我要评论一、环境
- 虚拟机：vmware workstation。
- 系统：ubuntu 20.04。
- 文件系统：xfs 或 ext4。
- 内存：至少具有 2 gb 内存。
- 磁盘空间：6 gb以上。
- 处理器速度：2 ghz。
- 处理器核心数：2 个核心。
- 处理器类型：仅兼容 x64。
- 安装sql server版本：2019。
如果以前安装了 sql server 的社区技术预览版 (ctp) 或候选发布 (rc) 版本，则必须先删除旧存储库。
二、安装 sql server
（1）导入公共存储库 gpg 密钥：
wget -qo- https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/microsoft.asc
输出：
-----begin pgp public key block----- version: gnupg v1.4.7 (gnu/linux) mqenbfyxwiwbcadakozhzljxgngwzqv+1og1xiqeoowkhssgakvd+buxcgiszjwt lxzqiciilp7pqdczwte9bsc7yby2maldp9liu0kekywq6vvx1t72npf5ev6x6dlv 7avwsczuaf+eb7dc9fpufledxmoeyopjzrq7ccnsv4jqxaqhu4t6ojbvrazgl3ag oeizpxmrljmtuutthqznrhtlzkmwiruivbffpd+feohj1+uidfozzx8/okhkle2j h632kvsnzjflrovvglyak2wrclu+rjjggixhwib+mu/a8tf4v6b+ypps44q8evvr m+qvy7lnsoffso6slsy9oisgtdfe39nc7pvrabebaag0n01py3jvc29mdcaoumvs zwfzzsbzawduaw5nksa8z3bnc2vjdxjpdhlabwljcm9zb2z0lmnvbt6jatueewec ab8falyxwiwcgwmgcwkibwmcbbuccamdfgibah4baheaaaojeos+lk2+einpgpsh /32vky29hg51h9dffjmx0/a/f+5vkecevqimvytm04c+xennusbyz3erphghflqe mngxsfb7c7zxeew7j/vszrghxm7zvesisuyrfq2sgkj+hfernrqfci45bdhmrusy 7sww9ybxdfokuqoykd3tbmigfonqmlbaomwdasic965rvjsd5zyazzfi1uwtkfxv kjt3bp3ngn1veyxwijgta+fxz6glhuejwf0i7ug34dgukafvas8hacr2dryxl5rj xdngj4jd2/g6t9inmwt0hasljur+djnzninckbn9kbx7j/qk1ibr8y560yrmfsu+ ndcftw7wy0fb1fwj+/ktsc4= =j6gs -----end pgp public key block-----
（2）注册 sql server ubuntu 存储库：
sudo add-apt-repository "$(wget -qo- https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/mssql-server-2019.list)"
输出：
hit:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal inrelease get:2 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates inrelease [114 kb] get:3 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial inrelease [8,993 b] get:4 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/20.04/mssql-server-2019 focal inrelease [3,057 b] get:5 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-backports inrelease [108 kb] get:6 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/20.04/mssql-server-2019 focal/main all packages [717 b] get:7 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-security inrelease [114 kb] get:8 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/20.04/mssql-server-2019 focal/main amd64 packages [8,083 b] get:9 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 packages [2,463 kb] get:10 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main translation-en [420 kb] get:11 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 c-n-f metadata [16.4 kb] get:12 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/restricted amd64 packages [1,713 kb] get:13 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/restricted translation-en [242 kb] get:14 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/restricted amd64 c-n-f metadata [620 b] get:15 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 packages [1,045 kb] get:16 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/universe translation-en [246 kb] get:17 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 c-n-f metadata [24.1 kb] get:18 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 packages [2,082 kb] get:19 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-security/main translation-en [338 kb] get:20 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 c-n-f metadata [12.5 kb] get:21 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-security/restricted amd64 packages [1,605 kb] get:22 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-security/restricted translation-en [227 kb] get:23 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-security/restricted amd64 c-n-f metadata [620 b] get:24 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-security/universe amd64 packages [820 kb] get:25 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-security/universe translation-en [164 kb] get:26 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-security/universe amd64 c-n-f metadata [17.5 kb] fetched 11.8 mb in 1min 1s (193 kb/s) reading package lists... done
（3）运行以下命令以安装 sql server：
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y mssql-server
输出：
fetched 269 mb in 1min 33s (2,903 kb/s) preconfiguring packages ... selecting previously unselected package libdw1:amd64. (reading database ... 72772 files and directories currently installed.) preparing to unpack .../00-libdw1_0.176-1.1build1_amd64.deb ... unpacking libdw1:amd64 (0.176-1.1build1) ... selecting previously unselected package libbabeltrace1:amd64. preparing to unpack .../01-libbabeltrace1_1.5.8-1build1_amd64.deb ... unpacking libbabeltrace1:amd64 (1.5.8-1build1) ... selecting previously unselected package gdb. preparing to unpack .../02-gdb_9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.1_amd64.deb ... unpacking gdb (9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) ... selecting previously unselected package gdbserver. preparing to unpack .../03-gdbserver_9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.1_amd64.deb ... unpacking gdbserver (9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) ... selecting previously