Python如何使用os模块遍历目录下的所有文件

import os

# 指定要遍历的目录路径
directory = "/path/to/your/folder"

# 获取目录内容
files_and_dirs = os.listdir(directory)

print("目录内容：")
for item in files_and_dirs:
    print(f"📁 {item}")

import os

def traverse_directory(root_dir):
    print(f"🔍 正在遍历目录: {root_dir}")
    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(root_dir):
        # 打印当前目录路径
        print(f"📂 当前目录: {dirpath}")

        # 打印所有文件
        for filename in filenames:
            file_path = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
            print(f"📄 文件: {file_path}")

        # 打印所有子目录（可选）
        for dirname in dirnames:
            dir_full_path = os.path.join(dirpath, dirname)
            print(f"📁 子目录: {dir_full_path}")

# 调用函数
traverse_directory("/users/yourname/documents")

import os

def safe_traverse(root_dir):
    try:
        if not os.path.exists(root_dir):
            print("❌ 路径不存在！")
            return

        if not os.access(root_dir, os.r_ok):
            print("❌ 没有读取权限！")
            return

        print(f"✅ 开始安全遍历: {root_dir}")
        
        for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(root_dir):
            print(f"📂 目录: {dirpath}")
            
            for filename in filenames:
                file_path = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
                try:
                    # 尝试获取文件大小（测试是否可读）
                    size = os.path.getsize(file_path)
                    print(f"📄 {filename} (大小: {size} bytes)")
                except oserror as e:
                    print(f"⚠️ 无法读取文件: {file_path} | 错误: {e}")

    except exception as e:
        print(f"💥 发生未知错误: {e}")

# 调用
safe_traverse("/users/yourname/documents")

import os

def filter_files_by_extension(root_dir, extensions):
    matched_files = []
    
    for dirpath, _, filenames in os.walk(root_dir):
        for filename in filenames:
            if any(filename.lower().endswith(ext.lower()) for ext in extensions):
                full_path = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
                matched_files.append(full_path)
                print(f"✅ 匹配: {full_path}")
    
    print(f"\n📊 共找到 {len(matched_files)} 个匹配文件。")
    return matched_files

# 使用
txt_md_files = filter_files_by_extension(
    root_dir="/users/yourname/documents",
    extensions=['.txt', '.md']
)

import os

def traverse_with_exclusions(root_dir, exclude_dirs=none):
    if exclude_dirs is none:
        exclude_dirs = {'.git', '__pycache__', 'node_modules', '.venv'}

    print(f"🚀 开始遍历，排除: {exclude_dirs}")

    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(root_dir):
        # 动态过滤掉不想遍历的目录
        dirnames[:] = [d for d in dirnames if d not in exclude_dirs]

        print(f"📂 当前目录: {dirpath}")
        
        for filename in filenames:
            print(f"📄 {filename}")

# 调用
traverse_with_exclusions("/users/yourname/project")

import os
from datetime import datetime

def get_file_info(root_dir):
    print("📊 文件详细信息汇总:")
    print("-" * 60)

    for dirpath, _, filenames in os.walk(root_dir):
        for filename in filenames:
            file_path = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
            try:
                stat = os.stat(file_path)
                
                # 转换时间戳为可读格式
                mtime = datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_mtime).strftime('%y-%m-%d %h:%m:%s')
                ctime = datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_ctime).strftime('%y-%m-%d %h:%m:%s')
                size = stat.st_size
                
                print(f"📄 {filename}")
                print(f"   🕒 修改时间: {mtime}")
                print(f"   🕒 创建时间: {ctime}")
                print(f"   📏 大小: {size} bytes")
                print(f"   📍 路径: {file_path}")
                print("-" * 40)
                
            except exception as e:
                print(f"⚠️ 无法获取信息: {file_path} | 错误: {e}")

get_file_info("/users/yourname/documents")

import os

def rename_images_in_folder(folder_path, prefix="img"):
    count = 1
    renamed = 0

    for dirpath, _, filenames in os.walk(folder_path):
        for filename in filenames:
            if filename.lower().endswith(('.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.bmp')):
                old_path = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
                new_filename = f"{prefix}_{count:03d}{os.path.splitext(filename)[1]}"
                new_path = os.path.join(dirpath, new_filename)

                try:
                    os.rename(old_path, new_path)
                    print(f"✅ 重命名: {filename} → {new_filename}")
                    renamed += 1
                    count += 1
                except oserror as e:
                    print(f"❌ 重命名失败: {old_path} → {new_path} | 错误: {e}")

    print(f"🎉 完成！共重命名 {renamed} 个文件。")

# 调用
rename_images_in_folder("/users/yourname/pictures")

import os

for dirpath, _, filenames in os.walk("/home/user/docs"):
    for f in filenames:
        path = os.path.join(dirpath, f)
        if f.endswith(".log"):
            print(path)

from pathlib import path

root = path("/home/user/docs")
for file_path in root.rglob("*.log"):
    print(file_path)

import unittest
import os
import tempfile

class testdirectorytraversal(unittest.testcase):

    def setup(self):
        # 创建临时目录结构
        self.temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        sub_dir = os.path.join(self.temp_dir, "subfolder")
        os.makedirs(sub_dir)
        
        with open(os.path.join(self.temp_dir, "test1.txt"), "w") as f:
            f.write("hello")
        with open(os.path.join(sub_dir, "test2.py"), "w") as f:
            f.write("print('hi')")

    def teardown(self):
        # 清理临时目录
        os.removedirs(self.temp_dir)

    def test_traverse_with_filter(self):
        from pathlib import path
        matches = list(path(self.temp_dir).rglob("*.txt"))
        self.assertequal(len(matches), 1)
        self.assertin("test1.txt", str(matches[0]))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

import os

for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk("/your/directory/path"):
    for f in filenames:
        print(f"📄 {os.path.join(dirpath, f)}")