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SpringBoot集成Shiro+JWT(Hutool)完整代码示例

2025年08月07日 • Java •我要评论
一、背景介绍1.1 为什么使用shiro？apache shiro 是一个强大且易用的 java 安全框架，提供了认证、授权、加密和会话管理功能。在现代应用开发中，shiro 因其简单性和灵活性而被广

一、背景介绍

1.1 为什么使用shiro？

apache shiro 是一个强大且易用的 java 安全框架，提供了认证、授权、加密和会话管理功能。在现代应用开发中，shiro 因其简单性和灵活性而被广泛采用：

  • ​​简单易用​​：相比 spring security，shiro 的 api 更加直观和简单
  • ​​功能全面​​：提供认证、授权、会话管理、加密等企业级安全功能
  • ​​轻量级​​：不依赖任何容器，可以独立运行
  • ​​业界规范​​：被众多企业采用，有丰富的社区支持和文档

1.2 为什么需要双token？

在原有单token方案基础上引入 ​​access token（访问令牌）​​ 和 ​​refresh token（刷新令牌）​​ 的组合，解决以下问题：

  • ​​安全性​​：access token 短期有效降低泄露风险，refresh token 独立存储且过期时间长
  • ​​用户体验​​：自动刷新 access token，用户无感知续期
  • ​​合规性​​：符合 oauth 2.0 标准流程

二、技术栈组成

技术组件作用版本要求
springboot基础框架3.x
apache shiro认证和授权核心2.0.0+
hutool-jwt令牌生成与验证5.8.24+

三、环境准备

3.1 创建 springboot 项目

<!-- pom.xml -->
<dependencies>
    <!-- shiro核心依赖 -->
    <dependency>
            <groupid>org.apache.shiro</groupid>
            <artifactid>shiro-core</artifactid>
            <classifier>jakarta</classifier>
            <version>${shiro.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupid>org.apache.shiro</groupid>
            <artifactid>shiro-spring</artifactid>
            <classifier>jakarta</classifier>
            <version>${shiro.version}</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupid>org.apache.shiro</groupid>
                    <artifactid>shiro-core</artifactid>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupid>org.apache.shiro</groupid>
                    <artifactid>shiro-web</artifactid>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupid>org.apache.shiro</groupid>
            <artifactid>shiro-web</artifactid>
            <classifier>jakarta</classifier>
            <version>${shiro.version}</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupid>org.apache.shiro</groupid>
                    <artifactid>shiro-core</artifactid>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    <!-- hutool-jwt -->
    <dependency>
        <groupid>cn.hutool</groupid>
        <artifactid>hutool-all</artifactid>
        <version>5.8.39</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

