我要评论android中获取定位信息的方式有很多种，系统自带的locationmanager，以及第三方厂商提供的一些定位sdk，都能帮助我们获取当前经纬度，但第三方厂商一般都需要申请相关的key，且调用量高时，还会产生资费问题。这里采用locationmanager + fusedlocationproviderclient 的方式进行经纬度的获取，以解决普通场景下获取经纬度和经纬度转换地址的功能。
一，添加定位权限
<!--允许获取精确位置，精准定位必选--> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.access_fine_location" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.access_coarse_location" /> <!--后台获取位置信息，若需后台定位则必选--> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.access_background_location" /> <!--用于申请调用a-gps模块,卫星定位加速--> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.access_location_extra_commands" />
二，添加依赖库
implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.6.4'
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.6.2'
implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:21.0.1'三，使用locationmanager获取当前经纬度
获取经纬度时，可根据自己的诉求进行参数自定义，如果对经纬度要求不是很精确的可以自行配置criteria里面的参数。
获取定位前需要先判断相关的服务是否可用，获取定位的服务其实有很多种选择，因为个人项目对经纬度准确性要求较高，为了保证获取的成功率和准确性，只使用了gps和网络定位两种，如果在国内还会有基站获取等方式，可以自行修改。
import android.manifest.permission
import android.location.*
import android.os.bundle
import android.util.log
import androidx.annotation.requirespermission
import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendcancellablecoroutine
import kotlinx.coroutines.withtimeout
import kotlin.coroutines.resume
object locationmanagerutils {
val tag = "locationmanagerutils"
/**
* @mlocationmanager 传入locationmanager对象
* @mindistance 位置变化最小距离：当位置距离变化超过此值时，将更新位置信息（单位：米）
* @timeout 超时时间，如果超时未返回，则直接使用默认值
*/
@requirespermission(anyof = [permission.access_coarse_location, permission.access_fine_location])
suspend fun getcurrentposition(
mlocationmanager: locationmanager,
timeout: long = 3000,
):location{
var locationlistener : locationlistener?=null
return try {
//超时未返回则直接获取失败，返回默认值
withtimeout(timeout){
suspendcancellablecoroutine {continuation ->
//获取最佳定位方式，如果获取不到则默认采用网络定位。
var bestprovider = mlocationmanager.getbestprovider(createcriteria(),true)
if (bestprovider.isnullorempty()||bestprovider == "passive"){
bestprovider = "network"
}
log.d(tag, "getcurrentposition:bestprovider:${bestprovider}")
locationlistener = object : locationlistener {
override fun onlocationchanged(location: location) {
log.d(tag, "getcurrentposition:oncompete:${location.latitude},${location.longitude}")
if (continuation.isactive){
continuation.resume(location)
mlocationmanager.removeupdates(this)
}
}
override fun onproviderdisabled(provider: string) {
}
override fun onproviderenabled(provider: string) {
}
}
//开始定位
mlocationmanager.requestlocationupdates(bestprovider,
1000,0f,
locationlistener!!)
