使用 c++20 modules 导入 boost 模块的方法
我的项目案例地址:https://github.com/yudaichen/coroutine_blog
引言
c++20 引入的 modules 特性为 c++ 开发带来了诸多好处,如加快编译速度、减少头文件重复包含等问题。boost 作为一个广泛使用的 c++ 库集合,包含了许多强大的工具和库,例如 boost.asio、boost.beast、boost.redis 和 boost.json。本文将详细介绍如何使用 c++20 modules 导入这些 boost 模块。
环境准备
在开始之前,你需要确保以下几点:
- 编译器支持:使用支持 c++20 modules 的编译器,例如 gcc 10 及以上版本、clang 12 及以上版本。
- cmake 支持:cmake 版本需要在 3.20 及以上,因为 cmake 3.20 开始对 c++20 modules 有更好的支持。
- boost 库安装:确保已经正确安装了 boost 库,并且可以被编译器找到。你可以从 boost 官方网站 下载源码并进行编译安装。
项目结构
首先,我们创建一个简单的项目结构,如下所示:
project/ ├── cmakelists.txt ├── main.cpp
配置 cmakelists.txt
在 cmakelists.txt
文件中,我们需要进行一些配置以支持 c++20 modules 和 boost 库。以下是一个示例:
cmake_minimum_required(version 3.20) project(boostmoduleexample) # 设置 c++ 标准为 c++20 set(cmake_cxx_standard 20) set(cmake_cxx_standard_required on) # 查找 boost 库 find_package(boost required components asio beast redis json) # 添加可执行文件 add_executable(boostmoduleexample main.cpp) # 链接 boost 库 target_link_libraries(boostmoduleexample private boost::asio boost::beast boost::redis boost::json) # 设置编译器选项以支持 modules if (cmake_cxx_compiler_id strequal "gnu") target_compile_options(boostmoduleexample private -fmodules-ts) elseif (cmake_cxx_compiler_id strequal "clang") target_compile_options(boostmoduleexample private -fmodules -fcxx-modules) endif()
代码解释:
find_package
:用于查找 boost 库,并指定需要的组件,这里包括asio
、beast
、redis
和json
。target_link_libraries
:将 boost 库链接到可执行文件中。target_compile_options
:根据不同的编译器,设置相应的编译选项以支持 c++20 modules。
使用 c++20 modules 导入 boost 模块
实现boost.ixx
// boost.ixx module; // 全局模块片段 /*#include <boost/asio.hpp>*/ #include <boost/asio/co_spawn.hpp> #include <boost/asio/thread_pool.hpp> #include <boost/asio/static_thread_pool.hpp> #include <boost/asio/as_tuple.hpp> #include <boost/asio/signal_set.hpp> #include <boost/asio/awaitable.hpp> #include <boost/asio/buffer.hpp> #include <boost/asio/io_context.hpp> #include <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp> #include <boost/asio/ip/udp.hpp> #include <boost/asio/ssl.hpp> #include <boost/asio/use_awaitable.hpp> // 引入 boost.beast 头文件 #include <boost/beast/core.hpp> #include <boost/beast/http.hpp> #include <boost/beast/ssl.hpp> #include <boost/beast/version.hpp> #include <boost/beast/websocket.hpp> // 引入 boost.mysql 头文件 #include <boost/mysql.hpp> #include <boost/mysql/connection.hpp> #include <boost/mysql/handshake_params.hpp> #include <boost/mysql/results.hpp> // 引入 boost.redis 头文件 #include <boost/redis.hpp> #include <boost/redis/connection.hpp> #include <boost/redis/request.hpp> #include <boost/redis/response.hpp> // 引入 boost.json 头文件 #include <boost/json/array.hpp> #include <boost/json/object.hpp> #include <boost/json/parse.hpp> #include <boost/json/serialize.hpp> export module boost; // ==================== 主命名空间 ==================== export namespace asio { // --- 核心组件导出 --- using boost::asio::any_completion_executor; using boost::asio::any_io_executor; using boost::asio::async_connect; using boost::asio::awaitable; using boost::asio::bad_executor; using boost::asio::buffer; using boost::asio::cancellation_signal; using boost::asio::cancellation_slot; using boost::asio::cancellation_state; using boost::asio::cancellation_type; using boost::asio::co_spawn; using boost::asio::connect; using boost::asio::coroutine; using boost::asio::deferred; using boost::asio::detached; using boost::asio::detached_t; using boost::asio::dynamic_buffer; using boost::asio::execution_context; using boost::asio::executor; using boost::asio::executor_arg_t; using boost::asio::invalid_service_owner; using boost::asio::io_context; using boost::asio::multiple_exceptions; using