django 多级项目目录的示例代码

# 创建虚拟环境
python3 -m venv env
source env/bin/activate

# 安装依赖
pip install django python-decouple

# 创建项目根目录
mkdir myproject
cd myproject

# 创建配置目录
mkdir config
django-admin startproject myproject config --template=https://github.com/django-templates/django-project-template/archive/master.zip --name=dockerfile,.env.example

# 创建应用目录
mkdir apps
cd apps
django-admin startapp core
django-admin startapp users
cd ..

# 创建其他目录
mkdir libs static media templates scripts tests
touch .gitignore

myproject/                   # 项目根目录
├── config/                  # 项目配置目录
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings/            # 配置文件按环境分离
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── base.py          # 基础配置
│   │   ├── dev.py           # 开发环境配置
│   │   └── prod.py          # 生产环境配置
│   ├── urls.py              # 项目url配置
│   └── wsgi.py              # wsgi应用配置
├── apps/                    # 自定义应用目录
│   ├── core/                # 核心功能应用
│   │   ├── migrations/
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── admin.py
│   │   ├── apps.py
│   │   ├── models.py
│   │   ├── tests.py
│   │   ├── urls.py
│   │   └── views.py
│   └── users/               # 用户管理应用
├── libs/                    # 自定义库目录
│   └── utils/               # 工具函数
├── static/                  # 静态文件目录
├── media/                   # 上传文件目录
├── templates/               # 模板文件目录
├── scripts/                 # 脚本文件目录
├── tests/                   # 测试目录
├── .env.example             # 环境变量示例
├── .gitignore               # git忽略规则
├── manage.py                # django管理脚本
└── requirements.txt         # 依赖包列表

# .env.example
secret_key=your-secret-key-here
debug=true
allowed_hosts=localhost,127.0.0.1

# config/settings/base.py
from decouple import config
from pathlib import path

base_dir = path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent

secret_key = config('secret_key')

debug = config('debug', default=false, cast=bool)

allowed_hosts = config('allowed_hosts', default='', cast=lambda v: [s.strip() for s in v.split(',')])

installed_apps = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'apps.core',
    'apps.users',
]

middleware = [
    'django.middleware.security.securitymiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.sessionmiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.commonmiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.csrfviewmiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.authenticationmiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.messagemiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.xframeoptionsmiddleware',
]

root_urlconf = 'config.urls'

templates = [
    {
        'backend': 'django.template.backends.django.djangotemplates',
        'dirs': [base_dir / 'templates'],
        'app_dirs': true,
        'options': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

wsgi_application = 'config.wsgi.application'

databases = {
    'default': {
        'engine': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'name': base_dir / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}

auth_password_validators = [
    {
        'name': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.userattributesimilarityvalidator',
    },
    {
        'name': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.minimumlengthvalidator',
    },
    {
        'name': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.commonpasswordvalidator',
    },
    {
        'name': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.numericpasswordvalidator',
    },
]

language_code = 'zh-hans'

time_zone = 'asia/shanghai'

use_i18n = true

use_l10n = true

use_tz = true

static_url = '/static/'
staticfiles_dirs = [base_dir / 'static']

media_url = '/media/'
media_root = base_dir / 'media'

default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.bigautofield'

# config/settings/dev.py
from .base import *

debug = true

secret_key = 'development-secret-key'

allowed_hosts = ['*']

installed_apps += [
    'debug_toolbar',
]

middleware += [
    'debug_toolbar.middleware.debugtoolbarmiddleware',
]

internal_ips = [
    '127.0.0.1',
]

# 开发环境数据库配置
databases = {
    'default': {
        'engine': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'name': base_dir / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}

# config/settings/prod.py
from .base import *

debug = false

# 生产环境需要从环境变量获取敏感信息
secret_key = config('secret_key')
allowed_hosts = config('allowed_hosts', cast=lambda v: [s.strip() for s in v.split(',')])

# 生产环境数据库配置
databases = {
    'default': {
        'engine': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'name': config('db_name'),
        'user': config('db_user'),
        'password': config('db_password'),
        'host': config('db_host'),
        'port': config('db_port'),
    }
}

# 生产环境静态文件配置
static_root = base_dir / 'staticfiles'

# 安全配置
secure_ssl_redirect = true
session_cookie_secure = true
csrf_cookie_secure = true
secure_hsts_seconds = 31536000
secure_hsts_include_subdomains = true
secure_hsts_preload = true

from django.db import models

class timestampedmodel(models.model):
    """所有模型的基类，提供创建时间和更新时间"""
    created_at = models.datetimefield(auto_now_add=true)
    updated_at = models.datetimefield(auto_now=true)
    
    class meta:
        abstract = true

class uuidmodel(models.model):
    """使用uuid作为主键的模型基类"""
    id = models.uuidfield(primary_key=true, default=uuid.uuid4, editable=false)
    
    class meta:
        abstract = true

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import templateview

class homeview(templateview):
    template_name = 'home.html'

from django.urls import path
from .views import homeview

urlpatterns = [
    path('', homeview.as_view(), name='home'),
]