四、核心代码实现

4.1 jwt工具类（jwtutil.java）

import cn.hutool.core.lang.assert;
import cn.hutool.core.util.objectutil;
import cn.hutool.extra.spring.springutil;
import cn.hutool.jwt.jwt;
import cn.hutool.jwt.jwtutil;
import cn.hutool.core.date.datetime;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.redistemplate;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.map;
import java.util.concurrent.timeunit;
public class jwtutil {
    private static final string token_key = "sys:token:";
    private static final long access_expire = 1000 * 60 * 15; // 15分钟
    /**
     * 获取密钥（可选，我这里做的是动态配置的，可以根据需要写死就行）
     * @return 密钥
     */
    private static byte[] getjwtssecret() {
        sysparamsservice sysparamsservice = springutil.getbean(sysparamsservice.class);
        string jwtsecret =  sysparamsservice.getvalue("jwt.secret", true);
        return jwtsecret.getbytes();
    }
    /**
     * 获取刷新token过期时间-单位天（可选，我这里做的是动态配置的，可以根据需要写死就行）
     * @return 过期时间-单位天
     */
    private static int getrefreshexp() {
        sysparamsservice sysparamsservice = springutil.getbean(sysparamsservice.class);
        string refreshexp =  sysparamsservice.getvalue("jwt.exp", true);
        return integer.parseint(refreshexp);
    }
    // 生成双token
    public static map<string, string> generatetokens(long userid,string username) {
        map<string, string> tokens = new hashmap<>();
        // access token
        tokens.put("accesstoken", createtoken(userid,username));
        // refresh token
        tokens.put("refreshtoken", createrefreshtoken(userid));
        return tokens;
    }
    public static string createtoken(long userid,string username) {
        map<string, object> payload = new hashmap<>();
        payload.put("userid", userid);
        payload.put("username", username);
        payload.put("type", "access");
        payload.put("exp", new datetime(system.currenttimemillis() + access_expire).gettime());
        return jwtutil.createtoken(payload, getjwtssecret());
    }
    public static string createrefreshtoken(long userid) {
        map<string, object> payload = new hashmap<>();
        payload.put("userid", userid);
        payload.put("type", "refresh");
        string refreshtoken = jwtutil.createtoken(payload, getjwtssecret());
        redistemplate<string, string> redistemplate = springutil.getbean("redistemplate", redistemplate.class);
        redistemplate.opsforvalue().set(token_key+userid, refreshtoken, getrefreshexp(), timeunit.days);
        return refreshtoken;
    }
    // 刷新token
    public static void refreshaccesstoken(string refreshtoken) {
        assert.istrue(jwtutil.verify(refreshtoken, getjwtssecret()), "非法token错误");
        jwt jwt = jwtutil.parsetoken(refreshtoken);
        assert.istrue(objectutil.equals("refresh", jwt.getpayload("type")), "非法token错误");
        long userid = (long) jwt.getpayload("userid");
        redistemplate<string, string> redistemplate = springutil.getbean("redistemplate", redistemplate.class);
        string redis_refreshtoken = redistemplate.opsforvalue().get(token_key + userid);
        assert.istrue(objectutil.equals(redis_refreshtoken, refreshtoken), "token已过期");
        //可选 用于延长缓存时间
        long expire = redistemplate.getexpire(token_key + userid, timeunit.days);
        if(expire == 0){
            redistemplate.expire(token_key + userid, 7, timeunit.days);
        }
    }
    /**
     * 从token中获取用户id
     * @param refreshtoken jwt token字符串
     * @return 用户id
     */
    public static long getuseridfromrefreshtoken(string refreshtoken) {
        assert.istrue(jwtutil.verify(refreshtoken, getjwtssecret()), "非法token错误");
        jwt jwt = jwtutil.parsetoken(refreshtoken);
        assert.istrue(objectutil.equals("refresh", jwt.getpayload("type")), "非法token错误");
        long userid = (long) jwt.getpayload("userid");
        redistemplate<string, string> redistemplate = springutil.getbean("redistemplate", redistemplate.class);
        long expire = redistemplate.getexpire(token_key + userid, timeunit.days);
        assert.istrue(expire >= 0, "token已过期");
        string redis_refreshtoken = redistemplate.opsforvalue().get(token_key + userid);
        assert.istrue(objectutil.equals(redis_refreshtoken, refreshtoken), "token已过期");
        return (long) jwt.getpayload("userid");
    }
    /**
     * 从token中获取用户id
     * @param token jwt token字符串
     * @return 用户id
     */
    public static long getuseridfromtoken(string token) {
        assert.istrue(jwtutil.verify(token, getjwtssecret()), "非法token错误");
        jwt jwt = jwtutil.parsetoken(token);
        assert.istrue(objectutil.equals(jwt.getpayload("type"),"access"), "非法token错误");
        assert.istrue(jwt.getpayload("exp")!=null && jwt.validate(0),"token已失效");
        return (long) jwt.getpayload("userid");
    }
    /**
     * 从token中获取用户名
     * @param token jwt token字符串
     * @return 用户名
     */
    public static string getusernamefromtoken(string token) {
        assert.istrue(jwtutil.verify(token, getjwtssecret()), "非法token错误");
        jwt jwt = jwtutil.parsetoken(token);
        assert.istrue(jwt.getpayload("exp")!=null && jwt.validate(0),"token已失效");
        return jwt.getpayload("username").tostring();
    }
}

