

import java.math.bigdecimal;

/**
 * 支付服务实现-微信支付
 *
 * @author wangbo
 */
@slf4j
@service
public class paymentservicewechatimpl implements paymentservice {
    @override
    public paymenttypeenum getpaymenttype() {
        return paymenttypeenum.wechat;
    }

    @override
    public void processpayment(bigdecimal amount) {
        log.info("微信支付: " + amount);
    }
}

1.4. 支付服务策略管理器

package com.example.demo.manager;

import com.example.demo.enums.paymenttypeenum;
import com.example.demo.service.paymentservice;
import lombok.allargsconstructor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;

import java.util.list;

/**
 * 支付服务策略管理器
 *
 * @author wangbo
 */
@component
@allargsconstructor
public class paymentservicestrategymanager {

    private final list<paymentservice> paymentservices;

    public paymentservice getpaymentservice(paymenttypeenum paymenttypeenum) {
        for (paymentservice paymentservice : paymentservices) {
            if (paymentservice.getpaymenttype().equals(paymenttypeenum)) {
                return paymentservice;
            }
        }
        throw new illegalargumentexception("不支持的支付方式: " + paymenttypeenum.getname());
    }
}

2. 使用代码

订单处理中需要调用支付服务

2.1. 订单服务接口

package com.example.demo.service;

import com.example.demo.enums.paymenttypeenum;

import java.math.bigdecimal;

/**
 * 订单服务
 *
 * @author wangbo
 */
public interface orderservice {
    /**
     * 处理订单
     *
     * @param paymenttypeenum 支付方式
     * @param amount          支付金额
     */
    void processorder(paymenttypeenum paymenttypeenum, bigdecimal amount);
}

2.2. 订单服务实现类

package com.example.demo.service.impl;

import com.example.demo.enums.paymenttypeenum;
import com.example.demo.manager.paymentservicestrategymanager;
import com.example.demo.service.orderservice;
import com.example.demo.service.paymentservice;
import lombok.allargsconstructor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.service;

import java.math.bigdecimal;

/**
 * 订单服务实现
 *
 * @author wangbo
 */
@service
@allargsconstructor
public class orderserviceimpl implements orderservice {

    private final paymentservicestrategymanager paymentservicestrategymanager;

    @override
    public void processorder(paymenttypeenum paymenttypeenum, bigdecimal amount) {
        paymentservice paymentservice = paymentservicestrategymanager.getpaymentservice(paymenttypeenum);
        paymentservice.processpayment(amount);
    }
}

3. 测试代码

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.enums.paymenttypeenum;
import com.example.demo.service.orderservice;
import lombok.allargsconstructor;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.getmapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.restcontroller;

import java.math.bigdecimal;

/**
 * @author wangbo
 * @since 2025/10/21
 */
@restcontroller
@allargsconstructor
public class ordercontroller {

    private final orderservice orderservice;

    @getmapping("/order")
    public string processorder() {
        orderservice.processorder(paymenttypeenum.alipay, bigdecimal.ten);
        return "支付成功";
    }

    @getmapping("/order1")
    public string processorder1() {
        orderservice.processorder(paymenttypeenum.wechat, bigdecimal.ten);
        return "支付成功";
    }

    @getmapping("/order2")
    public string processorder2() {
        orderservice.processorder(paymenttypeenum.unionpay, bigdecimal.ten);
        return "支付成功";
    }
}

• http://localhost:8080/order
• http://localhost:8080/order1
• http://localhost:8080/order2

分别调用三次后，日志如下：

2025-10-21t12:01:11.144+08:00  info 32792 --- [demo] [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.c.[tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : initializing spring dispatcherservlet 'dispatcherservlet'
2025-10-21t12:01:11.144+08:00  info 32792 --- [demo] [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet        : initializing servlet 'dispatcherservlet'
2025-10-21t12:01:11.146+08:00  info 32792 --- [demo] [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet        : completed initialization in 1 ms
2025-10-21t12:01:11.170+08:00  info 32792 --- [demo] [nio-8080-exec-1] c.e.d.s.impl.paymentservicealipayimpl    : 支付宝支付: 10
2025-10-21t12:01:21.053+08:00  info 32792 --- [demo] [nio-8080-exec-3] c.e.d.s.impl.paymentservicewechatimpl    : 微信支付: 10
2025-10-21t12:01:26.791+08:00 error 32792 --- [demo] [nio-8080-exec-4] o.a.c.c.c.[.[.[/].[dispatcherservlet]    : servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherservlet] in context with path [] threw exception [request processing failed: java.lang.illegalargumentexception: 不支持的支付方式: 银联] with root cause

