opencv 读取摄像头的代码示例
以下是几种使用 opencv 读取摄像头的常见方法:
1. 基础摄像头读取
import cv2 # 打开默认摄像头(通常是0) cap = cv2.videocapture(0) # 检查摄像头是否成功打开 if not cap.isopened(): print("无法打开摄像头") exit() print("摄像头已打开,按 'q' 键退出") while true: # 读取一帧 ret, frame = cap.read() # 检查帧是否读取成功 if not ret: print("无法读取帧") break # 显示帧 cv2.imshow('摄像头', frame) # 按'q'键退出 if cv2.waitkey(1) & 0xff == ord('q'): break # 释放资源 cap.release() cv2.destroyallwindows()
2. 设置摄像头参数
import cv2 cap = cv2.videocapture(0) # 设置摄像头参数 cap.set(cv2.cap_prop_frame_width, 640) # 宽度 cap.set(cv2.cap_prop_frame_height, 480) # 高度 cap.set(cv2.cap_prop_fps, 30) # 帧率 # 获取实际参数值 width = cap.get(cv2.cap_prop_frame_width) height = cap.get(cv2.cap_prop_frame_height) fps = cap.get(cv2.cap_prop_fps) print(f"摄像头分辨率: {width}x{height}, 帧率: {fps}") while true: ret, frame = cap.read() if not ret: break # 在画面上显示信息 cv2.puttext(frame, f"分辨率: {int(width)}x{int(height)}", (10, 30), cv2.font_hershey_simplex, 0.7, (0, 255, 0), 2) cv2.puttext(frame, f"帧率: {fps}", (10, 60), cv2.font_hershey_simplex, 0.7, (0, 255, 0), 2) cv2.imshow('摄像头', frame) if cv2.waitkey(1) & 0xff == ord('q'): break cap.release() cv2.destroyallwindows()
3. 多摄像头读取
import cv2 # 尝试打开多个摄像头 caps = [] for i in range(3): # 尝试打开0,1,2号摄像头 cap = cv2.videocapture(i) if cap.isopened(): caps.append(cap) print(f"摄像头 {i} 已连接") else: print(f"摄像头 {i} 未连接") if not caps: print("没有可用的摄像头") exit() print(f"共找到 {len(caps)} 个摄像头") while true: frames = [] for i, cap in enumerate(caps): ret, frame = cap.read() if ret: # 在每帧上标记摄像头编号 cv2.puttext(frame, f"camera {i}", (10, 30), cv2.font_hershey_simplex, 1, (0, 255, 0), 2) frames.append(frame) if not frames: break # 合并显示多个摄像头画面 if len(frames) == 1: combined = frames[0] elif len(frames) == 2: combined = cv2.hconcat(frames) else: # 对于3个或更多摄像头,可以调整布局 top = cv2.hconcat(frames[:2]) bottom = cv2.hconcat(frames[2:]) if len(frames) > 2 else frames[2] combined = cv2.vconcat([top, bottom]) if len(frames) > 2 else top cv2.imshow('多摄像头', combined) if cv2.waitkey(1) & 0xff == ord('q'): break # 释放所有摄像头 for cap in caps: cap.release() cv2.destroyallwindows()
4. 保存视频流
import cv2 cap = cv2.videocapture(0) # 设置视频编码器和输出文件 fourcc = cv2.videowriter_fourcc(*'xvid') out = cv2.videowriter('output.avi', fourcc, 20.0, (640, 480)) recording = false print("按 'r' 开始/停止录制,按 'q' 退出") while true: ret, frame = cap.read() if not ret: break # 如果正在录制,保存帧 if recording: out.write(frame) cv2.puttext(frame, "录制中...", (10, 30), cv2.font_hershey_simplex, 1, (0, 0, 255), 2) cv2.imshow('摄像头', frame) key = cv2.waitkey(1) & 0xff if key == ord('q'): break elif key == ord('r'): recording = not recording print("录制" if recording else "停止录制") cap.release() out.release() # 释放视频写入器 cv2.destroyallwindows()
5. 带简单图像处理的摄像头读取
import cv2 import numpy as np cap = cv2.videocapture(0) mode = 0 # 0: 原图, 1: 灰度, 2: 边缘检测, 3: 模糊 modes = ['原图', '灰度', '边缘检测', '模糊'] print("按 'm' 切换模式,按 'q' 退出") while true: ret, frame = cap.read() if not ret: break # 根据模式处理图像 if mode == 1: processed = cv2.cvtcolor(frame, cv2.color_bgr2gray) processed = cv2.cvtcolor(processed, cv2.color_gray2bgr) # 转回bgr用于显示 elif mode == 2: gray = cv2.cvtcolor(frame, cv2.color_bgr2gray) processed = cv2.canny(gray, 100, 200) processed = cv2.cvtcolor(processed, cv2.color_gray2bgr) elif mode == 3: processed = cv2.gaussianblur(frame, (15, 15), 0) else: processed = frame.copy() # 显示当前模式 cv2.puttext(processed, f"模式: {modes[mode]}", (10, 30), cv2.font_hershey_simplex, 0.7, (0, 255, 0), 2) cv2.imshow('摄像头', processed) key = cv2.waitkey(1) & 0xff if key == ord('q'): break elif key == ord('m'): mode = (mode + 1) % len(modes) print(f"切换到模式: {modes[mode]}") cap.release() cv2.destroyallwindows()
部分api解释:
ret, frame = cap.read()
- 第一个返回值 (
ret
):布尔值(true/false),表示帧是否成功读取 - 第二个返回值 (
frame
):如果读取成功,这是一个包含图像数据的 numpy 数组
# 显示一帧图像 cv2.imshow('frame', frame) # 如果按下'q'键,退出循环 if cv2.waitkey(1) & 0xff == ord('q'): break
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