unselected package libatomic1:amd64. preparing to unpack .../04-libatomic1_10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04_amd64.deb ... unpacking libatomic1:amd64 (10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... selecting previously unselected package libc++abi1-10:amd64. preparing to unpack .../05-libc++abi1-10_1%3a10.0.0-4ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... unpacking libc++abi1-10:amd64 (1:10.0.0-4ubuntu1) ... selecting previously unselected package libc++1-10:amd64. preparing to unpack .../06-libc++1-10_1%3a10.0.0-4ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... unpacking libc++1-10:amd64 (1:10.0.0-4ubuntu1) ... selecting previously unselected package libcc1-0:amd64. preparing to unpack .../07-libcc1-0_10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04_amd64.deb ... unpacking libcc1-0:amd64 (10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... selecting previously unselected package libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit:amd64. preparing to unpack .../08-libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit_2.1.27+dfsg-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ... unpacking libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit:amd64 (2.1.27+dfsg-2ubuntu0.1) ... selecting previously unselected package libc++1:amd64. preparing to unpack .../09-libc++1_1%3a10.0-50~exp1_amd64.deb ... unpacking libc++1:amd64 (1:10.0-50~exp1) ... selecting previously unselected package libc6-dbg:amd64. preparing to unpack .../10-libc6-dbg_2.31-0ubuntu9.9_amd64.deb ... unpacking libc6-dbg:amd64 (2.31-0ubuntu9.9) ... selecting previously unselected package libsss-nss-idmap0. preparing to unpack .../11-libsss-nss-idmap0_2.2.3-3ubuntu0.10_amd64.deb ... unpacking libsss-nss-idmap0 (2.2.3-3ubuntu0.10) ... selecting previously unselected package mssql-server. preparing to unpack .../12-mssql-server_15.0.4298.1-1_amd64.deb ... unpacking mssql-server (15.0.4298.1-1) ... setting up libdw1:amd64 (0.176-1.1build1) ... setting up libc6-dbg:amd64 (2.31-0ubuntu9.9) ... setting up libatomic1:amd64 (10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... setting up libbabeltrace1:amd64 (1.5.8-1build1) ... setting up libc++abi1-10:amd64 (1:10.0.0-4ubuntu1) ... setting up gdbserver (9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) ... setting up libsss-nss-idmap0 (2.2.3-3ubuntu0.10) ... setting up libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit:amd64 (2.1.27+dfsg-2ubuntu0.1) ... setting up libcc1-0:amd64 (10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... setting up libc++1-10:amd64 (1:10.0.0-4ubuntu1) ... setting up gdb (9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) ... setting up libc++1:amd64 (1:10.0-50~exp1) ... setting up mssql-server (15.0.4298.1-1) ... +--------------------------------------------------------------+ please run 'sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup' to complete the setup of microsoft sql server +--------------------------------------------------------------+ processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ... processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.9) ...
（4）包安装完成后，运行 mssql-conf setup，按照提示设置 sa 密码并选择版本。sql server 免费提供许可的版本：
- evaluation 版。
- developer 版。
- express 版。
sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup
请记住为 sa 帐户指定强密码。 需要最小长度为 8 个字符，包括大写和小写字母、十进制数字和/或非字母数字符号。
设置过程：
choose an edition of sql server: 1) evaluation (free, no production use rights, 180-day limit) 2) developer (free, no production use rights) 3) express (free) 4) web (paid) 5) standard (paid) 6) enterprise (paid) - cpu core utilization restricted to 20 physical/40 hyperthreaded 7) enterprise core (paid) - cpu core utilization up to operating system maximum 8) i bought a license through a retail sales channel and have a product key to enter. details about editions can be found at https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2109348&clcid=0x409 use of paid editions of this software requires separate licensing through a microsoft volume licensing program. by choosing a paid edition, you are verifying that you have the appropriate number of licenses in place to install and run this software. enter your edition(1-8): 3 the license terms for this product can be found in /usr/share/doc/mssql-server or downloaded from: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2104294&clcid=0x409 the privacy statement can be viewed at: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=853010&clcid=0x409 do you accept the license terms? [yes/no]:yes enter the sql server system administrator password: confirm the sql server system administrator password: configuring sql server... the licensing pid was successfully processed. the new edition is [express edition]. forceflush is enabled for this instance. forceflush feature is enabled for log durability. created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mssql-server.service → /lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service. setup has completed successfully. sql server is now starting.
