SpringBoot从Service层获取request.getHeader()的几种方式_Java

在spring boot中，有几种方式可以从service层获取request.getheader()：

1.通过方法参数传递（推荐）

service接口：

@service
public class userservice {
    public string getuserinfo(string headervalue) {
        // 使用headervalue
        return "处理header: " + headervalue;
    }
}

controller层：

@restcontroller
public class usercontroller {
    
    @autowired
    private userservice userservice;
    
    @getmapping("/user")
    public string getuser(@requestheader("authorization") string token) {
        return userservice.getuserinfo(token);
    }
}

2.使用requestcontextholder（常用）

@service
public class userservice {
    
    public string getuserinfo() {
        // 获取httpservletrequest对象
        httpservletrequest request = ((servletrequestattributes) 
            requestcontextholder.getrequestattributes()).getrequest();
        
        // 获取特定header
        string token = request.getheader("authorization");
        string useragent = request.getheader("user-agent");
        
        // 获取所有header名称
        enumeration<string> headernames = request.getheadernames();
        
        return "token: " + token;
    }
}

3.通过threadlocal持有request

创建requestholder工具类：

@component
public class requestholder {
    
    private static final threadlocal<httpservletrequest> requestholder = new threadlocal<>();
    
    public static void setrequest(httpservletrequest request) {
        requestholder.set(request);
    }
    
    public static httpservletrequest getrequest() {
        return requestholder.get();
    }
    
    public static string getheader(string headername) {
        httpservletrequest request = getrequest();
        return request != null ? request.getheader(headername) : null;
    }
    
    public static void remove() {
        requestholder.remove();
    }
}

创建拦截器：

@component
public class requestinterceptor implements handlerinterceptor {
    
    @override
    public boolean prehandle(httpservletrequest request, 
                           httpservletresponse response, 
                           object handler) {
        requestholder.setrequest(request);
        return true;
    }
    
    @override
    public void aftercompletion(httpservletrequest request, 
                              httpservletresponse response, 
                              object handler, 
                              exception ex) {
        requestholder.remove(); // 防止内存泄漏
    }
}

注册拦截器：

@configuration
public class webconfig implements webmvcconfigurer {
    
    @autowired
    private requestinterceptor requestinterceptor;
    
    @override
    public void addinterceptors(interceptorregistry registry) {
        registry.addinterceptor(requestinterceptor);
    }
}

service中使用：

@service
public class userservice {
    
    public string getuserinfo() {
        string token = requestholder.getheader("authorization");
        return "token: " + token;
    }
}

4.注入httpservletrequest

@service
public class userservice {
    
    @autowired
    private httpservletrequest request;  // 需要@requestscope
    
    public string getuserinfo() {
        string token = request.getheader("authorization");
        return "token: " + token;
    }
}

注意：这种方式需要在spring boot 2.x及以上版本，并且service必须是requestscope。

@service
@requestscope
public class userservice {
    // ...
}

5.封装header信息到dto

headerdto：

@data
public class requestcontext {
    private string token;
    private string useragent;
    private string clientip;
    // 其他需要的header信息
}

controller：

@restcontroller
public class usercontroller {
    
    @autowired
    private userservice userservice;
    
    @getmapping("/user")
    public string getuser(httpservletrequest request) {
        requestcontext context = new requestcontext();
        context.settoken(request.getheader("authorization"));
        context.setuseragent(request.getheader("user-agent"));
        
        return userservice.getuserinfo(context);
    }
}

6.使用aop获取

@aspect
@component
public class requestaspect {
    
    @pointcut("execution(* com.example.service..*.*(..))")
    public void servicepointcut() {}
    
    @before("servicepointcut()")
    public void before(joinpoint joinpoint) {
        httpservletrequest request = ((servletrequestattributes) 
            requestcontextholder.getrequestattributes()).getrequest();
        
        // 可以将header信息放入mdc或threadlocal
        mdc.put("token", request.getheader("authorization"));
    }
}

最佳实践建议：

推荐方案1：通过方法参数传递，保持service层纯净
异步场景：如果需要跨线程，需要手动传递header信息
日志追踪：可以使用mdc存储traceid等跟踪信息
安全性：注意threadlocal的清理，避免内存泄漏

// 异步线程中传递header的示例
@async
public completablefuture<string> asyncprocess() {
    // 在主线程获取header
    string token = ((servletrequestattributes) 
        requestcontextholder.getrequestattributes())
        .getrequest()
        .getheader("authorization");
    
    return completablefuture.supplyasync(() -> {
        // 异步线程中无法直接获取requestcontextholder
        // 需要手动传递
        return processwithtoken(token);
    });
}

选择哪种方式取决于具体业务场景，一般来说，优先考虑方案1或方案2。

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