一、mybatis 枚举映射四大实现方案
1. 基础序数映射(enumtypehandler)
// java 枚举类
public enum orderstatus {
new, paid, delivered, cancelled;
}
// mybatis实体类映射
public class order {
private orderstatus status;
// getters/setters
}mapper xml 配置:
<resultmap id="orderresultmap" type="order">
<result property="status" column="status"/>
</resultmap>mysql 表设计:
create table orders (
id int primary key auto_increment,
status tinyint comment '0-新订单,1-已支付,2-已发货,3-已取消'
);优缺点:
- ✅ 零配置自动生效
- ⚠️ 无法修改枚举顺序
- ⚠️ 数据库可读性差
2. 枚举名称映射(enumordinaltypehandler)
// mybatis 配置文件
<typehandlers>
<typehandler handler="org.apache.ibatis.type.enumtypehandler"
javatype="com.example.orderstatus"/>
</typehandlers>
// 或全局配置
<settings>
<setting name="defaultenumtypehandler"
value="org.apache.ibatis.type.enumtypehandler"/>
</settings>表设计:
alter table orders modify column status varchar(20) comment '订单状态';
适配枚举改动:
public enum orderstatus {
new("新订单"),
paid("已支付"),
delivered("已发货"),
cancelled("已取消");
private final string desc;
orderstatus(string desc) {
this.desc = desc;
}
}3. 自定义类型处理器(typehandler)
3.1 基于字符串的转换
@mappedtypes(orderstatus.class)
public class orderstatushandler extends basetypehandler<orderstatus> {
@override
public void setnonnullparameter(preparedstatement ps, int i,
orderstatus status, jdbctype jdbctype) {
ps.setstring(i, status.name());
}
@override
public orderstatus getnullableresult(resultset rs, string columnname) {
string code = rs.getstring(columnname);
return orderstatus.valueof(code);
}
// 其他getnullableresult方法...
}3.2 基于编码的转换(推荐)
@mappedtypes(usertype.class)
public class usertypehandler extends basetypehandler<usertype> {
@override
public void setnonnullparameter(preparedstatement ps, int i,
usertype usertype, jdbctype jdbctype) {
ps.setstring(i, usertype.getcode());
}
@override
public usertype getnullableresult(resultset rs, string columnname) {
string code = rs.getstring(columnname);
return usertype.fromcode(code);
}
}注册处理器:
<typehandlers>
<typehandler handler="com.example.handler.usertypehandler"/>
</typehandlers>实体类使用:
public class user {
@tablefield(typehandler = usertypehandler.class)
private usertype type;
}4. 枚举值关联表方案
create table user_types (
id tinyint primary key auto_increment,
code char(2) unique not null,
name varchar(20) not null
);
insert into user_types (code, name) values
('a', '管理员'),
('e', '编辑'),
('u', '普通用户');mapper xml 查询:
<resultmap id="userresultmap" type="user">
<result property="id" column="id"/>
<association property="type" column="type_code"
select="selectusertypebycode"/>
</resultmap>
<select id="selectusertypebycode" resulttype="usertype">
select code, name as description
from user_types
where code = #[code]
</select>二、mybatis-plus 高级枚举映射
1. 内置枚举处理器
public enum productstatus implements ienum<integer> {
draft(0), published(1), archived(2);
private final int value;
productstatus(int value) {
this.value = value;
}
@override
public integer getvalue() {
return this.value;
}
}
// 实体类使用
public class product {
private productstatus status;
}全局配置(application.yml):
mybatis-plus:
configuration:
default-enum-type-handler: com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.handlers.mybatisenumtypehandler2. 字段注解映射
public class product {
@tablefield(value = "status",
typehandler = productstatushandler.class)
private productstatus status;
}3. json格式存储枚举属性
public class order {
@tablefield(typehandler = jsontypehandler.class)
private map<orderstatus, integer> statusstatistics;
}json存储结构:
{
"new": 10,
"paid": 5,
"delivered": 3
}三、枚举映射最佳实践方案
1. 防御式枚举设计
public enum orderstatus {
new("n"), paid("p"), delivered("d"), cancelled("c");
private final string code;
private static final map<string, orderstatus> code_map = new hashmap<>();
static {
for (orderstatus status : values()) {
code_map.put(status.code, status);
}
}
public static orderstatus fromcode(string code) {
orderstatus status = code_map.get(code);
if (status == null) {
if (code == null) return null;
string cleancode = code.trim().touppercase();
return optional.ofnullable(code_map.get(cleancode))
.orelsethrow(() -> new illegalargumentexception(
"无效状态码: " + code));
}
return status;
}
}2. 枚举基类设计
public interface enumcode {
string getcode();
string getdescription();
}
public abstract class baseenumhandler<e extends enum<e> & enumcode>
extends basetypehandler<e> {
private final class<e> type;
private final map<string, e> enummap;
public baseenumhandler(class<e> type) {