4.2 shiro配置类（shiroconfig.java）

import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.linkedhashmap;
import java.util.map;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.securitymanager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.mgt.sessionmanager;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.lifecyclebeanpostprocessor;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.authorizationattributesourceadvisor;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.shirofilterfactorybean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.config.shirofilterconfiguration;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.defaultwebsecuritymanager;
import org.apache.shiro.web.session.mgt.defaultwebsessionmanager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;
import jakarta.servlet.filter;
@configuration
public class shiroconfig {
    @bean
    public defaultwebsessionmanager sessionmanager() {
        defaultwebsessionmanager sessionmanager = new defaultwebsessionmanager();
        sessionmanager.setsessionvalidationschedulerenabled(false);
        sessionmanager.setsessionidurlrewritingenabled(false);
        return sessionmanager;
    }
    @bean("securitymanager")
    public securitymanager securitymanager(oauth2realm oauth2realm, sessionmanager sessionmanager) {
        defaultwebsecuritymanager securitymanager = new defaultwebsecuritymanager();
        securitymanager.setrealm(oauth2realm);
        securitymanager.setsessionmanager(sessionmanager);
        securitymanager.setremembermemanager(null);
        return securitymanager;
    }
    @bean("shirofilter")
    public shirofilterfactorybean shirfilter(securitymanager securitymanager, sysparamsservice sysparamsservice) {
        shirofilterconfiguration config = new shirofilterconfiguration();
        config.setfilteronceperrequest(true);
        shirofilterfactorybean shirofilter = new shirofilterfactorybean();
        shirofilter.setsecuritymanager(securitymanager);
        shirofilter.setshirofilterconfiguration(config);
        map<string, filter> filters = new hashmap<>();
        // oauth过滤
        filters.put("oauth2", new oauth2filter());
        map<string, string> filtermap = new linkedhashmap<>();
        filtermap.put("/v3/api-docs/**", "anon");
        filtermap.put("/doc.html", "anon");
        filtermap.put("/favicon.ico", "anon");
        filtermap.put("/refreshtoken", "anon");
        filtermap.put("/login", "anon");
        filtermap.put("/**", "oauth2");
        shirofilter.setfilterchaindefinitionmap(filtermap);
        return shirofilter;
    }
    @bean("lifecyclebeanpostprocessor")
    public lifecyclebeanpostprocessor lifecyclebeanpostprocessor() {
        return new lifecyclebeanpostprocessor();
    }
    @bean
    public authorizationattributesourceadvisor authorizationattributesourceadvisor(securitymanager securitymanager) {
        authorizationattributesourceadvisor advisor = new authorizationattributesourceadvisor();
        advisor.setsecuritymanager(securitymanager);
        return advisor;
    }
}

4.3 注册过滤器

@configuration
public class filterconfig {
    @bean
    public filterregistrationbean<delegatingfilterproxy> shirofilterregistration() {
        filterregistrationbean<delegatingfilterproxy> registration = new filterregistrationbean<>();
        registration.setfilter(new delegatingfilterproxy("shirofilter"));
        // 该值缺省为false，表示生命周期由springapplicationcontext管理，设置为true则表示由servletcontainer管理
        registration.addinitparameter("targetfilterlifecycle", "true");
        registration.setenabled(true);
        registration.setorder(integer.max_value - 1);
        registration.addurlpatterns("/*");
        return registration;
    }
}

