Linux查看系统内核版本的方法总结

uname -r

5.15.0-76-generic

uname -a

linux myhost 5.15.0-76-generic #83-ubuntu smp thu jun 15 19:16:32 utc 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 gnu/linux

cat /proc/version

linux version 5.15.0-76-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-045) (gcc (ubuntu 11.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.3.0, gnu ld (gnu binutils for ubuntu) 2.38) #83-ubuntu smp thu jun 15 19:16:32 utc 2023

hostnamectl

   static hostname: myhost
         icon name: computer-vm
           chassis: vm
        machine id: 1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef
           boot id: abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890ab
    virtualization: kvm
  operating system: ubuntu 22.04.2 lts
            kernel: linux 5.15.0-76-generic
      architecture: x86-64

lsb_release -a && echo "kernel: $(uname -r)"

no lsb modules are available.
distributor id: ubuntu
description:    ubuntu 22.04.2 lts
release:        22.04
codename:       jammy
kernel: 5.15.0-76-generic

dmesg | grep -i "linux version"

[    0.000000] linux version 5.15.0-76-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-045) (gcc (ubuntu 11.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.3.0, gnu ld (gnu binutils for ubuntu) 2.38) #83-ubuntu smp thu jun 15 19:16:32 utc 2023

#include <sys/utsname.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    struct utsname u;
    uname(&u);
    printf("system: %s\n", u.sysname);
    printf("node: %s\n", u.nodename);
    printf("release: %s\n", u.release);     // ← 这就是内核版本
    printf("version: %s\n", u.version);
    printf("machine: %s\n", u.machine);
    return 0;
}

gcc -o kernel_info kernel_info.c
./kernel_info

system: linux
node: myhost
release: 5.15.0-76-generic
version: #83-ubuntu smp thu jun 15 19:16:32 utc 2023
machine: x86_64

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.file.files;
import java.nio.file.paths;
import java.util.stream.collectors;

public class linuxkernelversionfetcher {

    /**
     * 使用 runtime.exec 执行 uname -r 获取内核版本
     */
    public static string getkernelversionviauname() {
        try {
            process process = runtime.getruntime().exec("uname -r");
            bufferedreader reader = new bufferedreader(new inputstreamreader(process.getinputstream()));
            string version = reader.lines().collect(collectors.joining("\n")).trim();
            process.waitfor();
            return version.isempty() ? "unknown" : version;
        } catch (exception e) {
            system.err.println("failed to execute uname -r: " + e.getmessage());
            return "error: " + e.getclass().getsimplename();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 读取 /proc/version 文件内容
     */
    public static string getkernelversionviaproc() {
        try {
            string content = files.readstring(paths.get("/proc/version"));
            return content.split(" ")[2]; // 提取 "linux version 5.xx.xx-xx" 中的第三部分
        } catch (exception e) {
            system.err.println("failed to read /proc/version: " + e.getmessage());
            return "error: " + e.getclass().getsimplename();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 使用 processbuilder（推荐方式，更灵活）
     */
    public static string getkernelversionviaprocessbuilder() {
        try {
            processbuilder pb = new processbuilder("uname", "-r");
            pb.redirecterrorstream(true); // 合并错误流
            process process = pb.start();

            bufferedreader reader = new bufferedreader(new inputstreamreader(process.getinputstream()));
            string version = reader.lines().collect(collectors.joining()).trim();
            int exitcode = process.waitfor();

            if (exitcode != 0) {
                return "command failed with exit code: " + exitcode;
            }

            return version.isempty() ? "unknown" : version;
        } catch (exception e) {
            system.err.println("processbuilder failed: " + e.getmessage());
            return "error: " + e.getclass().getsimplename();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 综合方法：优先尝试 uname，失败再尝试 /proc/version
     */
    public static string getkernelversionrobust() {
        string version = getkernelversionviauname();
        if (version.startswith("error") || version.equals("unknown")) {
            version = getkernelversionviaproc();
        }
        return version;
    }

