我要评论最近在写一些运维小工具，比如批量进行ping包的工具，实现不困难，反正就是ping，统计，然后输出，不过我本着自己既是开发者又是使用者的理念，还是不喜欢输出特别难看的工具，就像这样：
所以就去https://pkg.go.dev/瞄了一眼，看看有没有啥适合的库能够把输出整的好看点的，于是找到了一个库github.com/jedib0t/go-pretty/v6/table
这是一个在命令行输出格式化表格的库，这里记录一下使用这个库进行一些格式化输出的过程。
其实还有一个比较简单的库叫做gotable，也能实现基础的格式化输出功能，使用起来也方便些，不过功能相对来说就要单一一些，在表格样式设置上会差一些，没那么自由
也可以看下https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/liushuochen/gotable#section-readme
接下来开始正式的去在命令行生成好看的满足需要的表格。
生成table
首先我们要生成一个table结构体的实例，可以直接new一个，也可以自己构造：
t := table.table{}
// 或者
t := table.newwriter()
newwriter会返回一个writer接口
表头设置
表格首先要设置表头，以我的应用为例，表头设置：
header := table.row{"id", "ip", "num", "packetsrecv", "packetloss", "avgrtt"}这样生成了一个表头行，然后要通过appendheader方法在表格中生效：
t.appendheader(header)
看看效果，表头已经打印出来了
+----+----+-----+-------------+------------+--------+ | id | ip | num | packetsrecv | packetloss | avgrtt | +----+----+-----+-------------+------------+--------+ +----+----+-----+-------------+------------+--------+
插入行
数据的插入和表头的生成类似，要生成一个table.row，然后调用appendrow方法：
func (d *demo) appendrow() {
for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ {
row := table.row{i, fmt.sprintf("10.0.0.%v", i), i + 4, i, i, "appendrow"}
d.t.appendrow(row)
}
}
效果如下：
+----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+-----------+ | id | ip | num | packetsrecv | packetloss | avgrtt | +----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+-----------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrow | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | appendrow | | 3 | 10.0.0.3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | appendrow | | 4 | 10.0.0.4 | 8 | 4 | 4 | appendrow | | 5 | 10.0.0.5 | 9 | 5 | 5 | appendrow | +----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+-----------+
当然也可以生成table.row的切片后调用一次appendrows方法，效果和上面是一样的：
func (d *demo) appendrows() {
var rows []table.row
for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ {
rows = append(rows, table.row{i, fmt.sprintf("10.0.0.%v", i), i + 4, i, i, "appendrows"})
}
d.t.appendrows(rows)
}
+----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+ | id | ip | num | packetsrecv | packetloss | avgrtt | +----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrow | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | appendrow | | 3 | 10.0.0.3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | appendrow | | 4 | 10.0.0.4 | 8 | 4 | 4 | appendrow | | 5 | 10.0.0.5 | 9 | 5 | 5 | appendrow | | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrows | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | appendrows | | 3 | 10.0.0.3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | appendrows | | 4 | 10.0.0.4 | 8 | 4 | 4 | appendrows | | 5 | 10.0.0.5 | 9 | 5 | 5 | appendrows | +----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+
表格标题
在设置表格实际内容时，还可以设置一个表格标题，如下：
func (d *demo) addtitle() {
d.t.settitle("this is easy table")
}
+-------------------------------------------------------------+ | this is easy table | +----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+ | id | ip | num | packetsrecv | packetloss | avgrtt | +----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrow | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | appendrow | | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrows | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | appendrows | +----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+
自动标号
在插入行的时候，我额外输入了一个id列，作为标号，其实table提供了相关的方法和接口，只需要调用setautoindex方法，增加自动的索引列即可：
func (d *demo) makeheader() {
header := table.row{"ip", "num", "packetsrecv", "packetloss", "avgrtt"}
d.t.appendheader(header)
d.t.setautoindex(true)
}