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import abstractuser
from apps.core.models import timestampedmodel

class user(abstractuser, timestampedmodel):
    """自定义用户模型"""
    phone = models.charfield(max_length=20, blank=true, null=true)
    bio = models.textfield(blank=true, null=true)
    
    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import useradmin
from .models import user

class customuseradmin(useradmin):
    fieldsets = (
        (none, {'fields': ('username', 'password')}),
        ('个人信息', {'fields': ('first_name', 'last_name', 'email', 'phone', 'bio')}),
        ('权限', {'fields': ('is_active', 'is_staff', 'is_superuser', 'groups', 'user_permissions')}),
        ('重要日期', {'fields': ('last_login', 'date_joined')}),
    )

admin.site.register(user, customuseradmin)

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include('apps.core.urls')),
    path('users/', include('apps.users.urls')),
]

if settings.debug:
    urlpatterns += static(settings.media_url, document_root=settings.media_root)
    urlpatterns += static(settings.static_url, document_root=settings.static_root)

from django.urls import path, include
from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views
from .views import userprofileview

urlpatterns = [
    path('profile/', userprofileview.as_view(), name='user-profile'),
    path('login/', auth_views.loginview.as_view(template_name='users/login.html'), name='login'),
    path('logout/', auth_views.logoutview.as_view(), name='logout'),
]

<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>{% block title %}myproject{% endblock %}</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" >
    {% block extra_css %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
    <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
        <div class="container">
            <a class="navbar-brand" href="{% url 'home' %}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >myproject</a>
            <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarnav" aria-controls="navbarnav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="toggle navigation">
                <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
            </button>
            <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarnav">
                <ul class="navbar-nav">
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link" href="{% url 'home' %}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >首页</a>
                    </li>
                    {% if user.is_authenticated %}
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link" href="{% url 'user-profile' %}" rel="external nofollow" >个人中心</a>
                    </li>
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link" href="{% url 'logout' %}" rel="external nofollow" >退出登录</a>
                    </li>
                    {% else %}
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link" href="{% url 'login' %}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >登录</a>
                    </li>
                    {% endif %}
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
    </nav>

    <div class="container mt-4">
        {% if messages %}
            {% for message in messages %}
                <div class="alert alert-{{ message.tags }}">
                    {{ message }}
                </div>
            {% endfor %}
        {% endif %}
        
        {% block content %}{% endblock %}
    </div>

    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
    {% block extra_js %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block title %}首页{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
<div class="jumbotron">
    <h1 class="display-4">欢迎来到myproject</h1>
    <p class="lead">这是一个基于django的多级项目结构示例</p>
    <hr class="my-4">
    {% if user.is_authenticated %}
    <p>你已登录，{{ user.username }}！</p>
    {% else %}
    <p>请登录以访问更多功能</p>
    <a class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" href="{% url 'login' %}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  role="button">登录</a>
    {% endif %}
</div>
{% endblock %}

import uuid
import random
import string

def generate_random_string(length=10):
    """生成随机字符串"""
    return ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, k=length))

def generate_uuid():
    """生成uuid"""
    return str(uuid.uuid4())

def get_client_ip(request):
    """获取客户端ip地址"""
    x_forwarded_for = request.meta.get('http_x_forwarded_for')
    if x_forwarded_for:
        ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]
    else:
        ip = request.meta.get('remote_addr')
    return ip

cp .env.example .env
# 编辑 .env 文件，设置 secret_key 等变量

python manage.py migrate --settings=config.settings.dev

python manage.py createsuperuser --settings=config.settings.dev

python manage.py runserver --settings=config.settings.dev

# dockerfile
from python:3.9-slim

workdir /app

copy requirements.txt .
run pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

copy . .

cmd ["python", "manage.py", "runserver", "0.0.0.0:8000"]

# tests/unit/test_models.py
from django.test import testcase
from apps.users.models import user

class usermodeltestcase(testcase):
    def setup(self):
        self.user = user.objects.create_user(
            username='testuser',
            email='test@example.com',
            password='testpassword'
        )
    
    def test_user_creation(self):
        self.assertequal(user.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertequal(self.user.username, 'testuser')
        self.assertequal(self.user.email, 'test@example.com')
        self.asserttrue(self.user.check_password('testpassword'))