Python plist文件的读取方式_Python

python练习：读取apple plist文件

plist文件简介

定义：apple公司创建的基于xml结构的文件格式
特点：采用xml语法组织数据，可存储键值对、数组等结构化信息
文件扩展名：.plist
应用场景:
ios系统: 应用描述文件（权限配置：蓝牙/网络访问/gamecenter等）ipa安装包中的配置信息
macos系统: .app应用的配置文件系统偏好设置存储
苹果生态 itunes音乐播放列表 xcode项目配置

python操作库：plistlib

import plistlib

代码适配指南（python 2 → python 3）
废弃方法（python 2旧版）

plist = plistlib.read(filename)

正确方法（python 3新版）

with open(filename, 'rb') as plist_file:
    plist = plistlib.load(plist_file)

注意事项

始终使用二进制模式（‘rb’）打开文件 python
3.4+ 支持load()/dump()替代旧版api
macos内置plutil工具可验证文件有效性：bash 下运行下面的代码
plutil -lint example.plist

下文是练习代码，其中也包含了画图部分
练习代码：

import re, argparse
import sys
from matplotlib import pyplot
import plistlib
import numpy as np
# 找到重复的音乐
def find_duplicates(file_name):
    print("find duplicate tracks in %s..." % file_name)
    with open(file_name, 'rb') as f:
        plist = plistlib.load(f)
    # 读取playlist
    # 获取音轨目录
    tracks = plist['tracks']
    # 创建音轨字典
    track_names = {}
    # 结构：{name:(duration,count)}
    # 遍历 添加
    for track_id, track in tracks.items():
        try:
            name = track['name']
            duration = track['total time']
            # 检查是不是以及在在字典里面了
            if name in track_names:
            # 匹配 歌曲名称和时长
                if duration // 1000 == track_names['name'][0] // 1000:
                    count = track_names[name][1]
                    track_names[name] = (duration, count + 1)
            else:
                # 不匹配的情况下
                track_names[name] = (duration, count)
        except:
            # ignore
            pass
    # 保存重复的音轨， name, count
    dups = []
    for k, v in track_names.items():
        if v[1] > 1:
            dups.append(k, v[1])
    # 保存到一个文件
    if len(dups) > 0:
        print("发现一共有%d个重复的文件， 以及保存到了dup.txt中" % len(dups))
    else:
        print("没有发现任何重复的文件")
    f = open("dups.txt", "w")
    for val in dups:
        f.writable("[%d] %s \n" % (val[0], val[1]))
    f.close()
# 查找多个播放列表中的共同的音轨
def find_common_tracks(file_names):
    # a list of sets of track names
    track_name_sets = []
    # 遍历读取多个plist文件
    for file_name in file_names:
        track_names = set()
        with open(file_name, 'rb') as f:
            plist = plistlib.load(f)
        # 获取音轨节点
        tracks = plist.get("tracks", {})
        # 遍历迭代
        for track_id, track in tracks.items():
            try:
                track_names.add(track['name'])
            except:
                # ignore
                pass
    # 添加到track_name_sets中
    track_name_sets.append(track_names)
    # 交集处理
    common_tracks = set.intersection(*track_name_sets)
    # 写文件
    if len(common_tracks) > 0:
        f = open("common.txt", "w")
        for val in common_tracks:
            # s = "%s\n" % val
            f.write(f"{val}\n")
        f.close()
        print(f"track names wirte to common.txt { len(common_tracks)}")
    else:
        print("no common tracks!")
# 收集歌曲评分和时长
def plot_stats(file_name):
    # 读取播放列表
    with open(file_name, 'rb') as f:
        plist = plistlib.load(f)
    tracks = plist['tracks']
    # 创建音轨排序和时长
    ratings = []
    durations = []
    for track_id, track in tracks.items():
        try:
            ratings.append(track['album rating'])
            durations.append(track['total time'])
        except:
            # ignore
            pass
    # 确保是有效数据
    if ratings == [] or durations == []:
        print(f"在文件中%s没有有效的album rating/total time  数据 {file_name}")
        return
     # scatter plot 
    x= np.array(durations, np.int32) 
    # convert to minutes 
    x = x/60000.0 
    y = np.array(ratings, np.int32) 
    pyplot.subplot(2, 1, 1) 
    pyplot.plot(x, y, 'o') 
    pyplot.axis([0, 1.05*np.max(x), -1, 110]) 
    pyplot.xlabel('track duration') 
    pyplot.ylabel('track rating') 
    # plot histogram 
    pyplot.subplot(2, 1, 2) 
    pyplot.hist(x, bins=20) 
    pyplot.xlabel('track duration') 
    pyplot.ylabel('count') 
    # show plot 
    pyplot.show() 
def main():
    # create parser
    descstr = """
    this program analyzes playlist files (.xml) exported from itunes.
    """
    parser = argparse.argumentparser(description=descstr)
    # add a mutually exclusive group of arguments
    group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
    # add expected arguments
    group.add_argument('--common', nargs = '*', dest='plfiles', required=false)
    group.add_argument('--stats', dest='plfile', required=false)
    group.add_argument('--dup', dest='plfiled', required=false)
    # parse args
    args = parser.parse_args()
    if args.plfiles:
        # find common tracks
        find_common_tracks(args.plfiles)
    elif args.plfile:
        # plot stats
        plot_stats(args.plfile)
    elif args.plfiled:
        # find duplicate tracks
        find_duplicates(args.plfiled)
    else:
        print("these are not the tracks you are looking for.")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

最后这个是画图的部分，以后有兴趣再研究吧