boost::asio::post; using boost::asio::service_already_exists; using boost::asio::socket_base; using boost::asio::static_thread_pool; using boost::asio::steady_timer; using boost::asio::system_context; using boost::asio::system_executor; using boost::asio::thread_pool; using boost::asio::ip::address; using boost::asio::append; using boost::asio::as_tuple; using boost::asio::async_compose; using boost::asio::bind_cancellation_slot; using boost::asio::cancel_after; using boost::asio::consign; using boost::asio::default_completion_token_t; using boost::asio::detached; using boost::asio::enable_terminal_cancellation; using boost::asio::enable_total_cancellation; using boost::asio::make_strand; using boost::asio::signal_set; // --- 错误处理子命名空间 --- namespace error { using boost::asio::error::make_error_code; } // --- 协程相关子命名空间 --- namespace this_coro { boost_asio_inline_variable constexpr boost::asio::this_coro:: cancellation_state_t cancellation_state; boost_asio_inline_variable constexpr boost::asio::this_coro::executor_t executor; // using boost::asio::this_coro::cancellation_state; // using boost::asio::this_coro::executor; using boost::asio::this_coro::reset_cancellation_state; using boost::asio::this_coro::throw_if_cancelled; } // namespace this_coro // ==================== 封装 use_awaitable ==================== #if defined(generating_documentation) boost_asio_inline_variable constexpr boost::asio::use_awaitable_t<> use_awaitable; #else boost_asio_inline_variable constexpr boost::asio::use_awaitable_t<> use_awaitable(0, 0, 0); #endif // ==================== 网络支持 ==================== namespace net { namespace ip { address make_address(const std::string &str) { return boost::asio::ip::make_address(str); } } // namespace ip // --- tcp 协议实现 --- namespace tcp { using boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket::shutdown_send; // 使用 boost.asio 的 tcp 类 using protocol = boost::asio::ip::tcp; // 核心套接字类型 template <typename protocol = protocol> using basic_socket = boost::asio::basic_socket<protocol>; template <typename protocol = protocol> using basic_socket_acceptor = boost::asio::basic_socket_acceptor<protocol>; template <typename protocol = protocol> using basic_stream_socket = boost::asio::basic_stream_socket<protocol>; template <typename protocol = protocol> using basic_resolver = boost::asio::ip::basic_resolver<protocol>; // 预定义实例 using socket = basic_stream_socket<protocol>; using acceptor = basic_socket_acceptor<protocol>; using endpoint = boost::asio::ip::basic_endpoint<protocol>; using resolver = basic_resolver<protocol>; using resolver_query = boost::asio::ip::basic_resolver_query<protocol>; using resolver_results = boost::asio::ip::basic_resolver_results<protocol>; // 工厂函数 inline socket make_socket(io_context &ctx) { return socket(ctx); } inline acceptor make_acceptor(io_context &ctx, const endpoint &ep) { acceptor a(ctx); a.open(ep.protocol()); a.set_option(socket_base::reuse_address(true)); a.bind(ep); a.listen(); return a; } // 增强操作函数 template <typename protocol, typename... args> auto async_connect(basic_stream_socket<protocol> &sock, args &&...args) { return boost::asio::async_connect(sock, std::forward<args>(args)...); } // 封装 async_read_until template <typename asyncreadstream, typename dynamicbuffer, typename completiontoken> auto async_read_until(asyncreadstream &stream, dynamicbuffer &&buffer, const std::string &delim, completiontoken &&token) { return boost::asio::async_read_until( stream, std::forward<dynamicbuffer>(buffer), delim, std::forward<completiontoken>(token)); } // 封装 async_write template <typename asyncwritestream, typename