    /**
     * 输出格式化信息
     */
    public static void printkernelinfo() {
        system.out.println("==================================");
        system.out.println("🐧 linux kernel version report");
        system.out.println("==================================");
        system.out.println("via uname -r: " + getkernelversionviauname());
        system.out.println("via /proc/version: " + getkernelversionviaproc());
        system.out.println("via processbuilder: " + getkernelversionviaprocessbuilder());
        system.out.println("robust method: " + getkernelversionrobust());
        system.out.println("==================================");
    }

    public static void main(string[] args) {
        printkernelinfo();
    }
}

==================================
🐧 linux kernel version report
==================================
via uname -r: 5.15.0-76-generic
via /proc/version: 5.15.0-76-generic
via processbuilder: 5.15.0-76-generic
robust method: 5.15.0-76-generic
==================================

#!/bin/bash

log_file="/var/log/kernel_version.log"
current_kernel=$(uname -r)
timestamp=$(date '+%y-%m-%d %h:%m:%s')

# 如果日志文件不存在，创建并写入标题
if [ ! -f "$log_file" ]; then
    echo "timestamp,kernelversion" > "$log_file"
fi

# 读取最后一行内核版本（跳过标题）
last_recorded=$(tail -n 1 "$log_file" 2>/dev/null | cut -d',' -f2)

# 如果与上次不同，则追加记录
if [ "$current_kernel" != "$last_recorded" ]; then
    echo "$timestamp,$current_kernel" >> "$log_file"
    echo "[$timestamp] kernel changed to: $current_kernel" | logger -t kernel-monitor
fi

echo "current kernel: $current_kernel"

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/monitor-kernel.sh

crontab -e

0 * * * * /usr/local/bin/monitor-kernel.sh

timestamp,kernelversion
2024-05-01 10:00:00,5.15.0-75-generic
2024-05-02 14:00:00,5.15.0-76-generic

docker run --rm ubuntu:22.04 uname -r

5.15.0-76-generic

# 在宿主机：
uname -r

# 在容器内：
docker run --rm alpine sh -c "uname -r"

#!/bin/bash

current=$(uname -r | cut -d'-' -f1)  # 去掉后缀如 -generic
threshold="5.15.0"

# 版本比较函数（仅适用于三位数字版本）
version_gt() { test "$(printf '%s\n' "$@" | sort -v | head -n 1)" != "$1"; }

if version_gt $threshold $current; then
    echo "🚨 warning: your kernel ($current) is older than recommended ($threshold)"
else
    echo "✅ ok: kernel version $current meets minimum requirement"
fi

@restcontroller
@requestmapping("/system")
public class systeminfocontroller {

    @getmapping("/kernel")
    public responseentity<map<string, string>> getkernelversion() {
        map<string, string> info = new hashmap<>();
        info.put("kernel_version", linuxkernelversionfetcher.getkernelversionrobust());
        info.put("os_name", system.getproperty("os.name"));
        info.put("os_arch", system.getproperty("os.arch"));
        info.put("java_version", system.getproperty("java.version"));
        return responseentity.ok(info);
    }
}

{
  "kernel_version": "5.15.0-76-generic",
  "os_name": "linux",
  "os_arch": "amd64",
  "java_version": "17.0.8"
}

@component
public class cachedkernelinfo {

    private string cachedversion;
    private long lastfetched;

    private static final long cache_duration_ms = 5 * 60 * 1000; // 5分钟

    public synchronized string getkernelversion() {
        long now = system.currenttimemillis();
        if (cachedversion == null || (now - lastfetched) > cache_duration_ms) {
            cachedversion = linuxkernelversionfetcher.getkernelversionrobust();
            lastfetched = now;
        }
        return cachedversion;
    }
}

public static boolean islinux() {
    return system.getproperty("os.name").tolowercase().contains("linux");
}

process process = pb.start();
boolean completed = process.waitfor(10, timeunit.seconds); // 最多等待10秒
if (!completed) {
    process.destroyforcibly();
    return "timeout";
}

sudo apt install neofetch    # ubuntu/debian
sudo dnf install neofetch    # fedora/centos

neofetch