}
}
}catch (e:exception){
try {
locationlistener?.let {
mlocationmanager.removeupdates(it)
}
}catch (e:exception){
log.d(tag, "getcurrentposition:removeupdate:${e.message}")
}
//超时直接返回默认的空对象
log.d(tag, "getcurrentposition:onerror:${e.message}")
return createdefaultlocation()
}
}
@requirespermission(anyof = [permission.access_coarse_location, permission.access_fine_location])
suspend fun repeatlocation(mlocationmanager: locationmanager):location{
return suspendcancellablecoroutine {continuation ->
//获取最佳定位方式，如果获取不到则默认采用网络定位。
var bestprovider = mlocationmanager.getbestprovider(createcriteria(),true)
if (bestprovider.isnullorempty()||bestprovider == "passive"){
bestprovider = "network"
}
log.d(tag, "getcurrentposition:bestprovider:${bestprovider}")
val locationlistener = object : locationlistener {
override fun onlocationchanged(location: location) {
log.d(tag, "getcurrentposition:oncompete:${location.latitude},${location.longitude}")
if (continuation.isactive){
continuation.resume(location)
}
mlocationmanager.removeupdates(this)
}
override fun onproviderdisabled(provider: string) {
}
override fun onproviderenabled(provider: string) {
}
}
//开始定位
mlocationmanager.requestlocationupdates(bestprovider,1000, 0f, locationlistener)
}
}
@requirespermission(anyof = [permission.access_coarse_location, permission.access_fine_location])
fun getlastlocation( mlocationmanager: locationmanager): location {
//获取最佳定位方式，如果获取不到则默认采用网络定位。
var currentprovider = mlocationmanager.getbestprovider(createcriteria(), true)
if (currentprovider.isnullorempty()||currentprovider == "passive"){
currentprovider = "network"
}
return mlocationmanager.getlastknownlocation(currentprovider) ?: createdefaultlocation()
}
//创建定位默认值
fun createdefaultlocation():location{
val location = location("network")
location.longitude = 0.0
location.latitude = 0.0
return location
}
private fun createcriteria():criteria{
return criteria().apply {
accuracy = criteria.accuracy_fine
isaltituderequired = false
isbearingrequired = false
iscostallowed = true
powerrequirement = criteria.power_high
isspeedrequired = false
}
}
///定位是否可用
fun checklocationmanageravailable(mlocationmanager: locationmanager):boolean{
return mlocationmanager.isproviderenabled(locationmanager.network_provider)||
mlocationmanager.isproviderenabled(locationmanager.gps_provider)
}
}四，使用fusedlocationproviderclient
在获取经纬度时会出现各种异常的场景，会导致成功的回调一直无法触发，这里使用了协程，如果超过指定超时时间未返回，则直接默认为获取失败，进行下一步的处理。
import android.manifest
import android.app.activity
import android.content.context
import android.content.context.location_service
import android.content.intent
import android.location.geocoder
import android.location.location
import android.location.locationmanager
import android.provider.settings
import android.util.log
import androidx.annotation.requirespermission
import com.google.android.gms.location.locationservices
import kotlinx.coroutines.dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendcancellablecoroutine
import kotlinx.coroutines.withcontext
import kotlinx.coroutines.withtimeout
import java.io.ioexception
import java.util.*
import kotlin.coroutines.resume
object fusedlocationproviderutils {
val tag = "fusedlocationutils"
@requirespermission(anyof = ["android.permission.access_coarse_location", "android.permission.access_fine_location"])
suspend fun checkfusedlocationprovideravailable(fusedlocationclient: fusedlocationproviderclient):boolean{
return try {
withtimeout(1000){
suspendcancellablecoroutine { continuation ->
fusedlocationclient.locationavailability.addonfailurelistener {
log.d(tag, "locationavailability:addonfailurelistener:${it.message}")
if (continuation.isactive){
continuation.resume(false)
}
}.addonsuccesslistener {
log.d(tag, "locationavailability:addonsuccesslistener:${it.islocationavailable}")
if (continuation.isactive){
continuation.resume(it.islocationavailable)
}
}
}
}
}catch (e:exception){
return false
}
}
///获取最后已知的定位信息
@requirespermission(anyof = ["android.permission.access_coarse_location", "android.permission.access_fine_location"])