java.lang.illegalargumentexception: 不支持的支付方式: 银联
    at com.example.demo.manager.paymentservicestrategymanager.getpaymentservice(paymentservicestrategymanager.java:27) ~[main/:na]
    at com.example.demo.service.impl.orderserviceimpl.processorder(orderserviceimpl.java:24) ~[main/:na]
    at com.example.demo.controller.ordercontroller.processorder2(ordercontroller.java:35) ~[main/:na]
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.directmethodhandleaccessor.invoke(directmethodhandleaccessor.java:103) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.method.invoke(method.java:580) ~[na:na]
    at org.springframework.web.method.support.invocablehandlermethod.doinvoke(invocablehandlermethod.java:258) ~[spring-web-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.springframework.web.method.support.invocablehandlermethod.invokeforrequest(invocablehandlermethod.java:191) ~[spring-web-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.servletinvocablehandlermethod.invokeandhandle(servletinvocablehandlermethod.java:118) ~[spring-webmvc-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.requestmappinghandleradapter.invokehandlermethod(requestmappinghandleradapter.java:991) ~[spring-webmvc-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.requestmappinghandleradapter.handleinternal(requestmappinghandleradapter.java:896) ~[spring-webmvc-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.abstracthandlermethodadapter.handle(abstracthandlermethodadapter.java:87) ~[spring-webmvc-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet.dodispatch(dispatcherservlet.java:1089) ~[spring-webmvc-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet.doservice(dispatcherservlet.java:979) ~[spring-webmvc-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.frameworkservlet.processrequest(frameworkservlet.java:1014) ~[spring-webmvc-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.frameworkservlet.doget(frameworkservlet.java:903) ~[spring-webmvc-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at jakarta.servlet.http.httpservlet.service(httpservlet.java:564) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:6.0]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.frameworkservlet.service(frameworkservlet.java:885) ~[spring-webmvc-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at jakarta.servlet.http.httpservlet.service(httpservlet.java:658) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:6.0]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:195) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:140) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.wsfilter.dofilter(wsfilter.java:51) ~[tomcat-embed-websocket-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:164) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:140) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.requestcontextfilter.dofilterinternal(requestcontextfilter.java:100) ~[spring-web-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:116) ~[spring-web-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:164) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:140) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.formcontentfilter.dofilterinternal(formcontentfilter.java:93) ~[spring-web-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:116) ~[spring-web-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:164) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:140) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.characterencodingfilter.dofilterinternal(characterencodingfilter.java:201) ~[spring-web-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:116) ~[spring-web-6.2.9.jar:6.2.9]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:164) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:140) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.standardwrappervalve.invoke(standardwrappervalve.java:167) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.standardcontextvalve.invoke(standardcontextvalve.java:90) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.authenticatorbase.invoke(authenticatorbase.java:483) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.standardhostvalve.invoke(standardhostvalve.java:116) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.errorreportvalve.invoke(errorreportvalve.java:93) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.standardenginevalve.invoke(standardenginevalve.java:74) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.coyoteadapter.service(coyoteadapter.java:344) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.http11processor.service(http11processor.java:398) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.coyote.abstractprocessorlight.process(abstractprocessorlight.java:63) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.coyote.abstractprotocol$connectionhandler.process(abstractprotocol.java:903) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.nioendpoint$socketprocessor.dorun(nioendpoint.java:1769) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.socketprocessorbase.run(socketprocessorbase.java:52) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.threadpoolexecutor.runworker(threadpoolexecutor.java:1189) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.threadpoolexecutor$worker.run(threadpoolexecutor.java:658) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.taskthread$wrappingrunnable.run(taskthread.java:63) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.43.jar:10.1.43]
    at java.base/java.lang.thread.run(thread.java:1583) ~[na:na]

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