redis 在用户管理系统中的典型应用场景
结合你的用户增删改查接口,以下是 redis 的实用场景和具体实现方案:
| 场景 | 作用 | 实现方案 |
|---|---|---|
| 用户信息缓存 | 减少数据库压力,加速查询响应 | 使用 spring cache + redis 注解缓存 |
| 登录 token 存储 | 分布式 session 或 jwt token 管理 | 将 token 与用户信息绑定,设置过期时间 |
| 接口限流 | 防止恶意刷接口 | 基于 redis 计数器实现滑动窗口限流 |
| 重复提交拦截 | 防止用户重复提交表单 | 用 redis 存储请求唯一标识,设置短期过期 |
| 热点数据预加载 | 提前缓存高频访问数据 | 定时任务 + redis 存储 |
mac m1 安装 redis 详细步骤
1. 通过 homebrew 安装 redis
# 安装 homebrew(如果尚未安装) /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fssl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/homebrew/install/head/install.sh)" # 安装 redis brew install redis
2. 启动 redis 服务
# 前台启动(测试用,ctrl+c 退出) redis-server # 后台启动(推荐) brew services start redis
3. 验证安装
# 连接 redis 客户端 redis-cli ping # 应返回 "pong"
spring boot 3 整合 redis
1. 添加依赖
在 pom.xml 中:
<!-- spring cache 核心依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactid>
</dependency>
<!-- redis 驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactid>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupid>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupid>
<artifactid>jackson-databind</artifactid>
</dependency>
2. 配置 redis 连接
application.yml:
spring:
data:
redis:
host: localhost
port: 6379
# password: your-password # 如果设置了密码
lettuce:
pool:
max-active: 8
max-idle: 83. 示例
配置类
package com.example.spring_demo01.config;
import org.springframework.cache.cachemanager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.rediscacheconfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.rediscachemanager;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.redisconnectionfactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.redistemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.*;
import java.time.duration;
@configuration
public class redisconfig {
// 配置 redistemplate
@bean
public redistemplate<string, object> redistemplate(redisconnectionfactory factory) {
redistemplate<string, object> template = new redistemplate<>();
template.setconnectionfactory(factory);
// key 序列化
template.setkeyserializer(new stringredisserializer());
// value 序列化为 json
template.setvalueserializer(new genericjackson2jsonredisserializer());
// hash 结构序列化
template.sethashkeyserializer(new stringredisserializer());
template.sethashvalueserializer(new genericjackson2jsonredisserializer());
return template;
}
// 配置缓存管理器
@bean
public cachemanager cachemanager(redisconnectionfactory factory) {
rediscacheconfiguration config = rediscacheconfiguration.defaultcacheconfig()
.serializekeyswith(redisserializationcontext.serializationpair.fromserializer(new stringredisserializer()))
.serializevalueswith(redisserializationcontext.serializationpair.fromserializer(new genericjackson2jsonredisserializer()))
.entryttl(duration.ofminutes(30)); // 设置默认过期时间
return rediscachemanager.builder(factory)
.cachedefaults(config)
.build();
}
}接口限流工具类
package com.example.spring_demo01.utils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.redistemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import java.util.uuid;
import java.util.concurrent.timeunit;
@component
public class ratelimiter {
@autowired
private redistemplate<string, object> redistemplate;
public boolean allowrequest(string userid) {
string key = "rate_limit:" + userid;
long now = system.currenttimemillis();
long windowms = 60_000; // 1 分钟
// 移除窗口外的请求记录
redistemplate.opsforzset().removerangebyscore(key, 0, now - windowms);
// 统计当前窗口内请求数
long count = redistemplate.opsforzset().zcard(key);
if (count != null && count >= 10) {
return false; // 超过限制
}
// 记录本次请求
redistemplate.opsforzset().add(key, uuid.randomuuid().tostring(), now);
redistemplate.expire(key, windowms, timeunit.milliseconds);
return true;
}
}实体类
package com.example.spring_demo01.entity;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.*;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.jsonignoreproperties;
import lombok.data;
import java.io.serializable;
@data
@tablename("user")
@jsonignoreproperties(ignoreunknown = true) // 防止 json 反序列化问题
public class user implements serializable { // 实现 serializable
@tableid(type = idtype.auto) // 主键自增
private long id;
private string name;
private integer age;
private string email;
}service层
package com.example.spring_demo01.service.impl;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.serviceimpl;
import com.example.spring_demo01.entity.user;
import com.example.spring_demo01.mapper.usermapper;
import com.example.spring_demo01.service.userservice;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.cacheevict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.service;
import java.io.serializable;
@service
public class userserviceimpl
extends serviceimpl<usermapper, user>
implements userservice {
// 对 mybatis plus 的 getbyid 方法添加缓存
@cacheable(value = "user", key = "#id")
@override
public user getbyid(serializable id) {
return super.getbyid(id);
}
// 更新时清除缓存
@cacheevict(value = "user", key = "#entity.id")
@override
public boolean updatebyid(user entity) {
return super.updatebyid(entity);
}
// 删除时清除缓存
@cacheevict(value = "user", key = "#id")