suspend fun getlastlocation(fusedlocationclient: fusedlocationproviderclient):location{
return suspendcancellablecoroutine {continuation ->
fusedlocationclient.lastlocation.addonsuccesslistener {
if (continuation.isactive){
log.d(tag, "current location success:$it")
if (it != null){
continuation.resume(it)
}else{
continuation.resume(createdefaultlocation())
}
}
}.addonfailurelistener {
continuation.resume(createdefaultlocation())
}
}
}
/**
* 获取当前定位，需要申请定位权限
*
*/
@requirespermission(anyof = ["android.permission.access_coarse_location", "android.permission.access_fine_location"])
suspend fun getcurrentposition(fusedlocationclient: fusedlocationproviderclient): location {
return suspendcancellablecoroutine {continuation ->
fusedlocationclient.getcurrentlocation(createlocationrequest(),object : cancellationtoken(){
override fun oncanceledrequested(p0: ontokencanceledlistener): cancellationtoken {
return cancellationtokensource().token
}
override fun iscancellationrequested(): boolean {
return false
}
}).addonsuccesslistener {
if (continuation.isactive){
log.d(tag, "current location success:$it")
if (it != null){
continuation.resume(it)
}else{
continuation.resume(createdefaultlocation())
}
}
}.addonfailurelistener {
log.d(tag, "current location fail:$it")
if (continuation.isactive){
continuation.resume(createdefaultlocation())
}
}.addoncanceledlistener {
log.d(tag, "current location cancel:")
if (continuation.isactive){
continuation.resume(createdefaultlocation())
}
}
}
}
//创建当前locationrequest对象
private fun createlocationrequest():currentlocationrequest{
return currentlocationrequest.builder()
.setdurationmillis(1000)
.setmaxupdateagemillis(5000)
.setpriority(priority.priority_high_accuracy)
.build()
}
//创建默认值
private fun createdefaultlocation():location{
val location = location("network")
location.longitude = 0.0
location.latitude = 0.0
return location
}
}五，整合locationmanager和fusedlocationproviderclient
在获取定位时，可能会出现gps定位未开启的情况，所以不管是locationmanager或fusedlocationproviderclient都需要判断当前服务是否可用，获取定位时，如果gps信号较弱等异常情况下，就需要考虑到获取定位超时的情况，这里使用了协程，如fusedlocationproviderclient超过3秒未获取成功，则直接切换到locationmanager进行二次获取，这是提升获取经纬度成功的关键。
在实际项目中，如果对获取经纬度有较高的考核要求时，通过结合locationmanager和fusedlocationproviderclient如果还是获取不到，可考虑集成第三方的进行进一步获取，可以考虑使用华为的免费融合定位服务，因为我们使用过百度地图的sdk，每天会出现千万分之五左右的定位错误和定位漂移问题。
import android.manifest
import android.app.activity
import android.content.context
import android.content.context.location_service
import android.content.intent
import android.location.geocoder
import android.location.location
import android.location.locationmanager
import android.provider.settings
import android.util.log
import androidx.annotation.requirespermission
import com.google.android.gms.location.locationservices
import kotlinx.coroutines.dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendcancellablecoroutine
import kotlinx.coroutines.withcontext
import kotlinx.coroutines.withtimeout
import java.io.ioexception
import java.util.*
import kotlin.coroutines.resume
object locationhelper {
fun getlocationservicestatus(context: context):boolean{
return (context.getsystemservice(location_service) as locationmanager)
.isproviderenabled(locationmanager.gps_provider)
}
/**
* 打开定位服务设置
*/
fun openlocationsetting(context: context):boolean{
return try {
val settingsintent = intent()
settingsintent.action = settings.action_location_source_settings
settingsintent.addcategory(intent.category_default)
settingsintent.addflags(intent.flag_activity_new_task)
settingsintent.addflags(intent.flag_activity_no_history)
settingsintent.addflags(intent.flag_activity_exclude_from_recents)
context.startactivity(settingsintent)
true
} catch (ex: java.lang.exception) {
false
}
}
/**
* 获取当前定位
*/
@requirespermission(anyof = [manifest.permission.access_coarse_location, manifest.permission.access_fine_location])
suspend fun getlocation(context: activity,timeout: long = 2000):location{
val location = getlocationbyfusedlocationproviderclient(context)
