在企业级应用中,关键配置、业务数据变更的审计追踪是一个常见需求。无论是金融系统、电商平台还是配置管理,都需要回答几个基本问题:谁改了数据、什么时候改的、改了什么。
背景痛点
传统手工审计的问题
最直接的实现方式是在每个业务方法中手动记录审计日志:
public void updateprice(long productid, bigdecimal newprice) {
product old = productrepository.findbyid(productid).get();
productrepository.updateprice(productid, newprice);
// 手动记录变更
auditservice.save("价格从 " + old.getprice() + " 改为 " + newprice);
}
这种做法在项目初期还能应付,但随着业务复杂度增加,会暴露出几个明显问题:
代码重复:每个需要审计的方法都要写类似逻辑
维护困难:业务字段变更时,审计逻辑需要同步修改
格式不统一:不同开发者写的审计格式可能不一致
查询不便:字符串拼接的日志难以进行结构化查询
业务代码污染:审计逻辑与业务逻辑耦合在一起
实际遇到的问题
- 产品价格改错了,查了半天日志才找到是谁改的
- 配置被误删了,想恢复时发现没有详细的变更记录
- 审计要求越来越严格,手工记录的日志格式不规范
需求分析
基于实际需求,审计功能应具备以下特性:
核心需求
1. 零侵入性:业务代码不需要关心审计逻辑
2. 自动化:通过配置或注解就能启用审计功能
3. 精确记录:字段级别的变更追踪
4. 结构化存储:便于查询和分析的格式
5. 完整信息:包含操作人、时间、操作类型等元数据
技术选型考虑
本方案选择使用 javers 作为核心组件,主要考虑:
- 专业的对象差异比对算法
- spring boot 集成简单
- 支持多种存储后端
- json 输出友好
设计思路
整体架构
我们采用 aop + 注解的设计模式:
┌─────────────────┐
│ controller │
└─────────┬───────┘
│ aop 拦截
┌─────────▼───────┐
│ service │ ← 业务逻辑保持不变
└─────────┬───────┘
│
┌─────────▼───────┐
│ auditaspect │ ← 统一处理审计逻辑
└─────────┬───────┘
│
┌─────────▼───────┐
│ javers core │ ← 对象差异比对
└─────────┬───────┘
│
┌─────────▼───────┐
│ audit storage │ ← 结构化存储
└─────────────────┘
核心设计
1. 注解驱动:通过 @audit 注解标记需要审计的方法
2. 切面拦截:aop 自动拦截带注解的方法
3. 差异比对:使用 javers 比较对象变更
4. 统一存储:审计日志统一存储和查询
关键代码实现
项目依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactid>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupid>org.javers</groupid>
<artifactid>javers-core</artifactid>
<version>7.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupid>org.projectlombok</groupid>
<artifactid>lombok</artifactid>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
审计注解
@target(elementtype.method)
@retention(retentionpolicy.runtime)
public @interface audit {
// id字段名,用于从实体中提取id
string idfield() default "id";
// id参数名,直接从方法参数中获取id
string idparam() default "";
// 操作类型,根据方法名自动推断
actiontype action() default actiontype.auto;
// 操作人参数名
string actorparam() default "";
// 实体参数位置
int entityindex() default 0;
enum actiontype {
create, update, delete, auto
}
}
审计切面
@slf4j
@aspect
@component
@requiredargsconstructor
public class auditaspect {
private final javers javers;
// 内存存储审计日志(生产环境建议使用数据库)
private final list<auditlog> audittimeline = new copyonwritearraylist<>();
private final map<string, list<auditlog>> auditbyentity = new concurrenthashmap<>();
private final atomiclong auditsequence = new atomiclong(0);
// 数据快照存储
private final map<string, object> datastore = new concurrenthashmap<>();
@around("@annotation(auditannotation)")
public object auditmethod(proceedingjoinpoint joinpoint, audit auditannotation) throws throwable {
methodsignature signature = (methodsignature) joinpoint.getsignature();
method method = signature.getmethod();
string[] paramnames = signature.getparameternames();
object[] args = joinpoint.getargs();
// 提取实体id
string entityid = extractentityid(args, paramnames, auditannotation);
if (entityid == null) {
log.warn("无法提取实体id,跳过审计: {}", method.getname());
return joinpoint.proceed();
}
// 提取实体对象
object entity = null;
if (auditannotation.entityindex() >= 0 && auditannotation.entityindex() < args.length) {
entity = args[auditannotation.entityindex()];
}
// 提取操作人
string actor = extractactor(args, paramnames, auditannotation);
// 确定操作类型
audit.actiontype actiontype = determineactiontype(auditannotation, method.getname());
// 执行前快照
object beforesnapshot = datastore.get(buildkey(entityid));
// 执行原方法
object result = joinpoint.proceed();
// 执行后快照
object aftersnapshot = determineaftersnapshot(entity, actiontype);
// 比较差异并记录审计日志
diff diff = javers.compare(beforesnapshot, aftersnapshot);
if (diff.haschanges() || beforesnapshot == null || actiontype == audit.actiontype.delete) {
recordaudit(
entity != null ? entity.getclass().getsimplename() : "unknown",
entityid,
actiontype.name(),
actor,
javers.getjsonconverter().tojson(diff)
);
}
// 更新数据存储
if (actiontype != audit.actiontype.delete) {
datastore.put(buildkey(entityid), aftersnapshot);
} else {
datastore.remove(buildkey(entityid));
}
return result;
}
// 辅助方法:提取实体id
private string extractentityid(object[] args, string[] paramnames, audit audit) {
// 优先从方法参数中获取id
if (!audit.idparam().isempty() && paramnames != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < paramnames.length; i++) {
if (audit.idparam().equals(paramnames[i])) {
object idvalue = args[i];
return idvalue != null ? idvalue.tostring() : null;
}
}
}
return null;
}
// 其他辅助方法...
