spring boot 中的消息转换器(httpmessageconverter)是处理 http 请求和响应数据格式转换的核心组件,负责将 http 请求体中的数据转换为 java 对象,或将 java 对象转换为 http 响应体的数据。
核心接口
public interface httpmessageconverter<t> {
boolean canread(class<?> clazz, @nullable mediatype mediatype);
boolean canwrite(class<?> clazz, @nullable mediatype mediatype);
list<mediatype> getsupportedmediatypes();
default list<mediatype> getsupportedmediatypes(class<?> clazz) {
return !this.canread(clazz, (mediatype)null) && !this.canwrite(clazz, (mediatype)null) ? collections.emptylist() : this.getsupportedmediatypes();
}
t read(class<? extends t> clazz, httpinputmessage inputmessage) throws ioexception, httpmessagenotreadableexception;
void write(t t, @nullable mediatype contenttype, httpoutputmessage outputmessage) throws ioexception, httpmessagenotwritableexception;
}getsupportedmediatypes 定义支持的媒体类型(如:application/json)
canread/canwrite:判断是否支持读写操作
read/write:执行具体的数据转换逻辑
springboot默认提供的转换器
spring boot 自动配置了以下常用消息转换器:
- stringhttpmessageconverter - 处理文本数据
- mappingjackson2httpmessageconverter - 处理 json 数据(使用 jackson)
- formhttpmessageconverter - 处理表单数据
- bytearrayhttpmessageconverter - 处理字节数组
- resourcehttpmessageconverter - 处理资源文件
- jaxb2rootelementhttpmessageconverter - 处理 xml(使用 jaxb)
- allencompassingformhttpmessageconverter - 增强的表单处理器
springboot在启动的时候就会自动注册上述默认的转换器,有请求进来的时候会根据请求的accept和响应的content-type,选择匹配的转换器,若多个转换器都支持,则按注册顺序优先。
如何自定义消息转换器
比如自定义个fastjson转换器
import com.alibaba.fastjson2.json;
import com.alibaba.fastjson2.support.config.fastjsonconfig;
import org.springframework.http.httpinputmessage;
import org.springframework.http.httpoutputmessage;
import org.springframework.http.mediatype;
import org.springframework.http.converter.abstracthttpmessageconverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.httpmessagenotreadableexception;
import org.springframework.http.converter.httpmessagenotwritableexception;
import org.springframework.lang.nonnull;
import java.io.ioexception;
import java.io.inputstream;
import java.io.outputstream;
import java.lang.reflect.type;
import java.nio.charset.standardcharsets;
import java.util.arraylist;
import java.util.list;
public class fastjsonhttpmessageconverter extends abstracthttpmessageconverter<object> {
private final fastjsonconfig fastjsonconfig = new fastjsonconfig();
public fastjsonhttpmessageconverter() {
// 支持多种媒体类型
list<mediatype> supportedmediatypes = new arraylist<>();
supportedmediatypes.add(mediatype.application_json);
supportedmediatypes.add(new mediatype("application", "*+json"));
setsupportedmediatypes(supportedmediatypes);
// 配置fastjson
fastjsonconfig.setdateformat("yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss");
fastjsonconfig.setcharset(standardcharsets.utf_8);
}
@override
protected boolean supports(@nonnull class<?> clazz) {
return true; // 支持所有类型
}
@override
protected object readinternal(
@nonnull class<?> clazz,
@nonnull httpinputmessage inputmessage
) throws ioexception, httpmessagenotreadableexception {
try (inputstream in = inputmessage.getbody()) {
return json.parseobject(
in,
fastjsonconfig.getcharset(),
clazz,
fastjsonconfig.getfeatures()
);
} catch (exception e) {
throw new httpmessagenotreadableexception(
"json parse error: " + e.getmessage(),
inputmessage
);
}
}
@override
protected void writeinternal(
@nonnull object object,
@nonnull httpoutputmessage outputmessage
) throws ioexception, httpmessagenotwritableexception {
try (outputstream out = outputmessage.getbody()) {
json.writeto(
out,
object,
fastjsonconfig.getcharset(),
fastjsonconfig.getfeatures(),
fastjsonconfig.getfilters(),
fastjsonconfig.getdateformat(),
json.default_generate_feature,
fastjsonconfig.getwriterfeatures()
);
} catch (exception e) {
throw new httpmessagenotwritableexception(
"json write error: " + e.getmessage(),
e
);
}
}
public fastjsonconfig getfastjsonconfig() {
return fastjsonconfig;
}
public void setfastjsonconfig(fastjsonconfig fastjsonconfig) {
this.fastjsonconfig.setdateformat(fastjsonconfig.getdateformat());
this.fastjsonconfig.setcharset(fastjsonconfig.getcharset());
this.fastjsonconfig.setfeatures(fastjsonconfig.getfeatures());
this.fastjsonconfig.setreaderfeatures(fastjsonconfig.getreaderfeatures());
this.fastjsonconfig.setwriterfeatures(fastjsonconfig.getwriterfeatures());
this.fastjsonconfig.setfilters(fastjsonconfig.getfilters());
}
}注册自定义的消息转换器
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;
import org.springframework.http.converter.httpmessageconverter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.webmvcconfigurer;
import java.util.list;
@configuration
public class fastjsonwebconfig implements webmvcconfigurer {
@override
public void configuremessageconverters(list<httpmessageconverter<?>> converters) {
// 创建fastjson消息转换器
fastjsonhttpmessageconverter fastjsonconverter = new fastjsonhttpmessageconverter();
// 可以在这里进一步配置fastjson
// fastjsonconverter.getfastjsonconfig().setdateformat("yyyy-mm-dd");
// 将fastjson转换器添加到转换器列表的最前面
converters.add(0, fastjsonconverter);
}
}注意这里优先级的问题,要把fastjson的放前面,这样才会优先走咱自定义的fastjson的转换器,而不是默认的gson的
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