//默认使用fusedlocationproviderclient 如果fusedlocationproviderclient不可用或获取失败，则使用locationmanager进行二次获取
log.d("locationhelper", "getlocation:$location")
return if (location.latitude == 0.0){
getlocationbylocationmanager(context, timeout)
}else{
location
}
}
@requirespermission(anyof = [manifest.permission.access_coarse_location, manifest.permission.access_fine_location])
private suspend fun getlocationbylocationmanager(context: activity,timeout: long = 2000):location{
log.d("locationhelper", "getlocationbylocationmanager")
val locationmanager = context.getsystemservice(location_service) as locationmanager
//检查locationmanager是否可用
return if (locationmanagerutils.checklocationmanageravailable(locationmanager)){
//使用locationmanager获取当前经纬度
val location = locationmanagerutils.getcurrentposition(locationmanager, timeout)
if (location.latitude == 0.0){
locationmanagerutils.getlastlocation(locationmanager)
}else{
location
}
}else{
//获取失败，则采用默认经纬度
locationmanagerutils.createdefaultlocation()
}
}
@requirespermission(anyof = [manifest.permission.access_coarse_location, manifest.permission.access_fine_location])
private suspend fun getlocationbyfusedlocationproviderclient(context: activity):location{
log.d("locationhelper", "getlocationbyfusedlocationproviderclient")
//使用fusedlocationproviderclient进行定位
val fusedlocationclient = locationservices.getfusedlocationproviderclient(context)
return if (fusedlocationproviderutils.checkfusedlocationprovideravailable(fusedlocationclient)){
withcontext(dispatchers.io){
//使用fusedlocationproviderclient获取当前经纬度
val location = fusedlocationproviderutils.getcurrentposition(fusedlocationclient)
if (location.latitude == 0.0){
fusedlocationproviderutils.getlastlocation(fusedlocationclient)
}else{
location
}
}
}else{
locationmanagerutils.createdefaultlocation()
}
}
}注：因为获取定位是比较耗电的操作，在实际使用时，可增加缓存机制，比如2分钟之内频繁，则返回上一次缓存的数据，如果超过2分钟则重新获取一次，并缓存起来。
六，获取当前经纬度信息或经纬度转换地址
1，获取当前经纬度
@requirespermission(anyof = [manifest.permission.access_coarse_location, manifest.permission.access_fine_location])
fun getcurrentlocation(activity:activity){
if (activity != null){
val exceptionhandler = coroutineexceptionhandler { _, exception ->
}
viewmodelscope.launch(exceptionhandler) {
val location = locationhelper.getlocation(activity!!)
val map = hashmap<string,string>()
map["latitude"] ="${location.latitude}"
map["longitude"] = "${location.longitude}"
}
}
}2，经纬度转换地址
/**
* @param latitude 经度
* @param longitude 纬度
* @return 详细位置信息
*/
suspend fun convertaddress(context: context, latitude: double, longitude: double): string {
return try {
withtimeout(3000){
suspendcancellablecoroutine { continuation ->
try {
val mgeocoder = geocoder(context, locale.getdefault())
val mstringbuilder = stringbuilder()
if (geocoder.ispresent()){
val maddresses = mgeocoder.getfromlocation(latitude, longitude, 1)
if (maddresses!= null &&maddresses.size >0) {
val address = maddresses[0]
log.d("locationutils", "convertaddress()--->$address")
mstringbuilder.append(address.getaddressline(0)?:"")
.append(",")
.append(address.adminarea?:address.subadminarea?:"")
.append(",")
.append(address.locality?:address.sublocality?:"")
.append(",")
.append(address.thoroughfare?:address.subthoroughfare?:"")
}
}
if (continuation.isactive){
continuation.resume(mstringbuilder.tostring())
}
} catch (e: ioexception) {
log.d("locationutils", "convertaddress()--ioexception->${e.message}")
if (continuation.isactive){
continuation.resume("")
}
}
}
}
}catch (e:exception){
log.d("locationutils", "convertaddress()--->timeout")
return ""
}
}调用时：
fun covertaddress(latitude:double,longitude:double){
if (activity != null){
val exceptionhandler = coroutineexceptionhandler { _, exception ->
}
viewmodelscope.launch(exceptionhandler) {
val hashmap = argument as hashmap<*, *>
withcontext(dispatchers.io){
val address = locationhelper.convertaddress(activity!!,
"${hashmap["latitude"]}".todouble(),
"${hashmap["longitude"]}".todouble())
}
}
}
}注：经纬度转换地址时，需要开启一个线程或者协程进行转换，不然会阻塞主线程，引发异常。
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