我要评论1 创建数据库
1.1 语法
创建数据库的语法如下：
create database [if not exists] db_name [create_specification [, create_specification] ...] create_specification: [default] character set charset_name [default] collate collation_name
其中，大写部分为关键字，[]内的内容为可选项；character set用于指定数据库采用的字符集，collate用于指定数据库字符集的校验规则。
2 创建数据库案例
- 创建名为
db1的数据库，语句为create database db1;。当创建数据库未指定字符集和校验规则时，系统默认使用字符集utf8，校验规则为utf8_general_ci。 - 创建使用
utf8字符集的db2数据库，语句为create database db2 charset=utf8;。 - 创建使用
utf8字符集且带校对规则的db3数据库，语句为create database db3 charset=utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;。
这里新建一个test数据库，采用utf8编码：
3 字符集和校验规则
3.1 查看系统默认字符集以及校验规则
查看系统默认字符集的语句为show variables like 'character_set_database';，查看系统默认校验规则的语句为show variables like 'collation_database';。
3.2 查看数据库支持的字符集
查看数据库支持的字符集的语句为show charset;，字符集主要用于控制使用的语言，例如utf8可支持中文。
mysql> show charset;show collation; +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | charset | description | default collation | maxlen | +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5 | big5 traditional chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 | | dec8 | dec west european | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 | | cp850 | dos west european | cp850_general_ci | 1 | | hp8 | hp west european | hp8_english_ci | 1 | | koi8r | koi8-r relcom russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 | | latin1 | cp1252 west european | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 | | latin2 | iso 8859-2 central european | latin2_general_ci | 1 | | swe7 | 7bit swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 | | ascii | us ascii | ascii_general_ci | 1 | | ujis | euc-jp japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 | | sjis | shift-jis japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 | | hebrew | iso 8859-8 hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 | | tis620 | tis620 thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 | | euckr | euc-kr korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 | | koi8u | koi8-u ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 | | gb2312 | gb2312 simplified chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 | | greek | iso 8859-7 greek | greek_general_ci | 1 | | cp1250 | windows central european | cp1250_general_ci | 1 | | gbk | gbk simplified chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | | latin5 | iso 8859-9 turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | | armscii8 | armscii-8 armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 | | utf8 | utf-8 unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | | ucs2 | ucs-2 unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 | | cp866 | dos russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 | | keybcs2 | dos kamenicky czech-slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 | | macce | mac central european | macce_general_ci | 1 | | macroman | mac west european | macroman_general_ci | 1 | | cp852 | dos central european | cp852_general_ci | 1 | | latin7 | iso 8859-13 baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 | | utf8mb4 | utf-8 unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 | | cp1251 | windows cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 | | utf16 | utf-16 unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 | | utf16le | utf-16le unicode | utf16le_general_ci | 4 | | cp1256 | windows arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 | | cp1257 | windows baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 | | utf32 | utf-32 unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 | | binary | binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 | | geostd8 | geostd8 georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 | | cp932 | sjis for windows japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 | | eucjpms | ujis for windows japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 | | gb18030 | china national standard gb18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci | 4 | +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 41 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.3 查看数据库支持的字符集校验规则
查看数据库支持的字符集校验规则的语句为show collation;。
mysql> show collation; +--------------------------+----------+-----+---------+----------+---------+ | collation | charset | id | default | compiled | sortlen | +--------------------------+----------+-----+---------+----------+---------+ | big5_chinese_ci | big5 | 1 | yes | yes | 1 | | big5_bin | big5 | 84 | | yes | 1 | | dec8_swedish_ci | dec8 | 3 | yes | yes | 1 | | dec8_bin | dec8 | 69 | | yes | 1 | | cp850_general_ci | cp850 | 4 | yes | yes | 1 | | cp850_bin | cp850 | 80 | | yes | 1 | | hp8_english_ci | hp8 | 6 | yes | yes | 1 | | hp8_bin | hp8 | 72 | | yes | 1 | | koi8r_general_ci | koi8r | 7 | yes | yes | 1 | | koi8r_bin | koi8r | 74 | | yes | 1 | | latin1_german1_ci | latin1 | 5 | | yes | 1 | | latin1_swedish_ci | latin1 | 8 | yes | yes | 1 | | latin1_danish_ci | latin1 | 15 | | yes | 1 | | latin1_german2_ci | latin1 | 31 | | yes | 2 | | latin1_bin | latin1 | 47 | | yes | 1 | | latin1_general_ci | latin1 | 48 | | yes | 1 | | latin1_general_cs | latin1 | 49 | | yes | 1 | | latin1_spanish_ci | latin1 | 94 | | yes | 1 | | latin2_czech_cs | latin2 | 2 | | yes | 4 | | latin2_general_ci | latin2 | 9 | yes | yes | 1 | | latin2_hungarian_ci | latin2 | 21 | | yes | 1 | | latin2_croatian_ci | latin2 | 27 | | yes | 1 | | latin2_bin | latin2 | 77 | | yes | 1 | | swe7_swedish_ci | swe7 | 10 | yes | yes | 1 | | swe7_bin | swe7 | 82 | | yes | 1 | | ascii_general_ci | ascii | 11 | yes | yes | 1 | | ascii_bin | ascii | 65 | | yes | 1 | | ujis_japanese_ci | ujis | 12 | yes | yes | 1 | | ujis_bin | ujis | 91 | | yes | 1 | | sjis_japanese_ci | sjis | 13 | yes | yes | 1 | | sjis_bin | sjis | 88 | | yes | 1 | | hebrew_general_ci | hebrew | 16 | yes | yes | 1 | | hebrew_bin | hebrew | 71 | | yes | 1 | | tis620_thai_ci | tis620 | 18 | yes | yes | 4 | | tis620_bin | tis620 | 89 | | yes | 1 | | euckr_korean_ci | euckr | 19 | yes | yes | 1 | | euckr_bin | euckr | 85 | | yes | 1 | | koi8u_general_ci | koi8u | 22 | yes | yes | 1 | | koi8u_bin | koi8u | 75 | | yes | 1 | | gb2312_chinese_ci | gb2312 | 24 | yes | yes | 1 | | gb2312_bin | gb2312 | 86 | | yes | 1 | | greek_general_ci | greek | 25 | yes | yes | 1 | | greek_bin | greek | 70 | | yes | 1 | | cp1250_general_ci | cp1250 | 26 | yes | yes | 1 | | cp1250_czech_cs | cp1250 | 34 | | yes | 2 | | cp1250_croatian_ci | cp1250 | 44 | | yes | 1 | | cp1250_bin | cp1250 | 66 | | yes | 1 | | cp1250_polish_ci | cp1250 | 99 | | yes | 1 | | gbk_chinese_ci | gbk | 28 | yes | yes | 1 | | gbk_bin | gbk | 87 | | yes | 1 | | latin5_turkish_ci | latin5 | 30 | yes | yes | 1 | | latin5_bin | latin5 | 78 | | yes | 1 | | armscii8_general_ci | armscii8 | 32 | yes | yes | 1 | | armscii8_bin | armscii8 | 64 | | yes | 1 | | utf8_general_ci | utf8 | 33 | yes | yes | 1 | | utf8_bin | utf8 | 83 | | yes | 1 | | utf8_unicode_ci | utf8 | 192 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_icelandic_ci | utf8 | 193 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_latvian_ci | utf8 | 194 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_romanian_ci | utf8 | 195 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_slovenian_ci | utf8 | 196 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_polish_ci | utf8 | 197 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_estonian_ci | utf8 | 198 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_spanish_ci | utf8 | 199 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_swedish_ci | utf8 | 200 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_turkish_ci | utf8 | 201 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_czech_ci | utf8 | 202 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_danish_ci | utf8 | 203 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_lithuanian_ci | utf8 | 204 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_slovak_ci | utf8 | 205 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_spanish2_ci | utf8 | 206 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_roman_ci | utf8 | 207 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_persian_ci | utf8 | 208 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_esperanto_ci | utf8 | 209 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_hungarian_ci | utf8 | 210 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_sinhala_ci | utf8 | 211 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_german2_ci | utf8 | 212 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_croatian_ci | utf8 | 213 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_unicode_520_ci | utf8 | 214 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_vietnamese_ci | utf8 | 215 | | yes | 8 | | utf8_general_mysql500_ci | utf8 | 223 | | yes | 1 | | ucs2_general_ci | ucs2 | 35 | yes | yes | 1 | | ucs2_bin | ucs2 | 90 | | yes | 1 | | ucs2_unicode_ci | ucs2 | 128 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_icelandic_ci | ucs2 | 129 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_latvian_ci | ucs2 | 130 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_romanian_ci | ucs2 | 131 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_slovenian_ci | ucs2 | 132 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_polish_ci | ucs2 | 133 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_estonian_ci | ucs2 | 134 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_spanish_ci | ucs2 | 135 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_swedish_ci | ucs2 | 136 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_turkish_ci | ucs2 | 137 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_czech_ci | ucs2 | 138 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_danish_ci | ucs2 | 139 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_lithuanian_ci | ucs2 | 140 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_slovak_ci | ucs2 | 141 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_spanish2_ci | ucs2 | 142 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_roman_ci | ucs2 | 143 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_persian_ci | ucs2 | 144 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_esperanto_ci | ucs2 | 145 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_hungarian_ci | ucs2 | 146 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_sinhala_ci | ucs2 | 147 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_german2_ci | ucs2 | 148 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_croatian_ci | ucs2 | 149 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_unicode_520_ci | ucs2 | 150 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_vietnamese_ci | ucs2 | 151 | | yes | 8 | | ucs2_general_mysql500_ci | ucs2 | 159 | | yes | 1 | | cp866_general_ci | cp866 | 36 | yes | yes | 1 | | cp866_bin | cp866 | 68 | | yes | 1 | | keybcs2_general_ci | keybcs2 | 37 | yes | yes | 1 | | keybcs2_bin | keybcs2 | 73 | | yes | 1 | | macce_general_ci | macce | 38 | yes | yes | 1 | | macce_bin | macce | 43 | | yes | 1 | | macroman_general_ci | macroman | 39 | yes | yes | 1 | | macroman_bin | macroman | 53 | | yes | 1 | | cp852_general_ci | cp852 | 40 | yes | yes | 1 | | cp852_bin | cp852 | 81 | | yes | 1 | | latin7_estonian_cs | latin7 | 20 | | yes | 1 | | latin7_general_ci | latin7 | 41 | yes | yes | 1 | | latin7_general_cs | latin7 | 42 | | yes | 1 | | latin7_bin | latin7 | 79 | | yes | 1 | | utf8mb4_general_ci | utf8mb4 | 45 | yes | yes | 1 | | utf8mb4_bin | utf8mb4 | 46 | | yes | 1 | | utf8mb4_unicode_ci | utf8mb4 | 224 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_icelandic_ci | utf8mb4 | 225 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_latvian_ci | utf8mb4 | 226 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_romanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 227 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_slovenian_ci | utf8mb4 | 228 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_polish_ci | utf8mb4 | 229 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_estonian_ci | utf8mb4 | 230 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_spanish_ci | utf8mb4 | 231 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_swedish_ci | utf8mb4 | 232 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_turkish_ci | utf8mb4 | 233 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_czech_ci | utf8mb4 | 234 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_danish_ci | utf8mb4 | 235 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_lithuanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 236 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_slovak_ci | utf8mb4 | 237 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_spanish2_ci | utf8mb4 | 238 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_roman_ci | utf8mb4 | 239 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_persian_ci | utf8mb4 | 240 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_esperanto_ci | utf8mb4 | 241 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_hungarian_ci | utf8mb4 | 242 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_sinhala_ci | utf8mb4 | 243 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_german2_ci | utf8mb4 | 244 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_croatian_ci | utf8mb4 | 245 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci | utf8mb4 | 246 | | yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_vietnamese_ci | utf8mb4 | 247 | | yes | 8 | | cp1251_bulgarian_ci | cp1251 | 14 | | yes | 1 | | cp1251_ukrainian_ci | cp1251 | 23 | | yes | 1 | | cp1251_bin | cp1251 | 50 | | yes | 1 | | cp1251_general_ci | cp1251 | 51 | yes | yes | 1 | | cp1251_general_cs | cp1251 | 52 | | yes | 1 | | utf16_general_ci | utf16 | 54 | yes | yes | 1 | | utf16_bin | utf16 | 55 | | yes | 1 | | utf16_unicode_ci | utf16 | 101 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_icelandic_ci | utf16 | 102 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_latvian_ci | utf16 | 103 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_romanian_ci | utf16 | 104 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_slovenian_ci | utf16 | 105 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_polish_ci | utf16 | 106 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_estonian_ci | utf16 | 107 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_spanish_ci | utf16 | 108 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_swedish_ci | utf16 | 109 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_turkish_ci | utf16 | 110 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_czech_ci | utf16 | 111 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_danish_ci | utf16 | 112 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_lithuanian_ci | utf16 | 113 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_slovak_ci | utf16 | 114 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_spanish2_ci | utf16 | 115 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_roman_ci | utf16 | 116 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_persian_ci | utf16 | 117 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_esperanto_ci | utf16 | 118 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_hungarian_ci | utf16 | 119 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_sinhala_ci | utf16 | 120 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_german2_ci | utf16 | 121 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_croatian_ci | utf16 | 122 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_unicode_520_ci | utf16 | 123 | | yes | 8 | | utf16_vietnamese_ci | utf16 | 124 | | yes | 8 | | utf16le_general_ci | utf16le | 56 | yes | yes | 1 | | utf16le_bin | utf16le | 62 | | yes | 1 | | cp1256_general_ci | cp1256 | 57 | yes | yes | 1 | | cp1256_bin | cp1256 | 67 | | yes | 1 | | cp1257_lithuanian_ci | cp1257 | 29 | | yes | 1 | | cp1257_bin | cp1257 | 58 | | yes | 1 | | cp1257_general_ci | cp1257 | 59 | yes | yes | 1 | | utf32_general_ci | utf32 | 60 | yes | yes | 1 | | utf32_bin | utf32 | 61 | | yes | 1 | | utf32_unicode_ci | utf32 | 160 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_icelandic_ci | utf32 | 161 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_latvian_ci | utf32 | 162 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_romanian_ci | utf32 | 163 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_slovenian_ci | utf32 | 164 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_polish_ci | utf32 | 165 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_estonian_ci | utf32 | 166 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_spanish_ci | utf32 | 167 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_swedish_ci | utf32 | 168 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_turkish_ci | utf32 | 169 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_czech_ci | utf32 | 170 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_danish_ci | utf32 | 171 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_lithuanian_ci | utf32 | 172 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_slovak_ci | utf32 | 173 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_spanish2_ci | utf32 | 174 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_roman_ci | utf32 | 175 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_persian_ci | utf32 | 176 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_esperanto_ci | utf32 | 177 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_hungarian_ci | utf32 | 178 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_sinhala_ci | utf32 | 179 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_german2_ci | utf32 | 180 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_croatian_ci | utf32 | 181 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_unicode_520_ci | utf32 | 182 | | yes | 8 | | utf32_vietnamese_ci | utf32 | 183 | | yes | 8 | | binary | binary | 63 | yes | yes | 1 | | geostd8_general_ci | geostd8 | 92 | yes | yes | 1 | | geostd8_bin | geostd8 | 93 | | yes | 1 | | cp932_japanese_ci | cp932 | 95 | yes | yes | 1 | | cp932_bin | cp932 | 96 | | yes | 1 | | eucjpms_japanese_ci | eucjpms | 97 | yes | yes | 1 | | eucjpms_bin | eucjpms | 98 | | yes | 1 | | gb18030_chinese_ci | gb18030 | 248 | yes | yes | 2 | | gb18030_bin | gb18030 | 249 | | yes | 1 | | gb18030_unicode_520_ci | gb18030 | 250 | | yes | 8 | +--------------------------+----------+-----+---------+----------+---------+ 222 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.4 校验规则对数据库的影响
不区分大小写
- 创建校验规则使用
utf8_general_ci（不区分大小写）的数据库test1，语句为create database test1 collate utf8_general_ci;； - 之后使用该数据库，语句为
use test1;；创建person表，语句为create table person(name varchar(20));； - 向表中插入数据，语句为
insert into person values('a'); insert into person values('a'); insert into person values('b'); insert into person values('b');。 - 查询时，使用
use test1;切换到test1数据库，执行select * from person where name='a';，会返回name为a和a的两条数据；排序时，执行select * from person order by name;，a和a会归为一组，b和b会归为一组。
mysql> create database test1 charset=utf8 collate=utf8_general_ci;
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test1;
database changed
mysql> create table person(name varchar(20));
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into person values('a'); insert into person values('a'); insert into person values('b'); insert into person values('b');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from person where name='a';
+------+
| name |
+------+
| a |
| a |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from person order by name;
+------+
| name |
+------+
| a |
| a |
| b |
| b |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)区分大小写
- 创建校验规则使用
utf8_bin（区分大小写）的数据库test2，语句为create database test2 collate utf8_bin;； - 之后使用该数据库，语句为
