我要评论使用httpurlconnection（原生api）
httpurlconnection是java标准库提供的http客户端，适合简单请求。
public class httpurlconnectionexample {
public static void main(string[] args) throws exception {
url url = new url("https://api.example.com/data");
httpurlconnection conn = (httpurlconnection) url.openconnection();
conn.setrequestmethod("get");
int responsecode = conn.getresponsecode();
bufferedreader in = new bufferedreader(new inputstreamreader(conn.getinputstream()));
string inputline;
stringbuilder response = new stringbuilder();
while ((inputline = in.readline()) != null) {
response.append(inputline);
}
in.close();
system.out.println(response.tostring());
}
}使用apache httpclient
apache httpclient是功能更丰富的第三方库，适合复杂场景。
public class apachehttpclientexample {
public static void main(string[] args) throws exception {
closeablehttpclient httpclient = httpclients.createdefault();
httpget request = new httpget("https://api.example.com/data");
try (closeablehttpresponse response = httpclient.execute(request)) {
string result = entityutils.tostring(response.getentity());
system.out.println(result);
}
}
}
使用okhttp
okhttp是square开发的现代http客户端，性能优异且api简洁。
public class okhttpexample {
public static void main(string[] args) throws exception {
okhttpclient client = new okhttpclient();
request request = new request.builder()
.url("https://api.example.com/data")
.build();
try (response response = client.newcall(request).execute()) {
system.out.println(response.body().string());
}
}
}
使用java 11+的httpclient
java 11引入的新http客户端，支持异步和http/2。
public class java11httpclientexample {
public static void main(string[] args) throws exception {
httpclient client = httpclient.newhttpclient();
httprequest request = httprequest.newbuilder()
.uri(uri.create("https://api.example.com/data"))
.build();
httpresponse<string> response = client.send(
request, httpresponse.bodyhandlers.ofstring());
system.out.println(response.body());
}
}
处理post请求（以okhttp为例）
post请求需要构建请求体，以下是json提交示例。
public class okhttppostexample {
public static void main(string[] args) throws exception {
okhttpclient client = new okhttpclient();
mediatype json = mediatype.get("application/json; charset=utf-8");
string jsonbody = "{\"name\":\"john\", \"age\":30}";
request request = new request.builder()
.url("https://api.example.com/post")
.post(requestbody.create(jsonbody, json))
.build();
try (response response = client.newcall(request).execute()) {
system.out.println(response.body().string());
}
}
}总结对比
| 方法 | 特点 | 适用场景 |
|---|---|---|
| httpurlconnection | 原生支持，无需依赖 | 简单get/post请求 |
| apache httpclient | 功能全面，支持连接池 | 企业级复杂http交互 |
| okhttp | 高性能，简洁api | 移动端/高性能需求 |
| java 11 httpclient | 现代api，支持异步和http/2 | java 11+项目 |
可根据项目实际需求选择合适的方法。在现代项目推荐使用okhttp或java 11+ httpclient。
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