Python 使用 Pygame 库实现象棋游戏：创建游戏窗口、绘制棋盘、初始化棋子、实现棋子移动逻辑以及控制游戏循环_Python

介绍

在本教程中，我们将使用 python 和 pygame 库创建一个简单的象棋游戏。通过这个项目，您将学习如何使用 pygame 库创建游戏窗口、绘制棋盘、初始化棋子、实现棋子移动逻辑以及控制游戏循环。

环境设置

在开始之前，请确保已安装 python 和 pygame 库。您可以使用以下命令安装 pygame：

pip install pygame

项目分布

本项目将包括以下模块：

初始化 pygame 和设置游戏参数
绘制棋盘和初始化棋子
实现棋子的移动逻辑
控制游戏循环和用户输入
判定游戏结果和结束条件

代码编写实现

1. 初始化 pygame 和设置游戏参数

# 导入必要的库
import pygame
import sys

# 定义游戏参数
window_width = 640  # 窗口宽度
window_height = 640  # 窗口高度
grid_size = 80  # 棋盘格子的大小
board_color_1 = (238, 238, 210)  # 棋盘浅色
board_color_2 = (118, 150, 86)  # 棋盘深色

# 初始化 pygame
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((window_width, window_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('象棋游戏')

2. 绘制棋盘和初始化棋子

# 绘制棋盘
def draw_board(screen):
    for row in range(8):
        for col in range(8):
            color = board_color_1 if (row + col) % 2 == 0 else board_color_2
            pygame.draw.rect(
                screen,
                color,
                pygame.rect(col * grid_size, row * grid_size, grid_size, grid_size)
            )

# 主游戏循环
def game_loop():
    running = true
    while running:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.quit:
                running = false
        draw_board(screen)  # 每次循环都绘制棋盘
        pygame.display.flip()  # 刷新屏幕内容
    pygame.quit()

# 开始游戏循环
game_loop()

3. 实现棋子的移动逻辑

# 棋子类
class chesspiece:
    def __init__(self, row, col, color):
        self.row = row
        self.col = col
        self.color = color

    def move(self, new_row, new_col):
        self.row = new_row
        self.col = new_col

# 初始化棋子
red_pieces = [chesspiece(0, 0, 'red'), chesspiece(0, 1, 'red')]  # 红方棋子
black_pieces = [chesspiece(9, 0, 'black'), chesspiece(9, 1, 'black')]  # 黑方棋子

# 绘制棋子
def draw_pieces(screen):
    for piece in red_pieces + black_pieces:
        pygame.draw.circle(
            screen,
            (255, 0, 0) if piece.color == 'red' else (0, 0, 0),
            (piece.col * grid_size + grid_size // 2, piece.row * grid_size + grid_size // 2),
            grid_size // 3
        )

# 移动棋子
def move_piece(piece, new_row, new_col):
    piece.move(new_row, new_col)

# 判断是否合法移动
def is_valid_move(piece, new_row, new_col):
    # 在这里实现棋子的合法移动规则
    return true  # 暂时返回 true，表示任何移动都合法

# 处理棋子移动
def handle_piece_movement(piece, new_row, new_col):
    if is_valid_move(piece, new_row, new_col):
        move_piece(piece, new_row, new_col)

# 主游戏循环
def game_loop():
    running = true
    selected_piece = none
    while running:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.quit:
                running = false
            elif event.type == pygame.mousebuttondown:
                row = event.pos[1] // grid_size
                col = event.pos[0] // grid_size
                for piece in red_pieces + black_pieces:
                    if piece.row == row and piece.col == col:
                        selected_piece = piece
            elif event.type == pygame.mousebuttonup:
                if selected_piece:
                    new_row = event.pos[1] // grid_size
                    new_col = event.pos[0] // grid_size
                    handle_piece_movement(selected_piece, new_row, new_col)
                    selected_piece = none
        draw_board(screen)  # 每次循环都绘制棋盘
        draw_pieces(screen)  # 绘制棋子
        pygame.display.flip()  # 刷新屏幕内容
    pygame.quit()

# 开始游戏循环
game_loop()

4. 控制游戏循环和用户输入

# 在 game_loop() 函数中添加以下内容：

# 处理鼠标点击事件
def handle_mouse_click(selected_piece, event):
    row = event.pos[1] // grid_size
    col = event.pos[0] // grid_size
    for piece in red_pieces + black_pieces:
        if piece.row == row and piece.col == col:
            selected_piece = piece
    return selected_piece

# 处理鼠标释放事件
def handle_mouse_release(selected_piece, event):
    if selected_piece:
        new_row = event.pos[1] // grid_size
        new_col = event.pos[0] // grid_size
        handle_piece_movement(selected_piece, new_row, new_col)
        selected_piece = none
    return selected_piece

# 主游戏循环
def game_loop():
    running = true
    selected_piece = none
    while running:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.quit:
                running = false
            elif event.type == pygame.mousebuttondown:
                selected_piece = handle_mouse_click(selected_piece, event)
            elif event.type == pygame.mousebuttonup:
                selected_piece = handle_mouse_release(selected_piece, event)
        draw_board(screen)  # 每次循环都绘制棋盘
        draw_pieces(screen)  # 绘制棋子
        pygame.display.flip()  # 刷新屏幕内容
    pygame.quit()

5. 判定游戏结果和结束条件

# 在 game_loop() 函数中添加以下内容：

# 判断游戏结束条件
def is_game_over():
    # 在这里实现判断游戏结束的逻辑
    return false  # 暂时返回 false，表示游戏不会结束

# 主游戏循环
def game_loop():
    running = true
    selected_piece = none
    while running:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.quit:
                running = false
            elif event.type == pygame.mousebuttondown:
                selected_piece = handle_mouse_click(selected_piece, event)
            elif event.type == pygame.mousebuttonup:
                selected_piece = handle_mouse_release(selected_piece, event)
        draw_board(screen)  # 每次循环都绘制棋盘
        draw_pieces(screen)  # 绘制棋子
        pygame.display.flip()  # 刷新屏幕内容
        if is_game_over():
            running = false
    pygame.quit()