一文详解SpringBoot中控制器的动态注册与卸载_Java

在项目开发中，通过动态注册和卸载控制器功能，可以根据业务场景和项目需要实现功能的动态增加、删除，提高系统的灵活性和可扩展性。

本文将介绍如何在 springboot 中实现控制器的动态注册和卸载。

项目结构

src
└── main
├── java
│ └── com
│ └── example
│ ├── dynamiccontrollerapplication.java
│ ├── controller
│ │ ├── democontroller.java
│ │ └── dynamiccontrollerregistry.java
│ │ └── dynamiccontroller.java
│ │ └── controllermanagement.java
│ └── config
│ └── webconfig.java
└── resources
└── application.properties

1. 创建 spring boot 启动类

首先，创建一个启动类 dynamiccontrollerapplication.java。

package com.example;

import org.springframework.boot.springapplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.springbootapplication;

@springbootapplication
public class dynamiccontrollerapplication {
    public static void main(string[] args) {
        springapplication.run(dynamiccontrollerapplication.class, args);
    }
}

2. 创建一个测试控制器

接下来，我们创建一个控制器 democontroller.java，该控制器将返回简单的字符串响应。

// 动态控制器注解
@target({elementtype.type})
@retention(retentionpolicy.runtime)
public @interface dynamiccontroller {

    // 启动时注册
    boolean startupregister() default true;

}

// 测试控制器
package com.example.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.getmapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.requestmapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.restcontroller;

@restcontroller
@requestmapping("/demo")
@dynamiccontroller(startupregister = false)
public class democontroller {

    @getmapping("/hello")
    public string hello() {
        return "hello from dynamic controller!";
    }

}

3. 创建动态控制器注册类

然后，我们创建一个 dynamiccontrollerregistry.java 类，用于动态注册和卸载控制器。

package com.example.controller;

import cn.hutool.core.util.reflectutil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.context.applicationcontext;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.annotatedelementutils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.requestmapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.requestmappinginfo;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.requestmappinghandlermapping;

import java.lang.reflect.method;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.map;

@component
@slf4j
public class dynamiccontrollerregistry {

    @autowired
    private applicationcontext applicationcontext;

    @autowired
    private requestmappinghandlermapping requestmappinghandlermapping;

    private final map<string, string> registeredcontrollers = new hashmap<>();

    public string registercontroller(object controller,string methodname) {
        class<?> controllerclass = controller.getclass();
        string key = key(controllerclass,methodname);
        string url = "";
        if (!registeredcontrollers.containskey(key)) {
            method method = reflectutil.getmethod(controllerclass,methodname);
            requestmapping methodmapping = annotatedelementutils.findmergedannotation(method, requestmapping.class);
            requestmapping requestmapping = controllerclass.getannotation(requestmapping.class);

            url = getmethodurl(requestmapping,methodmapping);
            // 注册控制器
            requestmappinghandlermapping.registermapping(
                    requestmappinginfo.paths(url).methods(methodmapping.method()).build(),
                    controller,method
            );
            registeredcontrollers.put(key,url);
        }else{
            url = registeredcontrollers.get(key);
            log.warn("controller already registered:{}",url);
        }
        return url;
    }

    public string unregistercontroller(class<?> controllerclass,method method) {
        requestmapping methodmapping = annotatedelementutils.findmergedannotation(method, requestmapping.class);
        requestmapping requestmapping = controllerclass.getannotation(requestmapping.class);
        string url = getmethodurl(requestmapping,methodmapping);
        requestmappinginfo mappinginfo = requestmappinginfo.paths(url).methods(methodmapping.method()).build();
        requestmappinghandlermapping.unregistermapping(mappinginfo);
        registeredcontrollers.remove(key(controllerclass,method.getname()));
        log.info("unregister controller:{}", url);
        return url;
    }

    public string unregistercontroller(class<?> controllerclass,string methodname) {
        method method = reflectutil.getmethod(controllerclass,methodname);
        return unregistercontroller(controllerclass,method);
    }

    private string key(class<?> controllerclass, string method){
        return controllerclass.getname() + "." + method;
    }

    private string getmethodurl(requestmapping requestmapping,requestmapping methodmapping){
        string baseurl = "";
        string url = "";
        if(requestmapping != null){
            baseurl = requestmapping.value()[0];
        }
        if(methodmapping != null) {
            string[] values = methodmapping.value();
            if (values.length > 0) {
                url = baseurl + values[0];
            }
        }
        return url;
    }

}

4. 创建 web 配置类

创建配置类 webconfig.java ，实现项目启动时将不需要注册的控制器进行卸载。

package com.example.config;

import cn.hutool.core.util.classutil;
import com.example.controller.dynamiccontroller;
import com.example.controller.dynamiccontrollerregistry;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.annotatedelementutils;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.annotationutils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.requestmapping;

import java.lang.reflect.method;
import java.util.map;
import java.util.set;

@configuration
@slf4j
public class webconfig {

    @autowired
    private dynamiccontrollerregistry dynamiccontrollerregistry;

    @bean
    public void unregisterdynamiccontroller() {
        set<class<?>> classes = classutil.scanpackagebyannotation("com.example", dynamiccontroller.class);
        for(class<?> clazz : classes) {
            dynamiccontroller dynamiccontroller = clazz.getannotation(dynamiccontroller.class);
            boolean needregister = dynamiccontroller.startupregister();
            if(needregister) {
                continue;
            }

            // 默认不需要注册的controller，需要在启动时注销掉
            requestmapping requestmapping = clazz.getannotation(requestmapping.class);
            method[] methods = clazz.getdeclaredmethods();
            for(method method : methods) {
                dynamiccontrollerregistry.unregistercontroller(clazz,method);
            }
        }

        return null;
    }
}

5. 创建动态控制器注册和卸载控制器

创建一个新的控制器 controllermanagement.java，用于处理控制器的注册和卸载请求。

package com.example.controller;

import cn.hutool.extra.spring.springutil;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@restcontroller
@requestmapping("/controller")
public class controllermanagement {

    @autowired
    private dynamiccontrollerregistry dynamiccontrollerregistry;

    @postmapping("/register")
    public string registercontroller(@requestparam string controllerbeanname, @requestparam string methodname) {
        object controller = springutil.getbean(controllerbeanname);
        string url = dynamiccontrollerregistry.registercontroller(controller, methodname);
        return "controller registered at: " + url;
    }

    @deletemapping("/unregister")
    public string unregistercontroller(@requestparam string controllerbeanname, @requestparam string methodname) {
        object controller = springutil.getbean(controllerbeanname);
        string url = dynamiccontrollerregistry.unregistercontroller(controller.getclass(),methodname);
        return "controller unregistered from: " + url;
    }
}

6. 测试注册控制器

1. 启动服务

2. 访问 http://localhost:8080/demo/hello ，此时应该是404，因为没有注册控制器

3. post http://localhost:8080/controller/register?methodname=hello&controllerbeanname=democontroller 注册控制器

4. 再次访问 http://localhost:8080/demo/hello

7. 卸载控制器

1. post http://localhost:8080/controller/unregister?methodname=hello&controllerbeanname=democontroller 卸载控制器

2. 再次访问 <http://localhost:8080/demo/hello>，此时应该是404，因为控制器已被卸载

结论

通过以上步骤，我们实现了在 spring boot 中动态注册和卸载控制器的功能。

这样的实现能够根据实际需求动态增减功能。

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一文详解SpringBoot中控制器的动态注册与卸载

2025年07月06日 • Java •我要评论