@override
public boolean removebyid(serializable id) {
return super.removebyid(id);
}
}controller层
package com.example.spring_demo01.controller;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.querywrapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.plugins.pagination.page;
import com.example.spring_demo01.annotation.adminonly;
import com.example.spring_demo01.entity.user;
import com.example.spring_demo01.service.userservice;
import com.example.spring_demo01.utils.ratelimiter;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.redistemplate;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.time.duration;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.uuid;
@slf4j
@restcontroller
@requestmapping("/user")
public class usercontroller {
@autowired
private userservice userservice;
@autowired
private redistemplate<string, object> redistemplate;
@autowired
private ratelimiter ratelimiter;
// ------------------------------ 增 ------------------------------
@postmapping
public string adduser(@requestbody user user, @requestheader string clientid) {
string key = "submit_lock:" + clientid + ":" + user.hashcode();
// 10秒内不允许重复提交
boolean success = redistemplate.opsforvalue()
.setifabsent(key, "", duration.ofseconds(10));
if (boolean.false.equals(success)) {
throw new runtimeexception("请勿重复提交");
}
userservice.save(user);
return "新增成功";
}
// ------------------------------ 删 ------------------------------
@deletemapping("/{id}")
public string deleteuser(@pathvariable long id) {
userservice.removebyid(id);
return "删除成功";
}
@deletemapping("/batch")
public string deletebatch(@requestbody list<long> ids) {
userservice.removebyids(ids);
return "批量删除成功";
}
// ------------------------------ 改 ------------------------------
@putmapping
public string updateuser(@requestbody user user) {
userservice.updatebyid(user);
return "更新成功";
}
// ------------------------------ 查 ------------------------------
@getmapping("/{id}")
@adminonly
public user getuserbyid(@pathvariable long id) {
return userservice.getbyid(id);
}
@getmapping("/list")
public list<user> listusers(
@requestparam(required = false) string name,
@requestparam(required = false) integer age) {
querywrapper<user> wrapper = new querywrapper<>();
if (name != null) {
wrapper.like("name", name); // 模糊查询姓名
}
if (age != null) {
wrapper.eq("age", age); // 精确查询年龄
}
return userservice.list(wrapper);
}
@getmapping("/page")
public page<user> pageusers(
@requestparam(defaultvalue = "1") integer pagenum,
@requestparam(defaultvalue = "10") integer pagesize,
@requestheader(value = "authorization") string token) {
// 从 token 中获取用户id
log.info("token:{}", token);
log.info("user:{}", redistemplate.opsforvalue().get(token.split(" ")[1]));
user user = (user) redistemplate.opsforvalue().get(token.split(" ")[1]);
if (user == null) throw new runtimeexception("未登录");
// 限流校验
if (!ratelimiter.allowrequest("page_" + user.getid())) {
throw new runtimeexception("请求过于频繁");
}
return userservice.page(new page<>(pagenum, pagesize));
}
// ------------------------------ other ------------------------------
@getmapping("/error")
public string geterror() {
throw new runtimeexception();
}
@postmapping("/login")
public string login(@requestbody user user) {
log.info("login user:{}", user);
// 验证用户逻辑(示例简化)
user dbuser = userservice.getone(new querywrapper<user>()
.eq("id", user.getid())
.eq("name", user.getname()));
if (dbuser == null) {
throw new runtimeexception("登录失败");
}
// 生成 token 并存储
string token = "token_" + uuid.randomuuid();
redistemplate.opsforvalue().set(
token,
dbuser,
duration.ofminutes(30)
);
return token;
}
}在启动类添加注解:
package com.example.spring_demo01;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.mapperscan;
import org.springframework.boot.springapplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.springbootapplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.servletcomponentscan;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.enablecaching;
@springbootapplication
@mapperscan("com.example.spring_demo01.mapper")
@servletcomponentscan // 启用 servlet 组件扫描(如 filter、servlet)
@enablecaching // 启动缓存,redis使用
public class springdemo01application {
public static void main(string[] args) {
springapplication.run(springdemo01application.class, args);
}
}常见问题排查
q1: 连接 redis 超时
- 检查服务状态:运行
redis-cli ping确认 redis 是否正常运行 - 查看端口占用:
lsof -i :6379 - 关闭防火墙:
sudo ufw allow 6379
q2: spring boot 无法注入 redistemplate
- 确认配置类:添加
@enablecaching和@configuration - 检查序列化器:显式配置序列化方式避免 classcastexception
@configuration
public class redisconfig {
@bean
public redistemplate<string, object> redistemplate(redisconnectionfactory factory) {
redistemplate<string, object> template = new redistemplate<>();
template.setconnectionfactory(factory);
template.setkeyserializer(new stringredisserializer());
template.setvalueserializer(new genericjackson2jsonredisserializer());
return template;
}
}总结
通过 redis 你可以为项目快速实现:
- 高性能缓存层 - 降低数据库负载
- 分布式会话管理 - 支持横向扩展
- 精细化流量控制 - 保障系统稳定性
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