}
业务服务示例
@service
public class productservice {
private final map<string, product> products = new concurrenthashmap<>();
@audit(
action = audit.actiontype.create,
idparam = "id",
actorparam = "actor",
entityindex = 1
)
public product create(string id, productrequest request, string actor) {
product newproduct = new product(id, request.name(), request.price(), request.description());
return products.put(id, newproduct);
}
@audit(
action = audit.actiontype.update,
idparam = "id",
actorparam = "actor",
entityindex = 1
)
public product update(string id, productrequest request, string actor) {
product existingproduct = products.get(id);
if (existingproduct == null) {
throw new illegalargumentexception("产品不存在: " + id);
}
product updatedproduct = new product(id, request.name(), request.price(), request.description());
return products.put(id, updatedproduct);
}
@audit(
action = audit.actiontype.delete,
idparam = "id",
actorparam = "actor"
)
public boolean delete(string id, string actor) {
return products.remove(id) != null;
}
@audit(
idparam = "id",
actorparam = "actor",
entityindex = 1
)
public product upsert(string id, productrequest request, string actor) {
product newproduct = new product(id, request.name(), request.price(), request.description());
return products.put(id, newproduct);
}
}
审计日志实体
public record auditlog(
string id,
string entitytype,
string entityid,
string action,
string actor,
instant occurredat,
string diffjson
) {}
javers 配置
@configuration
public class javersconfig {
@bean
public javers javers() {
return javersbuilder.javers()
.withprettyprint(true)
.build();
}
}
应用场景示例
场景1:产品信息更新审计
操作请求:
put /api/products/prod-001
content-type: application/json
x-user: 张三
{
"name": "iphone 15",
"price": 99.99,
"description": "最新款手机"
}
审计日志结构:
{
"id": "1",
"entitytype": "product",
"entityid": "prod-001",
"action": "update",
"actor": "张三",
"occurredat": "2025-10-12t10:30:00z",
"diffjson": "{\"changes\":[{\"field\":\"price\",\"oldvalue\":100.00,\"newvalue\":99.99}]}"
}
diffjson 的具体内容:
{
"changes": [
{
"changetype": "valuechange",
"globalid": {
"valueobject": "com.example.objectversion.dto.productrequest"
},
"property": "price",
"propertychangetype": "property_value_changed",
"left": 100.00,
"right": 99.99
},
{
"changetype": "valuechange",
"globalid": {
"valueobject": "com.example.objectversion.dto.productrequest"
},
"property": "description",
"propertychangetype": "property_value_changed",
"left": null,
"right": "最新款手机"
}
]
}
场景2:完整操作历史查询
get /api/products/prod-001/audits
响应结果:
[
{
"id": "1",
"entitytype": "product",
"entityid": "prod-001",
"action": "create",
"actor": "system",
"occurredat": "2025-10-10t08:00:00z",
"diffjson": "{\"changes\":[{\"field\":\"name\",\"oldvalue\":null,\"newvalue\":\"iphone 15\"},{\"field\":\"price\",\"oldvalue\":null,\"newvalue\":100.00}]}"
},
{
"id": "2",
"entitytype": "product",
"entityid": "prod-001",
"action": "update",
"actor": "张三",
"occurredat": "2025-10-12t10:30:00z",
"diffjson": "{\"changes\":[{\"field\":\"price\",\"oldvalue\":100.00,\"newvalue\":99.99}]}"
}
]
场景3:删除操作审计
删除请求:
delete /api/products/prod-001 x-user: 李四
审计日志:
{
"id": "3",
"entitytype": "product",
"entityid": "prod-001",
"action": "delete",
"actor": "李四",
"occurredat": "2025-10-13t15:45:00z",
"diffjson": "{\"changes\":[]}"
}
场景4:批量操作审计
创建多个产品:
// 执行多次创建操作
productservice.create("prod-002", new productrequest("手机壳", 29.99, "透明保护壳"), "王五");
productservice.create("prod-003", new productrequest("充电器", 59.99, "快充充电器"), "王五");
审计日志:
[
{
"id": "4",
"entitytype": "product",
"entityid": "prod-002",
"action": "create",
"actor": "王五",
"occurredat": "2025-10-13t16:00:00z",
"diffjson": "{\"changes\":[{\"field\":\"name\",\"oldvalue\":null,\"newvalue\":\"手机壳\"},{\"field\":\"price\",\"oldvalue\":null,\"newvalue\":29.99}]}"
},
{
"id": "5",
"entitytype": "product",
"entityid": "prod-003",
"action": "create",
"actor": "王五",
"occurredat": "2025-10-13t16:01:00z",
"diffjson": "{\"changes\":[{\"field\":\"name\",\"oldvalue\":null,\"newvalue\":\"充电器\"},{\"field\":\"price\",\"oldvalue\":null,\"newvalue\":59.99}]}"
}
]
总结
通过 javers + aop + 注解的组合,我们实现了一个零侵入的数据变更审计系统。这个方案的主要优势:
开发效率提升:无需在每个业务方法中编写审计逻辑
维护成本降低:审计逻辑集中在切面中,便于统一管理
数据质量改善:结构化的审计日志便于查询和分析
技术方案没有银弹,需要根据具体业务场景进行调整。如果您的项目也有数据审计需求,这个方案可以作为参考。
github.com/yuboon/java-examples/tree/master/springboot-object-version
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