- sql server的版本选择：express (free)。
- do you accept the license terms? [yes/no]:yes。
- sql server密码：fly123456。
（5）完成配置后，验证服务是否正在运行：
systemctl status mssql-server --no-pager
输出：
● mssql-server.service - microsoft sql server database engine
loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
active: active (running) since thu 2023-03-30 03:08:42 utc; 2min 19s ago
docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux
main pid: 54788 (sqlservr)
tasks: 121
memory: 796.3m
cgroup: /system.slice/mssql-server.service
├─54788 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
└─55080 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
三、安装 sql server 命令行工具
若要创建数据库，则需要使用可在 sql server 上运行 transact-sql 语句的工具进行连接。
（1）安装 curl：
sudo apt-get update sudo apt install curl
（2）导入公共存储库 gpg 密钥。
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/microsoft.asc
输出：
% total % received % xferd average speed time time time current
dload upload total spent left speed
100 983 100 983 0 0 2482 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 2482
-----begin pgp public key block-----
version: gnupg v1.4.7 (gnu/linux)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=j6gs
-----end pgp public key block-----
（3）注册 ubuntu 存储库。
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/prod.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/msprod.list
（4）更新源列表，并使用 unixodbc 开发人员包运行安装命令。
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mssql-tools unixodbc-dev
通过运行以下命令将 mssql-tools 更新至最新版本：
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mssql-tools
（5）将 /opt/mssql-tools/bin/ 添加到 path环境变量，以便可从 bash shell 访问 sqlcmd 或 bcp。
echo 'export path="$path:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile
或者
echo 'export path="$path:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc source ~/.bashrc
四、本地连接
使用 sql server 名称 (-s)、用户名 (-u) 和密码 (-p) 的相应参数运行 sqlcmd。 用户进行本地连接，服务器名称为 localhost。 用户名为 sa，密码是在安装过程中为 sa 帐户提供的密码。
sqlcmd -s localhost -u sa -p '<yourpassword>'
可以在命令行上省略密码，以收到密码输入提示。
如果以后决定进行远程连接，请为 -s 参数指定计算机名称或 ip 地址，并确保防火墙上的端口 1433 已打开。
（1）如果成功，应会显示 sqlcmd 命令提示符：
1>
（2）如果连接失败，先尝试诊断错误消息中所述的问题。 然后查看连接故障排除建议。
五、创建和查询数据
5.1、新建数据库
（1）在 sqlcmd 命令提示符中创建一个名为 testdb 的新数据库。
create database testdb;
（2）查询以返回服务器上所有数据库的名称：
select name from sys.databases;
（3）前两个命令没有立即执行。 必须在新行中键入 go 才能执行以前的命令：
go
输出：
name -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- master tempdb model msdb testdb (5 rows affected)
5.2、插入数据
（1）将上下文切换到新的 testdb 数据库：
use testdb;
（2）创建名为 dbo.inventory 的新表：
create table dbo.inventory ( id int, name nvarchar(50), quantity int);
（3）将数据插入新表：
insert into dbo.inventory values (1, 'banana', 150); insert into dbo.inventory values (2, 'orange', 154);
（4）要执行上述命令的类型 go：
go
5.3、查询数据
（1）返回 dbo.inventory 表中数量大于 152 的行：
select * from dbo.inventory where quantity > 152;
（2）执行go命令：
go
输出：
id name quantity
----------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------
2 orange 154
(1 rows affected)
5.4、退出 sqlcmd 命令提示符
要结束 sqlcmd 会话，请键入 quit：
quit
注意，没有分号。
总结
如果有一台可以连接到 linux 计算机的 windows 计算机，请从运行 sqlcmd 的 windows 命令提示符尝试执行本主题中的相同步骤。 必须使用目标 linux 计算机名称或 ip 地址，而不是 localhost，并确保 tcp 端口 1433 已在 sql server 计算机上打开。 如果从 windows 进行连接存在任何问题，请参阅连接故障排除建议。
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