一、使用sql查询查看表空间
1.1 查询所有表的大小(包括数据和索引)
select table_schema as '数据库名', table_name as '表名', round(data_length/1024/1024, 2) as '数据大小(mb)', round(index_length/1024/1024, 2) as '索引大小(mb)', round((data_length + index_length)/1024/1024, 2) as '总大小(mb)', table_rows as '行数' from information_schema.tables where table_schema not in ('information_schema', 'mysql', 'performance_schema') order by (data_length + index_length) desc;
select round(data_length/1024/1024, 2) as '数据大小(mb)', round(index_length/1024/1024, 2) as '索引大小(mb)', round((data_length + index_length)/1024/1024, 2) as '总大小(mb)' from information_schema.tables where table_name = '表名';
1.2 查询特定数据库的表大小
select table_name as '表名', round(data_length/1024/1024, 2) as '数据大小(mb)', round(index_length/1024/1024, 2) as '索引大小(mb)', round((data_length + index_length)/1024/1024, 2) as '总大小(mb)', table_rows as '行数' from information_schema.tables where table_schema = '你的数据库名' order by (data_length + index_length) desc;
1.3 查询单个表的详细空间信息
select table_name as '表名', engine as '存储引擎', round(data_length/1024/1024, 2) as '数据大小(mb)', round(index_length/1024/1024, 2) as '索引大小(mb)', round((data_length + index_length)/1024/1024, 2) as '总大小(mb)', round(data_free/1024/1024, 2) as '碎片空间(mb)', table_rows as '行数', avg_row_length as '平均行长度(字节)', create_time as '创建时间', update_time as '更新时间' from information_schema.tables where table_schema = '你的数据库名' and table_name = '你的表名';
二、使用命令行工具查看表空间
2.1 使用mysql客户端查询
mysql -u用户名 -p密码 -e "select table_name as '表名', \ round(data_length/1024/1024,2) as '数据大小(mb)', \ round(index_length/1024/1024,2) as '索引大小(mb)', \ round((data_length+index_length)/1024/1024,2) as '总大小(mb)' \ from information_schema.tables \ where table_schema='你的数据库名' \ order by (data_length+index_length) desc;"
2.2 查看物理文件大小(适用于myisam/innodb)
# 切换到mysql数据目录 cd /var/lib/mysql/你的数据库名/ # 查看文件大小 ls -lh *.ibd *.frm *.myd *.myi # 计算总大小 du -sh ./*
三、查看innodb表的空间使用详情
3.1 查看innodb表空间状态
show table status from 你的数据库名 like '你的表名'\g
3.2 查看innodb引擎状态(包含缓冲池等信息)
show engine innodb status\g
3.3 查询innodb表空间文件信息
select file_name, tablespace_name, engine, total_extents, extent_size, initial_size, maximum_size from information_schema.files where file_type = 'datafile';
四、高级空间分析工具
4.1 使用pt-diskstats(percona工具包)
pt-diskstats --devices=/var/lib/mysql
4.2 使用pt-mysql-summary(percona工具包)
pt-mysql-summary --user=用户名 --password=密码
4.3 使用mysqldumpslow分析表空间增长
mysqldumpslow -s t /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
五、空间优化相关查询
5.1 查找碎片化严重的表
select table_schema as '数据库', table_name as '表名', round(data_free/1024/1024, 2) as '碎片空间(mb)', round((data_length + index_length)/1024/1024, 2) as '总大小(mb)', round((data_free/(data_length + index_length + data_free))*100, 2) as '碎片率(%)' from information_schema.tables where table_schema not in ('information_schema', 'mysql', 'performance_schema') and data_free > 0 order by data_free desc limit 10;
5.2 查看表空间自动扩展设置
select table_name, engine, row_format, create_options from information_schema.tables where table_schema = '你的数据库名';
六、注意事项
权限要求:查询information_schema需要相应的权限
数据准确性:table_rows是估算值,特别是对于innodb表
存储引擎差异:
• innodb表数据存储在.ibd文件中(独立表空间)或共享表空间中
• myisam表数据存储在.myd文件中,索引存储在.myi文件中
临时表空间:临时表和使用内存引擎的表不会显示在磁盘使用统计中
二进制日志和事务日志:这些日志文件占用空间但不包含在表空间统计中
七、自动化监控脚本示例
#!/bin/bash # mysql表空间监控脚本 db_user="用户名" db_pass="密码" db_name="数据库名" output_file="/tmp/mysql_table_sizes_$(date +%y%m%d).csv" echo "表名,数据大小(mb),索引大小(mb),总大小(mb),行数,碎片空间(mb)" > $output_file mysql -u$db_user -p$db_pass -e "select \ concat(table_name, ',', \ round(data_length/1024/1024, 2), ',', \ round(index_length/1024/1024, 2), ',', \ round((data_length + index_length)/1024/1024, 2), ',', \ table_rows, ',', \ round(data_free/1024/1024, 2)) \ from information_schema.tables \ where table_schema = '$db_name' \ order by (data_length + index_length) desc;" >> $output_file echo "报告已生成: $output_file"
通过以上方法,您可以全面了解mysql数据库中各个表的空间占用情况,为数据库优化和维护提供数据支持。
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