+------------------------------------------------------------+ | this is easy table | +---+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+ | | ip | num | packetsrecv | packetloss | avgrtt | +---+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrow | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | appendrow | | 3 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrows | | 4 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | appendrows | +---+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+
单元格合并
有的时候，相邻单元格的值一样我们可能会想要进行合并，这样更美观，单元格合并分为列合并和行合并；先定义一下这里的列合并和行合并：
- 列合并：针对单列，如果单列中的多个相邻行数据一样，那么就合并为一个大行；
- 行合并：针对单行，如果单行中的多个相邻列数据一样，那么久合并为一个大列；
这里我们用到的原始表格如下：
+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | this is easy table | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | ip | num | packetsrecv | packetloss | avgrtt | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrow | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | appendrow | | 3 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrows | | 4 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | appendrows | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | total | total | total | total | 4 | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+
列合并
我们先进行最后一列avgrtt的列合并：
func (d *demo) columnmerge() {
d.t.setcolumnconfigs([]table.columnconfig{
{
name: "avgrtt",
// number是指定列的序号
// number: 5,
automerge: true,
align: text.aligncenter,
},
})
}
可以选择通过列的表头或者列的序号来选择具体进行合并的列：
+---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | ip | num | packetsrecv | packetloss | avgrtt | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrow | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | | 3 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrows | | 4 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | total | total | total | total | 4 | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+
这样看表格线条不明显，感觉不到区分，那么可以加上一些设置d.t.style().options.separaterows = true
+---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | ip | num | packetsrecv | packetloss | avgrtt | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrow | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+ | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 3 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrows | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+ | | 4 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | total | total | total | total | 4 | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+
行合并
行合并我们对最后一行的汇总行进行合并，具体做法是在添加汇总行时增加rowconfig参数：
func (d *demo) appendfooter() {
d.t.appendfooter(table.row{"total", "total", "total", "total", count}, table.rowconfig{automerge: true})
}
+---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | ip | num | packetsrecv | packetloss | avgrtt | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrow | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+ | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 3 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrows | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+ | | 4 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | total | 4 | +---+---------------------------------------------+------------+
样式设置
现在整个表格已经生成，但我们还需要进行一些美化，这就要对表格的样式进行设置了；
居中设置
对于居中，无法直接进行全局的设置，必须根据列进行，如下：
func (d *demo) setaligncenter() {
column := []string{"ip", "num", "packetsrecv", "packetloss", "avgrtt"}
c := []table.columnconfig{}
// 根据表格的列数循环进行设置，统一居中
for i := 1; i <= len(column); i++ {
name := column[i-1]
if name == "avgrtt" {
c = append(c, table.columnconfig{
name: "avgrtt",
automerge: true,
align: text.aligncenter,
alignheader: text.aligncenter,
alignfooter: text.aligncenter,
})
continue
}
c = append(c, table.columnconfig{
name: column[i],
align: text.aligncenter,
alignheader: text.aligncenter,
alignfooter: text.aligncenter,
})
}
d.t.setcolumnconfigs(c)
}
居中效果如下，这样既能保留列合并又完成了剧中设置：
