Windows环境下Python环境安装全过程_Python

windows下python环境安装

到 python 官网下载：

https://www.python.org/downloads/

我选择 windows embeddable package(64 bit)：

下载到本地后，是一个 zip 包：python-3.10.8-embed-amd64，我把它解压后放到这个文件夹：c:\app\python-3.10.8-embed-amd64

然后添加环境变量 path：

之后打开一个命令行窗口，输入 python 回车，看到输出版本号，说明环境变量生效了：

新建一个 1.py 文件，内容如下：

print('hello world!')

执行命令行 python 1.py, 能看到 hello world 的输出：

一些常见错误

modulenotfounderror: no module named ‘pil’

首先我们要安装 python 的包管理工具 pip.

官网：https://pypi.org/project/pip/

我发现官网对 embeddable 包的解释是，它是 python 的最小包，适合嵌入到更大的应用程序中。

还是下载一个全家桶吧，毕竟这是官网推荐：

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3108/

选择自定义安装方式：

然后执行 pip instal pillow 安装对应的开发包，扩展名为 whl:

成功安装。

然后执行下面这段 python 代码：

import base64
import re
from io import bytesio
from pil import image

# 随机字符串
char = list('m3nb6q#oc?7>!:–;. ')

# 颜色值映射字符串
def get_char(r, g, b, alpha=256):
    if alpha == 0:
        return ' '

    grey = (2126 * r + 7152 * g + 722 * b) / 10000

    char_idx = int((grey / (alpha + 1.0)) * len(char))
    return char[char_idx]

# 图片 base64 字符串
img_base64 = '''data:image/png;base64,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'''

# 正则删除头部信息，即 data uri scheme
image_data = re.sub('^data:image/.+;base64,', '', img_base64)
# 打开图片
img = image.open(bytesio(base64.b64decode(image_data)))

img_widht = img.size[0]
img_height = img.size[1]

# 设定缩放比例
scale_width = 0.3  # 0.75
scale_height = 0.1  # 0.5

# 缩放图片
img = img.resize((int(img_widht*scale_width),
                 int(img_height*scale_height)), image.nearest)

# 输出的字符画
text = ''
for i in range(int(img_height*scale_height)):
    for j in range(int(img_widht*scale_width)):
        text += get_char(*img.getpixel((j, i)))
    text += '\n'

print(text)

成功输出如下结果：

本例代码里我使用的是硬编码的图片的 base64 编码值。

试下这段代码：

from pil import image
 
file_path = 'c:\temp\cy.png'
 
img = image.open(file_path)
imgsize = img.size  #大小/尺寸
w = img.width       #图片的宽
h = img.height      #图片的高
f = img.format      #图像格式
 
print(imgsize)
print(w, h, f)

执行代码，遇到如下错误：

traceback (most recent call last):
file “c:\temp\2.py”, line 5, in
img = image.open(file_path)
file “c:\app\python3108\lib\site-packages\pil\image.py”, line 3092, in open
fp = builtins.open(filename, “rb”)
oserror: [errno 22] invalid argument: ‘c:\temp\cy.png’

把绝对路径里的 \ 替换成 / 即可正常工作：