安装依赖
在开始使用前,需先安装工具依赖的第三方库。打开终端(命令行),执行以下命令:
pip install requests tenacity
核心功能说明
1. 类与方法概览
| 类/方法 | 功能描述 |
|---|---|
| apiresponse 类 | 响应数据包装类,提供状态检查、数据获取等便捷方法 |
| nethelper 类 | 核心请求封装类,支持初始化配置、多 http 方法调用 |
| get()/post()/put()/delete() | 对外暴露的快捷方法,分别对应 get/post/put/delete 请求 |
2.nethelper类初始化参数
初始化 nethelper 实例时,需传入以下参数(均为可选,有默认值):
| 参数名 | 类型 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| base_url | str | 基础 url(如 https://api.example.com),请求路径会自动拼接至此 url |
| headers | dict[str, str] | 默认请求头(会被单次请求的头覆盖) |
| timeout | int | 请求超时时间(秒,默认 15 秒) |
| verify_ssl | bool | 是否验证 ssl 证书(生产环境建议设为 true,测试环境可设为 false) |
3.apiresponse类属性与方法
apiresponse 用于包装接口响应数据,提供以下核心功能:
| 属性/方法 | 类型 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| data | any | 响应体解析后的数据(json 自动转为字典,非 json 为文本/二进制) |
| status_code | int | http 状态码(如 200、404) |
| error | optional[str] | 错误信息(仅当状态码非 2xx 或发生异常时存在) |
| is_success() | bool | 检查请求是否成功(状态码 2xx 且无错误信息时返回 true) |
使用实例
步骤 1:导入工具类
from net_helper import nethelper, apiresponse # 假设工具保存为 net_helper.py
步骤 2:初始化nethelper实例
请求头和基础 url 配置:
# 初始化 nethelper
client = nethelper(
base_url="https://com.text.com",
headers={
"accept": "application/json, text/plain, */*",
"content-type": "application/json;charset=utf-8",
},
)
步骤 3:发送登录请求
使用 post() 方法发送 post 请求,传入请求体和参数:
response = client.post(
url="/login",
json={
"name": "bin",
"pwd": "123456",
}
)
步骤 4:处理响应结果
根据 apiresponse 的属性判断请求是否成功,并获取数据:
if response.is_success():
print("登录成功!")
print("响应数据:", response.data)
print("状态码:", response.status_code)
else:
print(f"登录失败!错误信息: {response.error}")
print("状态码:", response.status_code)
print("原始响应:", response.data)
五、源码
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import logging
import json as jsonlib
from typing import dict, optional, union, any
import requests
from tenacity import (
retry,
stop_after_attempt,
wait_exponential,
retry_if_exception_type,
)
logging.basicconfig(
level=logging.info,
format="%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(message)s",
datefmt="%y-%m-%d %h:%m:%s"
)
logger = logging.getlogger(__name__)
class apiresponse:
"""api响应包装类"""
def __init__(self, data: any, status_code: int = 200, error: optional[str] = none):
self.data = data
self.status_code = status_code
self.error = error
self.message = data.get('message', '') if isinstance(data, dict) else ''
def is_success(self) -> bool:
"""检查请求是否成功"""
return 200 <= self.status_code < 300 and self.error is none
class nethelper:
def __init__(self,
base_url: str,
headers: optional[dict[str, str]],
timeout: int = 15,
verify_ssl: bool = true):
self.base_url = base_url.rstrip("/")
self.default_headers = headers
self.timeout = timeout
self.verify_ssl = verify_ssl
@retry(
stop=stop_after_attempt(3),
wait=wait_exponential(multiplier=1, min=2, max=10),
retry=retry_if_exception_type((
requests.exceptions.connectionerror,
requests.exceptions.timeout
)),
reraise=true
)
def _send_request(
self,
method: str = "get",
url: str = "",
headers: optional[dict[str, str]] = none,
json: optional[union[dict[str, any], str]] = none,
data: optional[union[dict[str, any], str, bytes]] = none,
params: optional[dict[str, any]] = none
) -> apiresponse:
"""内部请求方法"""
# 拼接完整url
full_url = f"{self.base_url}/{url.lstrip('/')}"
# 合并请求头
merged_headers = {**self.default_headers, **(headers or {})}
# 移除空值头
merged_headers = {k: v for k, v in merged_headers.items() if v is not none}
try:
# 打印请求体
print("请求方法:", method.upper())
print("请求url:", full_url)
if params:
print("请求参数:")
print(jsonlib.dumps(params, ensure_ascii=false, indent=2))
if json:
print("请求json数据:")
print(jsonlib.dumps(json, ensure_ascii=false, indent=2))
if data:
print("请求表单数据:")
if isinstance(data, (dict, list)):
print(jsonlib.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=false, indent=2))
else:
print(data)
# 发送请求
response = requests.request(
method=method.upper(),
url=full_url,
headers=merged_headers,
json=json,
data=data,
params=params,
timeout=self.timeout,
verify=self.verify_ssl
)
# 解析响应
try:
result_data = response.json()
except valueerror:
result_data = response.text if response.encoding else response.content
print("响应数据:")
print(jsonlib.dumps(result_data, ensure_ascii=false, indent=2))
# 检查http状态码
if 200 <= response.status_code < 300:
return apiresponse(result_data, response.status_code)
else:
error_msg = f"http错误: 状态码 {response.status_code}"
logger.error(f"{error_msg}, 响应: {result_data}")
return apiresponse(result_data, response.status_code, error_msg)
except requests.exceptions.connectionerror as e:
logger.error(f"连接失败: 无法连接到 {full_url}")
return apiresponse({}, 0, str(e))
except requests.exceptions.timeout as e:
logger.error(f"请求超时: 超过 {self.timeout} 秒")
return apiresponse({}, 0, str(e))
except exception as e:
logger.error(f"未知错误: {str(e)}")
return apiresponse({}, 0, str(e))
def post(self, url: str, data: optional[any] = none, params: optional[dict[str, any]] = none) -> apiresponse:
return self._send_request(method="post", url=url, json=data, params=params)
def get(self, url: str, params: optional[dict[str, any]] = none) -> apiresponse:
return self._send_request(method="get", url=url, params=params)
def put(self, url: str, data: optional[any] = none, params: optional[dict[str, any]] = none) -> apiresponse:
return self._send_request(method="put", url=url, json=data, params=params)
def delete(self, url: str, params: optional[dict[str, any]] = none) -> apiresponse:
return self._send_request(method="delete", url=url, params=params)
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