C#调用Windows API实现彻底清空回收站

hresult shemptyrecyclebin(
  hwnd   hwnd,
  lpcstr pszrootpath,
  dword  dwflags
);

using system;
using system.runtime.interopservices;

namespace recyclebinutility
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 清空回收站的操作标志
    /// </summary>
    [flags]
    public enum recyclebinflags : uint
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 不显示确认对话框
        /// </summary>
        sherb_noconfirmation = 0x00000001,
        /// <summary>
        /// 不显示进度窗口
        /// </summary>
        sherb_noprogressui = 0x00000002,
        /// <summary>
        /// 操作完成后不播放声音
        /// </summary>
        sherb_nosound = 0x00000004
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 提供清空回收站功能的静态类
    /// </summary>
    public static class recyclebinhelper
    {
        // 导入 shell32.dll 中的 shemptyrecyclebin 函数
        [dllimport("shell32.dll", charset = charset.auto)]
        private static extern int shemptyrecyclebin(intptr hwnd, string pszrootpath, recyclebinflags dwflags);

        /// <summary>
        /// 清空回收站
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="rootpath">要清空的回收站根路径（如“c:\”）。为null或空字符串则清空所有驱动器。</param>
        /// <param name="flags">清空操作的标志组合。</param>
        /// <returns>操作是否成功。成功返回true，失败返回false。</returns>
        public static bool emptyrecyclebin(string rootpath = null, recyclebinflags flags = recyclebinflags.sherb_noconfirmation | recyclebinflags.sherb_noprogressui)
        {
            try
            {
                // 调用windows api
                int result = shemptyrecyclebin(intptr.zero, rootpath, flags);
                
                // 根据windows api约定，返回值为0（s_ok）表示成功
                return result == 0;
            }
            catch (exception ex)
            {
                // 在实际项目中，你可能需要记录这个异常
                // 例如：log.error($"清空回收站失败。路径：{rootpath}", ex);
                console.writeline($"清空回收站时发生异常：{ex.message}");
                return false;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 清空所有驱动器上的回收站（静默方式，无确认无进度）
        /// </summary>
        public static bool emptyallrecyclebinssilently()
        {
            return emptyrecyclebin(null, recyclebinflags.sherb_noconfirmation | recyclebinflags.sherb_noprogressui | recyclebinflags.sherb_nosound);
        }
    }
}

// 场景1：静默清空所有回收站（最常见）
private void btnemptyallsilently_click(object sender, eventargs e)
{
    bool success = recyclebinhelper.emptyallrecyclebinssilently();
    if (success)
    {
        messagebox.show("回收站已清空！");
    }
    else
    {
        messagebox.show("清空回收站失败，请检查系统权限或回收站状态。");
    }
}

// 场景2：清空特定驱动器（如d盘）的回收站，并显示进度条
private void btnemptydrived_click(object sender, eventargs e)
{
    // 不传 sherb_noprogressui，就会显示进度窗口
    var flags = recyclebinflags.sherb_noconfirmation; // 只有无确认标志
    bool success = recyclebinhelper.emptyrecyclebin("d:\\", flags);
    // ... 处理结果
}

// 场景3：清空所有回收站，但需要用户确认
private void btnemptywithconfirm_click(object sender, eventargs e)
{
    // 不传 sherb_noconfirmation，系统会弹出确认对话框
    // 传入当前窗体的句柄作为父窗口
    // 注意：这里需要修改emptyrecyclebin方法，接受hwnd参数，为了示例清晰，暂不展开。
    // 一种简单做法是：flags = 0 (recyclebinflags)0
    var flags = (recyclebinflags)0; // 什么特殊标志都不加
    bool success = recyclebinhelper.emptyrecyclebin(null, flags);
    // 如果用户点了取消，api会返回错误码，success将为false。
}

private async void btnemptyasync_click(object sender, eventargs e)
{
    btnemptyasync.enabled = false;
    this.cursor = cursors.waitcursor;
    lblstatus.text = “正在清空回收站...”；

    try
    {
        // 在后台线程执行清空操作
        bool success = await task.run(() => recyclebinhelper.emptyallrecyclebinssilently());

        if (success)
        {
            lblstatus.text = “回收站已清空！”；
        }
        else
        {
            lblstatus.text = “操作失败或已取消。”；
        }
    }
    catch (exception ex)
    {
        lblstatus.text = $“发生错误：{ex.message}”；
    }
    finally
    {
        btnemptyasync.enabled = true;
        this.cursor = cursors.default;
    }
}

[structlayout(layoutkind.sequential)]
public struct shqueryrbinfo
{
    public int cbsize; // 结构体大小
    public long i64size; // 回收站总大小（字节）
    public long i64numitems; // 回收站中项目总数
}

