我要评论1.新建虚拟环境的bug
描述
- 在pycharm内新建或者打开一个项目时，我们需要选择一个python解释器，如果我们选择新建一个虚拟环境，如下图所示：
- 进入项目后，我们打开终端，可以看到自动进入了虚拟环境：
windows powershell 版权所有 (c) microsoft corporation。保留所有权利。 安装最新的 powershell，了解新功能和改进！ https://aka.ms/pswindows (venv) ps d:\desktop\pycharm-projects\exforteach>
- 但是，如果我们尝试使用pip命令，会报错：
(venv) ps d:\desktop\pycharm-projects\exforteach> pip list
traceback (most recent call last):
file "c:\users\xu han\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\runpy.py", line 197, in _run_module_as_main
return _run_code(code, main_globals, none,
file "c:\users\xu han\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\runpy.py", line 87, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
file "d:\desktop\pycharm-projects\exforteach\venv\scripts\pip.exe\__main__.py", line 4, in <module>
file "d:\desktop\pycharm-projects\exforteach\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\main.py", line 9, in <module>
from pip._internal.cli.autocompletion import autocomplete
file "d:\desktop\pycharm-projects\exforteach\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\autocompletion.py", line 10, in <module>
from pip._internal.cli.main_parser import create_main_parser
file "d:\desktop\pycharm-projects\exforteach\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\main_parser.py", line 8, in <module>
from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
file "d:\desktop\pycharm-projects\exforteach\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\cmdoptions.py", line 29, in <module>
from pip._internal.models.target_python import targetpython
modulenotfounderror: no module named 'pip._internal.models.target_python'
解决方法
- 这时，我们只需要删除图中的文件夹：
- 然后再尝试使用pip命令：
(venv) ps d:\desktop\pycharm-projects\exforteach> pip list package version ------------------ --------- bleach 6.0.0 certifi 2022.12.7 chardet 5.1.0 charset-normalizer 2.1.1 contourpy 1.0.7 cycler 0.11.0 docutils 0.19 fonttools 4.38.0 idna 3.4 importlib-metadata 6.5.0 importlib-resources 5.12.0 jaraco.classes 3.2.3 keyring 23.13.1 kiwisolver 1.4.4 markdown-it-py 2.2.0 matplotlib 3.7.0 mdurl 0.1.2 more-itertools 9.1.0 numpy 1.24.1
- 可以看到pip已经可以正常使用了！
- 由于我继承了全局站点，因此这里我的软件包很多
2.更换路径的bug
- 前几天，我将项目的路径从
d:\desktop\pycharm-projects\venv1改成c:\users\xu han\desktop\pycharm-projects\venv1，然后尝试在虚拟环境中pip list，报错如下：
fatal error in launcher: unable to create process using '"d:\desktop\pycharm-projects\venv1\venv\scripts\python.exe" "c:\users\xu han\desktop\pycharm-projects\venv1\venv\scripts\pip.exe" list': ???????????
解决方法
- 在pycharm中，右击
venv\scripts这个文件夹，查找替换成现在的路径即可，如下：
- 然后重新安装pip，由于这里是虚拟环境，所以
python -m ensurepip是不管用的
(venv) ps c:\users\xu han\desktop\pycharm-projects\venv1> python -m ensurepip looking in links: c:\users\xuhan~1\appdata\local\temp\tmpr6ouww8y requirement already satisfied: setuptools in c:\users\xu han\desktop\pycharm-projects\venv1\venv\lib\site-packages (60.2.0) requirement already satisfied: pip in c:\users\xu han\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (23.1)
- 需要先尝试卸载：
(venv) ps c:\users\xu han\desktop\pycharm-projects\venv1> python -m pip uninstall pip
如果你遇到了第一个bug，已经删除了venv\lib\site-packages\pip和venv\lib\site-packages\pip-23.3.1.dist-info，就不用卸载了
- 然后尝试升级
python.exe -m pip install --upgrade，升级的途中会自动安装：
(venv) ps c:\users\xu han\desktop\pycharm-projects\venv1> python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip
looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
requirement already satisfied: pip in c:\users\xu han\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (23.1)
collecting pip
using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/47/6a/453160888fab7c6a432a6e25f8afe6256d0d9f2cbd25971021da6491d899/pip-23.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 mb)
installing collected packages: pip
attempting uninstall: pip
found existing installation: pip 23.1
not uninstalling pip at c:\users\xu han\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages, outside environment c:\users\xu han\desktop\pycharm-projects\venv1\venv
can't uninstall 'pip'. no files were found to uninstall.
successfully installed pip-23.3.1
[notice] a new release of pip is available: 23.1 -> 23.3.1
[notice] to update, run: python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip
3.虚拟环境使用
3.1 特性
- 在虚拟环境中安装软件包完全不影响全局软件包
- 只要选择继承全局站点，虚拟环境就可以自由地使用全局软件包
- 如图，我在虚拟环境中安装了scipy，但是在全局中并没有这个软件包：
scipy 1.10.1 setuptools 60.2.0 six 1.16.0
setuptools 67.7.1 six 1.16.0 torch 1.13.1+cu116
3.2 进入与退出
进入
ps c:\users\xu han\desktop\pycharm-projects\venv1> ./venv/scripts/activate
退出
(venv) ps c:\users\xu han\desktop\pycharm-projects\venv1> ./venv/scripts/deactivate
总结
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持代码网。
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