4.4 注册oauth2过滤器

public class oauth2filter extends authenticatingfilter {
    private static final logger logger = loggerfactory.getlogger(oauth2filter.class);
    @override
    protected authenticationtoken createtoken(servletrequest request, servletresponse response) throws exception {
        // 获取请求token
        string token = getrequesttoken((httpservletrequest) request);
        if (stringutils.isblank(token)) {
            logger.warn("createtoken:token is empty");
            return null;
        }
        return new oauth2token(token);
    }
    @override
    protected boolean isaccessallowed(servletrequest request, servletresponse response, object mappedvalue) {
        if (((httpservletrequest) request).getmethod().equals(requestmethod.options.name())) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    @override
    protected boolean onaccessdenied(servletrequest request, servletresponse response) throws exception {
        // 获取请求token，如果token不存在，直接返回401
        string token = getrequesttoken((httpservletrequest) request);
        if (stringutils.isblank(token)) {
            logger.warn("onaccessdenied:token is empty");
            httpservletresponse httpresponse = (httpservletresponse) response;
            httpresponse.setcontenttype("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            httpresponse.setheader("access-control-allow-credentials", "true");
            httpresponse.setheader("access-control-allow-origin", httpcontextutils.getorigin());
            string json = jsonutils.tojsonstring(new result<void>().error(errorcode.unauthorized));
            httpresponse.getwriter().print(json);
            return false;
        }
        return executelogin(request, response);
    }
    @override
    protected boolean onloginfailure(authenticationtoken token, authenticationexception e, servletrequest request,
            servletresponse response) {
        httpservletresponse httpresponse = (httpservletresponse) response;
        httpresponse.setcontenttype("application/json;charset=utf-8");
        httpresponse.setheader("access-control-allow-credentials", "true");
        httpresponse.setheader("access-control-allow-origin", httpcontextutils.getorigin());
        try {
            throwable throwable = e.getcause() == null ? e : e.getcause();
            result<void> r = new result<void>().error(errorcode.unauthorized, throwable.getmessage());
            string json = jsonutils.tojsonstring(r);
            httpresponse.getwriter().print(json);
        } catch (ioexception e1) {
        }
        return false;
    }
    /**
     * 获取请求的token
     */
    private string getrequesttoken(httpservletrequest httprequest) {
        string token = null;
        // 从header中获取token
        string authorization = httprequest.getheader(constant.authorization);
        if (stringutils.isnotblank(authorization) && authorization.startswith("bearer ")) {
            token = authorization.replace("bearer ", "");
        }
        return token;
    }
}

4.5 认证类

import java.util.hashset;
import java.util.set;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.authenticationexception;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.authenticationinfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.authenticationtoken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.disabledaccountexception;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.incorrectcredentialsexception;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.lockedaccountexception;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.simpleauthenticationinfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.authorizationinfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.simpleauthorizationinfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.authorizingrealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.principalcollection;
import org.slf4j.logger;
import org.slf4j.loggerfactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.lazy;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import jakarta.annotation.resource;
@component
public class oauth2realm extends authorizingrealm {
    @resource
    private userservice userservice;
    private static final logger logger = loggerfactory.getlogger(oauth2realm.class);
    @override
    public boolean supports(authenticationtoken token) {
        return token instanceof oauth2token;
    }
    /**
     * 授权(验证权限时调用)
     */
    @override
    protected authorizationinfo dogetauthorizationinfo(principalcollection principals) {
        userdetail user = (userdetail) principals.getprimaryprincipal();
        // 用户权限列表
        set<string> permsset = new hashset<>();
        if (user.getsuperadmin() == superadminenum.yes.value()) {
            permsset.add("sys:role:superadmin");
            permsset.add("sys:role:normal");
        } else {
            permsset.add("sys:role:normal");
        }
        simpleauthorizationinfo info = new simpleauthorizationinfo();
        info.setstringpermissions(permsset);
        return info;
    }
    /**
     * 认证(登录时调用)
     */
    @override
    protected authenticationinfo dogetauthenticationinfo(authenticationtoken token) throws authenticationexception {
        string accesstoken = (string) token.getprincipal();
        // 根据accesstoken，查询用户信息
        long userid = jwtutil.getuseridfromtoken(accesstoken);
        assert.notnull(userid, "token已过期，请重新登入");
        // 查询用户信息
        sysuserentity userentity = userservice.getuser(userid);
        // 转换成userdetail对象
        userdetail userdetail = convertutils.sourcetotarget(userentity, userdetail.class);
        simpleauthenticationinfo info = new simpleauthenticationinfo(userdetail, accesstoken, getname());
        return info;
    }
}