[dllimport("shell32.dll", charset = charset.auto)]
private static extern int shqueryrecyclebin(string pszrootpath, ref shqueryrbinfo pshqueryrbinfo);

/// <summary>
/// 获取回收站信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rootpath">驱动器根路径，null表示所有驱动器</param>
/// <param name="totalsize">输出参数，回收站总大小（字节）</param>
/// <param name="itemcount">输出参数，回收站中项目总数</param>
/// <returns>是否成功</returns>
public static bool queryrecyclebininfo(string rootpath, out long totalsize, out long itemcount)
{
    totalsize = 0;
    itemcount = 0;
    shqueryrbinfo info = new shqueryrbinfo();
    info.cbsize = marshal.sizeof(info); // 关键！必须正确设置结构体大小

    int result = shqueryrecyclebin(rootpath, ref info);
    if (result == 0)
    {
        totalsize = info.i64size;
        itemcount = info.i64numitems;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

[dllimport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern uint getlasterror();

public static bool emptyrecyclebinwithdetail(...)
{
    // ... 调用 shemptyrecyclebin
    if(result != 0)
    {
        uint errorcode = getlasterror();
        string errormsg = new system.componentmodel.win32exception((int)errorcode).message;
        console.writeline($“api调用失败，错误码：{errorcode}， 信息：{errormsg}”);
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

private static readonly object _recyclebinlock = new object();

public static bool emptyrecyclebinthreadsafe(...)
{
    lock (_recyclebinlock)
    {
        return emptyrecyclebin(...);
    }
}

using system;
using system.windows.forms;
using system.io;
using system.threading.tasks;

namespace recyclebincleaner
{
    public partial class mainform : form
    {
        public mainform()
        {
            initializecomponent();
            loaddrives();
        }

        // 加载所有本地驱动器
        private void loaddrives()
        {
            comboboxdrives.items.clear();
            comboboxdrives.items.add(“(所有驱动器)”);
            foreach (driveinfo drive in driveinfo.getdrives())
            {
                if (drive.drivetype == drivetype.fixed) // 只列出本地硬盘
                {
                    comboboxdrives.items.add(drive.name);
                }
            }
            if (comboboxdrives.items.count > 0)
                comboboxdrives.selectedindex = 0;
        }

        // 查询按钮点击事件
        private void btnquery_click(object sender, eventargs e)
        {
            string selectedpath = comboboxdrives.selecteditem.tostring();
            string rootpath = (selectedpath == “(所有驱动器)”) ? null : selectedpath;

            if (recyclebinhelper.queryrecyclebininfo(rootpath, out long totalsize, out long itemcount))
            {
                string sizetext = formatfilesize(totalsize);
                lblstatus.text = $“回收站状态：{itemcount} 个项目，共 {sizetext}”；
            }
            else
            {
                lblstatus.text = “查询回收站信息失败。”；
            }
        }

        // 静默清空按钮点击事件（异步）
        private async void btnemptysilently_click(object sender, eventargs e)
        {
            string selectedpath = comboboxdrives.selecteditem.tostring();
            string rootpath = (selectedpath == “(所有驱动器)”) ? null : selectedpath;

            btnemptysilently.enabled = false;
            lblstatus.text = “正在清空...”；

            bool success = await task.run(() =>
                recyclebinhelper.emptyrecyclebin(rootpath,
                    recyclebinflags.sherb_noconfirmation | recyclebinflags.sherb_noprogressui)
            );

            lblstatus.text = success ? “清空完成！” ： “清空失败。”；
            btnemptysilently.enabled = true;

            // 清空后刷新状态
            if(success) btnquery.performclick();
        }

        // 带确认的清空按钮点击事件
        private void btnemptywithconfirm_click(object sender, eventargs e)
        {
            string selectedpath = comboboxdrives.selecteditem.tostring();
            string rootpath = (selectedpath == “(所有驱动器)”) ? null : selectedpath;

            // 注意：这里flags为0，会弹出系统确认框。
            // 父窗口句柄传入this.handle，让对话框模态化。
            bool success = recyclebinhelper.emptyrecyclebin(rootpath, (recyclebinflags)0);
            // 由于是模态对话框，代码会在此阻塞，直到用户操作完成。

            lblstatus.text = success ? “已清空。” ： “用户取消或操作失败。”；
            if(success) btnquery.performclick();
        }

        // 辅助方法：格式化文件大小
        private string formatfilesize(long bytes)
        {
            string[] suffixes = { “b”, “kb”, “mb”, “gb”, “tb” };
            int counter = 0;
            double number = bytes;
            while (math.round(number / 1024) >= 1)
            {
                number = number / 1024;
                counter++;
            }
            return string.format(“{0:n1} {1}”, number, suffixes[counter]);
        }
    }
}