use test2;；创建person表，语句为create table person(name varchar(20));；向表中插入与test1数据库相同的数据。 - 查询时，使用
use test2;切换到test2数据库，执行select * from person where name='a';，仅会返回name为a的一条数据；排序时，执行select * from person order by name;，会按照ascii码顺序排列，结果为a、b、a、b。
mysql> create database test2 charset=utf8 collate=utf8_bin;
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test2;
database changed
mysql> create table person(name varchar(20));
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into person values('a'); insert into person values('a'); insert into person values('b'); insert into person values('b');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from person where name='a';
+------+
| name |
+------+
| a |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from person order by name;
+------+
| name |
+------+
| a |
| b |
| a |
| b |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)4 操纵数据库
4.1 查看数据库
查看数据库的语句为show databases;：
4.2 显示创建语句
显示数据库创建语句的语法为show create database 数据库名;。例如，查看mytest数据库创建语句的示例为：
mysql> show create database mytest; | database | create | mysql | create database `mytest` /*!40100 default character set utf8 */ |
其中，mysql建议关键字使用大写，但非必须；数据库名字的反引号``用于防止数据库名与关键字重复；/*!40100 default.... */并非注释，其表示当前mysql版本大于4.01版本时，执行该语句。
4.3 修改数据库
修改数据库的语法为：
alter database db_name [alter_spacification [,alter_spacification]...] alter_spacification: [default] character set charset_name [default] collate collation_name
对数据库的修改主要是修改数据库的字符集和校验规则。例如，将mytest数据库字符集改成gbk的语句为mysql> alter database mytest charset=gbk;，执行后查询结果为query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)，再次查看mytest数据库创建语句，会显示create database mytest /*!40100 default character set gbk */。
4.4 数据库删除
删除数据库的语法为drop database [if exists] db_name;。执行删除操作后，在数据库内部无法看到对应的数据库，且对应的数据库文件夹会被删除，内部数据表也会被级联删除，因此不要随意删除数据库。
4.5 备份和恢复
4.5.1 备份
备份数据库的语法为mysqldump -p 3306 -u root -p -b 'your database name' > '希望保存路径' （注意这不是sql语句！）。例如，将test库备份到c:\users\19624\desktop的语句为 mysqldump -p 3306 -u root -p -b test > c:\users\19624\desktop\test.sql，备份文件中包含创建数据库、建表、导入数据的语句。
这里演示将test数据库备份到桌面：
#文件内容如下
-- mysql dump 10.13 distrib 5.7.44, for win64 (x86_64)
--
-- host: localhost database: test
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- server version 5.7.44-log
/*!40101 set @old_character_set_client=@@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 set @old_character_set_results=@@character_set_results */;
/*!40101 set @old_collation_connection=@@collation_connection */;
/*!40101 set names utf8 */;
/*!40103 set @old_time_zone=@@time_zone */;
/*!40103 set time_zone='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 set @old_unique_checks=@@unique_checks, unique_checks=0 */;
/*!40014 set @old_foreign_key_checks=@@foreign_key_checks, foreign_key_checks=0 */;
/*!40101 set @old_sql_mode=@@sql_mode, sql_mode='no_auto_value_on_zero' */;
/*!40111 set @old_sql_notes=@@sql_notes, sql_notes=0 */;
--
-- current database: `test`
--
create database /*!32312 if not exists*/ `test` /*!40100 default character set utf8 */;
use `test`;
--
-- table structure for table `person`
--
drop table if exists `person`;
/*!40101 set @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 set character_set_client = utf8 */;
create table `person` (
`name` varchar(20) default null
) engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
/*!40101 set character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- dumping data for table `person`
--
lock tables `person` write;
/*!40000 alter table `person` disable keys */;
insert into `person` values ('a'),('a'),('b'),('b');
/*!40000 alter table `person` enable keys */;
unlock tables;
/*!40103 set time_zone=@old_time_zone */;
/*!40101 set sql_mode=@old_sql_mode */;
/*!40014 set foreign_key_checks=@old_foreign_key_checks */;
/*!40014 set unique_checks=@old_unique_checks */;
/*!40101 set character_set_client=@old_character_set_client */;
/*!40101 set character_set_results=@old_character_set_results */;
/*!40101 set collation_connection=@old_collation_connection */;
/*!40111 set sql_notes=@old_sql_notes */;
-- dump completed on 2025-10-05 23:57:154.5.2 还原
还原数据库的语句为mysql> source c:\users\19624\desktop\test.sql;。
4.5.3 注意事项
- 若备份的是数据库中的某张表，语法为
# mysqldump -u root -p 数据库名 表名1 表名2 > d:/mytest.sql。 - 若同时备份多个数据库，语法为
# mysqldump -u root -p -b 数据库名1 数据库名2 ... > 数据库存放路径。 - 若备份一个数据库时未带上
-b参数，在恢复数据库时，需先创建空数据库，然后使用该数据库，再使用source命令还原。
4.6 查看连接情况
查看数据库连接情况的语法为show processlist。例如：
mysql> show processlist; +----+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+ | id | user | host | db | command | time | state | info | +----+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+ | 3 | root | localhost:51366 | null | query | 0 | starting | show processlist | +----+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
该命令可查看当前连接mysql的用户，若发现非正常登录的用户，可能数据库被入侵；当数据库运行较慢时，也可通过该指令查看连接情况。
到此这篇关于mysql 库的操作案例之从创建配置到备份恢复的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关mysql备份恢复内容请搜索代码网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持代码网！
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