this.type = type;
this.enummap = arrays.stream(type.getenumconstants())
.collect(collectors.tomap(enumcode::getcode, e -> e));
}
@override
public void setnonnullparameter(preparedstatement ps, int i,
e parameter, jdbctype jdbctype) {
ps.setstring(i, parameter.getcode());
}
@override
public e getnullableresult(resultset rs, string columnname) {
string code = rs.getstring(columnname);
return code == null ? null : enummap.get(code);
}
}四、实战应用场景
1. 多状态组合(bit存储)
public enum permission {
read(1), write(2), delete(4), execute(8);
private final int bitvalue;
// 存储所有权限值到单个整数
public static int encode(set<permission> permissions) {
return permissions.stream()
.maptoint(p -> p.bitvalue)
.sum();
}
public static set<permission> decode(int value) {
return arrays.stream(values())
.filter(p -> (value & p.bitvalue) != 0)
.collect(collectors.toset());
}
}
// mybatis类型处理器
public class permissionsethandler extends basetypehandler<set<permission>> {
@override
public void setnonnullparameter(preparedstatement ps, int i,
set<permission> perms, jdbctype jdbctype) {
ps.setint(i, permission.encode(perms));
}
@override
public set<permission> getnullableresult(resultset rs, string columnname) {
int value = rs.getint(columnname);
return rs.wasnull() ? collections.emptyset() : permission.decode(value);
}
}2. 动态状态机验证
public class orderservice {
@transactional
public void updateorderstatus(long orderid, orderstatus newstatus) {
order order = ordermapper.selectbyid(orderid);
orderstatus oldstatus = order.getstatus();
if (!oldstatus.isallowedtransition(newstatus)) {
throw new illegalstateexception("状态转换非法: " +
oldstatus + " -> " + newstatus);
}
order.setstatus(newstatus);
ordermapper.updatebyid(order);
}
}
// 枚举中定义状态转移规则
public enum orderstatus {
new {
@override
public boolean isallowedtransition(orderstatus newstatus) {
return newstatus == paid || newstatus == cancelled;
}
},
// 其他状态定义...
}五、性能优化技巧
静态映射缓存:
public abstract class cachedenumhandler<e extends enum<e> & enumcode>
extends basetypehandler<e> {
private final map<string, e> codeenummap;
private final map<e, string> enumcodemap;
public cachedenumhandler(class<e> enumclass) {
e[] enums = enumclass.getenumconstants();
codeenummap = arrays.stream(enums)
.collect(collectors.tomap(enumcode::getcode, e -> e));
enumcodemap = arrays.stream(enums)
.collect(collectors.tomap(e -> e, enumcode::getcode));
}
}批量处理优化:
@mapper
public interface batchmapper {
@insert("<script>" +
"insert into users (type, name) values " +
"<foreach item='item' collection='list' separator=','>" +
"(#{item.type, typehandler=com.example.usertypehandler}, #{item.name})" +
"</foreach>" +
"</script>")
int batchinsertusers(@param("list") list<user> users);
}数据库约束优化:
-- mysql enum 类型约束
status enum('new','paid','delivered','cancelled') not null default 'new'
comment '订单状态'
-- postgresql检查约束
alter table orders
add constraint status_check
check (status in ('new', 'paid', 'delivered', 'cancelled'));六、错误解决方案手册
1. 序列化问题修复
// 添加枚举序列化配置
@jsonformat(shape = jsonformat.shape.object)
public enum orderstatus implements enumcode {
// ...
}
// 或自定义序列化器
public class enumcodeserializer extends stdserializer<enumcode> {
public enumcodeserializer() {
super(enumcode.class);
}
@override
public void serialize(enumcode value, jsongenerator gen,
serializerprovider provider) {
gen.writestartobject();
gen.writestringfield("code", value.getcode());
gen.writestringfield("description", value.getdescription());
gen.writeendobject();
}
}2. 国际化方案
public interface localizedenum {
string getcode();
default string getmessage(locale locale) {
resourcebundle bundle = resourcebundle.getbundle(
"enum_messages", locale);
return bundle.getstring(this.getclass().getsimplename() + "." + getcode());
}
}
// 多语言资源文件
// en_us.properties
usertype.a=administrator
usertype.e=editor
usertype.u=user
// zh_cn.properties
usertype.a=管理员
usertype.e=编辑
usertype.u=普通用户总结:mybatis枚举映射决策树
graph td
a[需要映射枚举] --> b{是否简单状态值?}
b --> |是| c{是否确定永不修改顺序?}
c --> |是| d[使用enumtypehandler默认序数映射]
c --> |否| e[使用enumordinaltypehandler名称映射]
b --> |否| f{是否需要业务编码?}
f --> |是| g[自定义typehandler+编码设计]
f --> |否| h{是否多语言/复杂属性?}
h --> |是| i[关联表映射方案]
h --> |否| j[直接使用mybatis-plus枚举方案]企业级应用建议:
- 选择自定义编码映射作为默认方案
- 对性能敏感的常量枚举使用序数映射
- 需要多语言支持的使用关联表映射
- 组合状态使用bit存储+解码方案
遵循这些模式,可构建出健壮且易维护的枚举持久化层,完美平衡数据库高效存储与业务代码的可读性需求。
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