4.6 token类

public class oauth2token implements authenticationtoken {
    private string token;
    public oauth2token(string token) {
        this.token = token;
    }
    @override
    public string getprincipal() {
        return token;
    }
    @override
    public object getcredentials() {
        return token;
    }
}

4.7 shiro获取用户信息工具类

public class securityuser {
    public static subject getsubject() {
        try {
            return securityutils.getsubject();
        } catch (exception e) {
            return null;
        }
    }
    /**
     * 获取用户信息
     */
    public static userdetail getuser() {
        subject subject = getsubject();
        if (subject == null) {
            return new userdetail();
        }
        userdetail user = (userdetail) subject.getprincipal();
        if (user == null) {
            return new userdetail();
        }
        return user;
    }
    public static string gettoken() {
        return getuser().gettoken();
    }
    /**
     * 获取用户id
     */
    public static long getuserid() {
        return getuser().getid();
    }
}

五、双token实现原理

5.1 token结构对比

token类型有效期存储位置包含信息
access token15分钟客户端用户id、用户名称，类型，过期时间，角色(可选)、权限(可选)
refresh token7天客户端，redis用户id、类型

5.2 核心流程图

六、完整代码示例

6.1 登录控制器（authcontroller.java）

@restcontroller
public class authcontroller {
    @postmapping("/login")
    public result login(@requestbody loginrequest request) {
        user user = userservice.findbyusername(request.getusername());
        if (user == null || !user.getpassword().equals(request.getpassword())) {
            return result.error("账号或密码错误");
        }
        string accesstoken = jwtutil.createaccesstoken(
            user.getusername(), 
            user.getid()
        );
        string refreshtoken = jwtutil.createrefreshtoken(user.getusername(),user.getid());
        return result.success(map.of(
            "accesstoken", accesstoken,
            "refreshtoken", refreshtoken
        ));
    }
    @postmapping("/refreshtoken")
    public result<string> refreshtoken(@requestheader("refreshtoken") string refreshtoken) {
        long userid = jwtutil.getuseridfromrefreshtoken(refreshtoken);
        //if(userid==null)userid=1904748826795986946l;
        sysuserdto user = sysuserservice.getbyuserid(userid);
        assert.notnull(user, "token异常，非法登入");
        string newaccesstoken = jwtutil.createtoken(user.getid(),user.getusername());
        jwtutil.refreshaccesstoken(refreshtoken);//自动续租
        return new result<string>().ok(newaccesstoken);
    }
}

七、双token优势总结

​​维度​​​​单token方案​​​​双token方案​​
​​安全性​​单一token泄露风险高access token短期有效，refresh token双存储(可自动延迟过期时间，并保证安全性)
​​用户体验​​频繁登录/重新认证自动续期，用户无感知
​​合规性​​不符合oauth2.0标准完全遵循oauth2.0标准流程

八 、补充

为确保系统的安全性，本方案采用了​​单刷新token绑定机制​​。具体而言，每个用户的刷新token（refresh token）与单一设备或终端绑定。当同一用户在其他设备或终端上登录时，新的登录操作将导致之前设备的刷新token失效（通常伴随access token的到期登入失效）。这种机制有效防止了同一账户在多设备间的异常并行登录，增强了账户的安全性。

然而，根据不同的业务需求和安全策略，开发者可以根据实际情况对token管理机制进行调整。例如，若业务场景允许多设备同时在线，可以修改token绑定策略，支持多刷新token共存。此外，开发者们也欢迎在下方评论区提出自己的建议，共同探讨和优化。

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