基于Python+PyQt5+Pandas编写的带图形界面的Excel合并工具_Python

引言

在日常办公或数据处理中，经常会遇到多个 excel 文件需要合并的场景。手工复制不仅效率低，而且容易出错。

本文将手把手教你使用 python + pyqt5 + pandas 编写一个带图形界面的 excel 合并工具，支持：

选择文件夹
自动读取多个 .xlsx 文件
不同列自动对齐合并
一键生成合并后的 excel 文件
自带程序图标（base64 内嵌）

一、效果预览

功能说明：

选择包含多个 .xlsx 文件的文件夹
自动显示文件列表
点击「合并 excel 文件」
在当前目录生成 合并.xlsx

二、环境准备

1、python 版本

2、安装依赖

pip install pyqt5 pandas openpyxl

说明：

库名	用途
pyqt5	gui 图形界面
pandas	excel 数据处理
openpyxl	读取 / 写入 xlsx

三、功能设计说明

1、合并逻辑说明

逐个读取 excel 文件
自动收集 所有出现过的列
不同文件中缺失的列自动补 nan
最终按列名对齐合并

示意：

文件	列
a.xlsx	姓名、年龄
b.xlsx	姓名、性别
合并结果	姓名、年龄、性别

2、gui 组件说明

组件	功能
qlabel	提示文本
qpushbutton	选择文件夹 / 合并
qfiledialog	目录选择
qtablewidget	文件列表
qmessagebox	完成 / 错误提示

四、完整源码（可直接运行）

代码内嵌 base64 图标，首次运行会自动生成 icon.png

import sys
import os
import pandas as pd
import base64
from pyqt5.qtwidgets import (
    qapplication, qwidget, qmessagebox, qpushbutton,
    qfiledialog, qvboxlayout, qlabel, qtablewidget, qtablewidgetitem
)
from pyqt5.qtgui import qicon, qpixmap

base64 图标处理

base64_icon = "data:image/png;base64,......(略)"
icon_data = base64_icon.split(',')[1]
icon_bytes = base64.b64decode(icon_data)

主窗口类

class excelmergerapp(qwidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initui()

初始化 ui

def initui(self):
    self.setwindowtitle('xlsx多个文件合并')
    self.setgeometry(100, 100, 800, 500)

    if os.path.exists('icon.png'):
        self.setwindowicon(qicon('icon.png'))
    else:
        pixmap = qpixmap()
        pixmap.loadfromdata(icon_bytes)
        self.setwindowicon(qicon(pixmap))
        pixmap.save('icon.png', 'png')

    self.info_label = qlabel('选择包含要合并的excel文件的文件夹:')
    self.select_folder_button = qpushbutton('选择文件夹')
    self.merge_button = qpushbutton('合并excel文件')
    self.folder_label = qlabel('')

    self.file_table = qtablewidget()
    self.file_table.setcolumncount(1)
    self.file_table.sethorizontalheaderlabels(['文件列表'])

    layout = qvboxlayout()
    layout.addwidget(self.info_label)
    layout.addwidget(self.select_folder_button)
    layout.addwidget(self.folder_label)
    layout.addwidget(self.file_table)
    layout.addwidget(self.merge_button)

    self.setlayout(layout)

    self.select_folder_button.clicked.connect(self.get_folder)
    self.merge_button.clicked.connect(self.merge_excel_files)

选择文件夹 & 显示文件列表

def get_folder(self):
    folder = qfiledialog.getexistingdirectory(self, "选择包含excel文件的文件夹")
    if folder:
        self.folder_path = folder
        self.folder_label.settext(f'选择的文件夹: {folder}')
        self.populate_file_table()

def populate_file_table(self):
    files = [f for f in os.listdir(self.folder_path) if f.endswith('.xlsx')]
    files.sort()
    self.file_table.setrowcount(len(files))
    for i, f in enumerate(files):
        self.file_table.setitem(i, 0, qtablewidgetitem(f))

excel 合并核心逻辑

def merge_excel_files(self):
    if not hasattr(self, 'folder_path'):
        qmessagebox.critical(self, '错误', '请先选择文件夹')
        return

    merged_df = pd.dataframe()

    for row in range(self.file_table.rowcount()):
        file_name = self.file_table.item(row, 0).text()
        file_path = os.path.join(self.folder_path, file_name)
        df = pd.read_excel(file_path)

        for col in df.columns:
            if col not in merged_df.columns:
                merged_df[col] = none

        merged_df = pd.concat([merged_df, df], ignore_index=true)

    output_path = os.path.join(self.folder_path, '合并.xlsx')
    merged_df.to_excel(output_path, index=false)

    qmessagebox.information(self, '完成', f'合并完成，文件保存到:\n{output_path}')