constbuffersequence, typename completiontoken> auto async_write(asyncwritestream &stream, const constbuffersequence &buffers, completiontoken &&token) { return boost::asio::async_write(stream, buffers, std::forward<completiontoken>(token)); } // 导出 no_delay 选项 #if defined(generating_documentation) typedef implementation_defined no_delay; #else typedef boost::asio::detail::socket_option::boolean< boost_asio_os_def(ipproto_tcp), boost_asio_os_def(tcp_nodelay)> no_delay; #endif } // namespace tcp // --- udp 协议实现 --- namespace udp { using protocol = boost::asio::ip::udp; template <typename protocol = protocol> using basic_socket = boost::asio::basic_socket<protocol>; template <typename protocol = protocol> using basic_endpoint = boost::asio::ip::basic_endpoint<protocol>; using socket = basic_socket<protocol>; using endpoint = basic_endpoint<protocol>; } // namespace udp } // namespace net // ==================== ssl/tls 支持 ==================== namespace ssl { using boost::asio::ssl::context; using boost::asio::ssl::context_base; using boost::asio::ssl::host_name_verification; using boost::asio::ssl::stream; using boost::asio::ssl::stream_base; using boost::asio::ssl::verify_context; // ssl over tcp 特化类型 template <typename protocol = net::tcp::protocol> using ssl_socket = stream<net::tcp::basic_stream_socket<protocol>>; // ssl 工厂函数 template <typename protocol> ssl_socket<protocol> make_ssl_socket(net::tcp::basic_stream_socket<protocol> &sock, context &ctx) { return ssl_socket<protocol>(std::move(sock), ctx); } // ssl 错误处理 namespace error { using boost::asio::ssl::error::make_error_code; using boost::asio::ssl::error::stream_errors; } // namespace error } // namespace ssl } // namespace asio // ==================== boost.beast 支持 ==================== export namespace beast { // --- 核心组件导出 --- using boost::beast::error_code; using boost::beast::file_mode; using boost::beast::flat_buffer; using boost::beast::role_type; using boost::beast::string_view; using boost::beast::tcp_stream; using boost::beast::buffers_to_string; using boost::beast::get_lowest_layer; // --- http 支持 --- namespace http { using boost::beast::http::dynamic_body; using boost::beast::http::empty_body; using boost::beast::http::field; using boost::beast::http::file_body; using boost::beast::http::request; using boost::beast::http::response; using boost::beast::http::status; using boost::beast::http::string_body; using boost::beast::http::verb; using boost::beast::http::basic_fields; using boost::beast::http::request_parser; // http 工厂函数 template <typename body = string_body, typename fields = boost::beast::http::fields> auto make_request(verb method, std::string target, unsigned version = 11) { return request<body, fields>(method, target, version); } // http 异步操作 template <typename stream, typename request, typename completiontoken> auto async_write(stream &stream, request &&req, completiontoken &&token) { return boost::beast::http::async_write(stream, std::forward<request>(req), std::forward<completiontoken>(token)); } template <typename stream, typename request> auto async_write(stream &stream, request &&req) { return boost::beast::http::async_write(stream, std::forward<request>(req), asio::use_awaitable); } template <typename stream, typename response, typename completiontoken> auto async_read(stream &stream, flat_buffer &buffer, response &res, completiontoken &&token) { return boost::beast::http::async_read(stream, buffer, res, std::forward<completiontoken>(token)); } template <typename stream, typename response> auto async_read(stream &stream, flat_buffer &buffer, response &res) { return