+---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | ip | num | packetsrecv | packetloss | avgrtt | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrow | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+ | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 3 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | appendrows | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+ | | 4 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | total | 4 | +---+---------------------------------------------+------------+
数字自动高亮标红
在我的应用场景中，ping的ip如果出现了丢包情况，那就要红色高亮，方便使用者马上关注到，这种情况下，可以通过transformer来设置：
func (d *demo) setwarncolor() {
// 字体颜色
warncolor := text.colors{text.bgred}
warntransformer := text.transformer(func(val interface{}) string {
if val.(float64) > 0 {
// 统计丢包服务器总数
return warncolor.sprintf("%.2f%%", val)
}
return fmt.sprintf("%v%%", val)
})
d.t.setcolumnconfigs([]table.columnconfig{
{
name: "packetloss",
automerge: true,
align: text.aligncenter,
alignheader: text.aligncenter,
alignfooter: text.aligncenter,
transformer: warntransformer,
},
})
}
实际效果如下：
完整demo代码
package main
import (
"fmt"
"math/rand"
"github.com/jedib0t/go-pretty/v6/table"
"github.com/jedib0t/go-pretty/v6/text"
)
var count = 0
type demo struct {
t table.writer
}
func newdemo() *demo {
return &demo{
t: table.newwriter(),
}
}
func (d *demo) makeheader() {
header := table.row{"ip", "num", "packetsrecv", "packetloss", "avgrtt"}
d.t.appendheader(header)
d.t.setautoindex(true)
// d.t.setstyle(table.stylelight)
d.t.style().options.separaterows = true
}
func (d *demo) addtitle() {
d.t.settitle("this is easy table")
}
func (d *demo) appendrow() {
// rowconfig := table.rowconfig{automerge: true}
for i := 1; i <= 2; i++ {
row := table.row{fmt.sprintf("10.0.0.%v", i), i + 4, i, rand.float64() * 100, "appendrow"}
count += 1
d.t.appendrow(row)
}
d.t.appendrow(table.row{fmt.sprintf("10.0.0.%v", 4), 1 + 4, 1, 0.0, "appendrow"})
}
func (d *demo) appendrows() {
var rows []table.row
for i := 1; i <= 2; i++ {
rows = append(rows, table.row{fmt.sprintf("10.0.0.%v", i), i + 4, i, rand.float64() * 100, "appendrows"})
count += 1
}
d.t.appendrows(rows)
}
func (d *demo) appendfooter() {
d.t.appendfooter(table.row{"total", "total", "total", "total", count}, table.rowconfig{automerge: true, automergealign: text.aligncenter})
}
func (d *demo) columnmerge() {
d.t.setcolumnconfigs([]table.columnconfig{
{
name: "avgrtt",
// number是指定列的序号
// number: 5,
automerge: true,
align: text.aligncenter,
},
})
}
func (d *demo) setaligncenter() {
column := []string{"ip", "num", "packetsrecv", "packetloss", "avgrtt"}
c := []table.columnconfig{}
// 根据表格的列数循环进行设置，统一居中
for i := 1; i <= len(column); i++ {
name := column[i-1]
if name == "avgrtt" {
c = append(c, table.columnconfig{
name: "avgrtt",
automerge: true,
align: text.aligncenter,
alignheader: text.aligncenter,
alignfooter: text.aligncenter,
})
continue
}
c = append(c, table.columnconfig{
name: column[i],
align: text.aligncenter,
alignheader: text.aligncenter,
alignfooter: text.aligncenter,
})
}
d.t.setcolumnconfigs(c)
}
func (d *demo) setwarncolor() {
// 字体颜色
warncolor := text.colors{text.bgred}
warntransformer := text.transformer(func(val interface{}) string {
if val.(float64) > 0 {
// 统计丢包服务器总数
return warncolor.sprintf("%.2f%%", val)
}
return fmt.sprintf("%v%%", val)
})
d.t.setcolumnconfigs([]table.columnconfig{
{
name: "packetloss",
automerge: true,
align: text.aligncenter,
alignheader: text.aligncenter,
alignfooter: text.aligncenter,
transformer: warntransformer,
},
})
}
func (d *demo) print() {
fmt.println(d.t.render())
}
func main() {
demo := newdemo()
demo.makeheader()
// demo.addtitle()
demo.appendrow()
demo.appendrows()
// demo.columnmerge()
demo.appendfooter()
// demo.setaligncenter()
demo.setwarncolor()
demo.print()
}
结语
本文介绍了使用第三方库美化golang的命令行表格格式化输出，除了table以外，go-pretty库中还包含了进度条、列表等美化方法，感兴趣可以自己看看官方文档。
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持代码网。
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