程序入口

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = qapplication(sys.argv)
    window = excelmergerapp()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

完整代码

import sys
import os
import pandas as pd
from pyqt5.qtwidgets import qapplication, qwidget,qmessagebox, qpushbutton, qfiledialog, qvboxlayout, qlabel, qtablewidget, qtablewidgetitem
from pyqt5.qtcore import qt,qbytearray
from pyqt5.qtgui import qicon, qpixmap
import base64
base64_icon = "data:image/png;base64,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icon_data = base64_icon.split(',')[1]
icon_bytes = base64.b64decode(icon_data)
class excelmergerapp(qwidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initui()

    def initui(self):
        self.setwindowtitle('xlsx多个文件合并')
        self.setgeometry(100, 100, 800, 500)
        if os.path.exists('icon.png'):
            icon = qicon('icon.png')
            self.setwindowicon(icon)
        else:
             # 将字节数据转换为 qpixmap
            pixmap = qpixmap()
            pixmap.loadfromdata(icon_bytes)

            # 创建 qicon 并将其设置为窗口图标
            icon = qicon(pixmap)
            self.setwindowicon(icon)
            pixmap.save('icon.png', 'png')
        

        self.info_label = qlabel('选择包含要合并的excel文件的文件夹:')
        self.select_folder_button = qpushbutton('选择文件夹')
        self.merge_button = qpushbutton('合并excel文件')

        self.folder_label = qlabel('')
        
        self.file_table = qtablewidget()
        self.file_table.setcolumncount(1)
        self.file_table.sethorizontalheaderlabels(['文件列表'])

        layout = qvboxlayout()
        layout.addwidget(self.info_label)
        layout.addwidget(self.select_folder_button)
        layout.addwidget(self.folder_label)
        layout.addwidget(self.file_table)
        layout.addwidget(self.merge_button)
        layout.addstretch()  
        self.setlayout(layout)

        self.select_folder_button.clicked.connect(self.get_folder)
        self.merge_button.clicked.connect(self.merge_excel_files)

    def get_folder(self):
        folder = qfiledialog.getexistingdirectory(self, "选择包含excel文件的文件夹")
        if folder:
            self.folder_path = folder
            self.folder_label.settext(f'选择的文件夹: {folder}')
            self.populate_file_table()

    def populate_file_table(self):
        file_names = [file for file in os.listdir(self.folder_path) if file.endswith(".xlsx")]
        file_names.sort()  # sort the file names
        self.file_table.setrowcount(len(file_names))
        for i, file_name in enumerate(file_names):
            item = qtablewidgetitem(file_name)
            self.file_table.setitem(i, 0, item)

    def merge_excel_files(self):
        if hasattr(self, 'folder_path'):
            # 添加您在上面的代码中执行的excel文件合并操作
            unique_columns = pd.dataframe()
            for row in range(self.file_table.rowcount()):
                file_name = self.file_table.item(row, 0).text()
                file_path = os.path.join(self.folder_path, file_name)
                df = pd.read_excel(file_path)
                file_columns = df.columns
                for column in file_columns:
                    if column not in unique_columns.columns:
                        unique_columns[column] = none
                unique_columns = pd.concat([unique_columns, df[file_columns]], ignore_index=true)

            # 保存合并后的数据到output.xlsx文件，包括列名
            output_file = "合并.xlsx"
            output_file_path = os.path.join(self.folder_path, output_file)
            unique_columns.to_excel(output_file_path, index=false)
            msg = qmessagebox()
            icon = qicon("icon.png")
            msg.setwindowicon(icon)
            msg.seticon(qmessagebox.information)
            msg.settext(f'合并完成，结果保存到 {output_file_path}')
            msg.setwindowtitle('合并完成')
            msg.exec_()
        else:
            msg = qmessagebox()
            icon = qicon("icon.png")
            msg.setwindowicon(icon)
            msg.seticon(qmessagebox.critical)
            msg.settext('请选择文件夹以合并excel文件')
            msg.setwindowtitle('错误')
            msg.exec()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = qapplication(sys.argv)
    ex = excelmergerapp()
    ex.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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