boost::beast::http::async_read(stream, buffer, res, asio::use_awaitable); } } // namespace http // --- websocket 支持 --- namespace websocket { using boost::beast::role_type; using boost::beast::websocket::close_code; using boost::beast::websocket::is_upgrade; using boost::beast::websocket::request_type; using boost::beast::websocket::response_type; using boost::beast::websocket::stream; using boost::beast::websocket::stream_base; // websocket 工厂函数 template <typename nextlayer> auto make_websocket_stream(nextlayer &next_layer) { return stream<nextlayer>(next_layer); } } // namespace websocket // --- ssl 支持 --- namespace ssl { using boost::beast::ssl_stream; // ssl 工厂函数 template <typename protocol> auto make_ssl_stream(asio::net::tcp::basic_stream_socket<protocol> &sock, asio::ssl::context &ctx) { return ssl_stream<asio::net::tcp::basic_stream_socket<protocol>>( std::move(sock), ctx); } } // namespace ssl } // namespace beast // ==================== boost.mysql 支持 ==================== export namespace mysql { using boost::mysql::connection; using boost::mysql::connection_pool; using boost::mysql::datetime; using boost::mysql::diagnostics; using boost::mysql::error_code; using boost::mysql::handshake_params; using boost::mysql::pool_params; using boost::mysql::pooled_connection; using boost::mysql::results; using boost::mysql::row_view; using boost::mysql::ssl_mode; using boost::mysql::statement; using boost::mysql::tcp_ssl_connection; using boost::mysql::with_params; // mysql 工厂函数 inline auto make_connection(connection<connection<boost::asio::ssl::stream< boost::asio::basic_stream_socket<boost::asio::ip::tcp>>>> ctx) { return connection<tcp_ssl_connection>(std::move(ctx)); } // mysql 异步操作 template <typename completiontoken> auto async_connect(connection<tcp_ssl_connection> &conn, const std::string &host, const std::string &user, const std::string &password, const std::string &database, completiontoken &&token) { return conn.async_connect(host, user, password, database, std::forward<completiontoken>(token)); } template <typename completiontoken> auto async_execute(connection<tcp_ssl_connection> &conn, const std::string &query, results &result, completiontoken &&token) { return conn.async_execute(query, result, std::forward<completiontoken>(token)); } } // namespace mysql // ==================== boost.redis 支持 ==================== export namespace redis { using boost::redis::connection; using boost::redis::request; using boost::redis::response; // redis 工厂函数 inline auto make_connection(asio::io_context &ctx) { return connection(ctx); } // redis 异步操作 template <typename completiontoken> auto async_execute(connection &conn, const request &req, boost::redis::response<boost::redis::ignore_t> &res, completiontoken &&token) { return conn.async_exec(req, res, std::forward<completiontoken>(token)); } } // namespace redis export namespace boost { namespace json { using boost::json::array; using boost::json::object; using boost::json::parse; using boost::json::serialize; using boost::json::value; } // namespace json } // namespace boost
代码解释:
import
语句:使用import
语句导入 boost 模块,这样可以避免传统头文件包含的一些问题。- 使用 boost 库:在
main
函数中,我们演示了如何使用 boost.asio 和 boost.json 库。
注意事项
- 模块可用性:确保你安装的 boost 版本支持 c++20 modules,有些较旧的版本可能不支持。
- 编译选项:不同的编译器对 c++20 modules 的支持可能有所不同,需要根据实际情况调整编译选项。
总结
通过使用 c++20 modules 导入 boost 模块,我们可以提高编译效率,减少头文件重复包含带来的问题。同时,利用 boost 库丰富的功能,我们可以更高效地开发 c++ 应用程序。希望本文能帮助你顺利使用 c++20 modules 导入 boost 模块。
以上就是使用 c++20 modules 导入 boost 模块的详细方法,如果你在实践过程中遇到任何问题,欢迎在评论区留言讨论。
我的项目案例地址:https://github.com/yudaichen/coroutine_blog
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