引言
在现代办公自动化和文档处理领域，microsoft word的.docx格式已成为行业标准。对于需要在java应用程序中生成、修改或处理word文档的开发者来说，docx4j是一个强大而专业的选择。本文将全面介绍docx4j库的特点、使用方法和适用场景，并通过丰富的代码示例展示其强大功能。
一、环境准备与基础配置
1.1 maven依赖配置
<dependency>
<groupid>org.docx4j</groupid>
<artifactid>docx4j-core</artifactid>
<version>8.3.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupid>org.docx4j</groupid>
<artifactid>docx4j-export-fo</artifactid>
<version>8.3.4</version>
</dependency>
1.2 初始化测试类
public class docx4jtest {
private wordprocessingmlpackage wordpackage;
private objectfactory factory;
@beforeeach
public void setup() throws exception {
wordpackage = wordprocessingmlpackage.createpackage();
factory = context.getwmlobjectfactory();
}
@aftereach
public void teardown() throws exception {
if (wordpackage != null) {
wordpackage.save(new file("test_output.docx"));
}
}
}
二、增强版文档操作示例
2.1 复杂表格生成（带样式和合并单元格）
@test
public void testcreatecomplextable() throws exception {
// 创建5x5表格
tbl table = factory.createtbl();
// 设置表格属性
tblpr tblpr = factory.createtblpr();
tblwidth tblwidth = factory.createtblwidth();
tblwidth.setw(biginteger.valueof(5000));
tblwidth.settype("dxa");
tblpr.settblwidth(tblwidth);
table.settblpr(tblpr);
// 创建表头行
tr headerrow = factory.createtr();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
tc cell = createtablecell("表头 " + (i+1), true, "ff0000");
headerrow.getcontent().add(cell);
}
table.getcontent().add(headerrow);
// 创建数据行（带合并单元格）
for (int row = 0; row < 4; row++) {
tr datarow = factory.createtr();
for (int col = 0; col < 5; col++) {
if (row == 1 && col == 1) {
// 合并单元格（横向合并2个）
tc cell = createtablecell("合并单元格", false, "00ff00");
cell.gettcpr().setgridspan(new biginteger("2"));
datarow.getcontent().add(cell);
col++; // 跳过下一个单元格
} else if (row == 2 && col == 0) {
// 合并单元格（纵向合并2个）
tc cell = createtablecell("纵向合并", false, "0000ff");
cell.gettcpr().setvmerge(factory.createctvmerge());
cell.gettcpr().getvmerge().setval("restart");
datarow.getcontent().add(cell);
} else if (row == 3 && col == 0) {
// 继续纵向合并
tc cell = createtablecell("", false, "0000ff");
cell.gettcpr().setvmerge(factory.createctvmerge());
cell.gettcpr().getvmerge().setval("continue");
datarow.getcontent().add(cell);
} else {
datarow.getcontent().add(
createtablecell("数据 "+row+","+col, false, null));
}
}
table.getcontent().add(datarow);
}
wordpackage.getmaindocumentpart().addobject(table);
assertnotnull(table);
assertequals(5, table.getcontent().size());
}
2.2 文档样式管理
@test
public void testdocumentstyles() throws exception {
// 创建样式定义
styles styles = factory.createstyles();
// 标题1样式
style titlestyle = factory.createstyle();
titlestyle.settype("paragraph");
titlestyle.setstyleid("heading1");
style.name name = factory.createstylename();
name.setval("标题 1");
titlestyle.setname(name);
ppr ppr = factory.createppr();
ppr.setoutlinelvl(new biginteger("0"));
jc jc = factory.createjc();
jc.setval(jcenumeration.center);
ppr.setjc(jc);
titlestyle.setppr(ppr);
rpr rpr = factory.createrpr();
rpr.setb(new booleandefaulttrue());
rpr.setsz(new hpsmeasure(biginteger.valueof(32)));
rpr.setcolor(new color("2f5496"));
titlestyle.setrpr(rpr);
styles.getstyle().add(titlestyle);
// 将样式添加到文档
wordpackage.getmaindocumentpart().setstyledefinitionspart(
new stylespart(wordpackage, styles));
// 使用样式
p p = factory.createp();
ppr ppr = factory.createppr();
ppr.setpstyle("heading1");
p.setppr(ppr);
r r = factory.creater();
text t = factory.createtext();
t.setvalue("这是标题1样式");
r.getcontent().add(t);
p.getcontent().add(r);
wordpackage.getmaindocumentpart().addobject(p);
// 验证样式是否存在
assertnotnull(wordpackage.getmaindocumentpart().getstyledefinitionspart());
assertequals(1, wordpackage.getmaindocumentpart()
.getstyledefinitionspart().getjaxbelement().getstyle().size());
}
三、高级功能实现
3.1 生成带目录的文档
@test
public void testgeneratetoc() throws exception {
// 添加标题样式（同2.2节）
// ...
// 添加几个带样式的标题
addstyledparagraph("heading1", "第一章 简介");
addstyledparagraph("heading2", "1.1 背景");
addstyledparagraph("heading1", "第二章 实现");
addstyledparagraph("heading2", "2.1 技术选型");
// 创建目录字段代码
p tocparagraph = factory.createp();
fldchar fldchar = factory.createfldchar();
fldchar.setfldchartype(stfldchartype.begin);
tocparagraph.getcontent().add(fldchar);
r tocrun = factory.creater();
text toctext = factory.createtext();
toctext.setspace("preserve");
toctext.setvalue(" toc \\o \"1-3\" \\h \\z \\u ");
tocrun.getcontent().add(toctext);
tocparagraph.getcontent().add(tocrun);
fldchar fldcharsep = factory.createfldchar();
fldcharsep.setfldchartype(stfldchartype.separate);
tocparagraph.getcontent().add(fldcharsep);
// 目录占位文本
r placeholderrun = factory.creater();
text placeholdertext = factory.createtext();
placeholdertext.setvalue("目录将在此生成...");
placeholderrun.getcontent().add(placeholdertext);
tocparagraph.getcontent().add(placeholderrun);
fldchar fldcharend = factory.createfldchar();
fldcharend.setfldchartype(stfldchartype.end);
tocparagraph.getcontent().add(fldcharend);
// 将目录添加到文档开头
wordpackage.getmaindocumentpart().addobject(0, tocparagraph);
// 更新字段（生成实际目录）
fieldupdater updater = new fieldupdater(wordpackage);
updater.update(true);
// 验证目录是否存在
asserttrue(wordpackage.getmaindocumentpart().getcontent().get(0) instanceof p);
}
3.2 文档加密与保护
@test
public void testdocumentprotection() throws exception {
// 设置文档保护
documentprotection protection = new documentprotection();
protection.setedit(protectionedittype.read_only);
protection.setpassword("123456");
// 应用保护设置
wordpackage.getmaindocumentpart().getcontents().getbody().setdocumentprotection(
protection.createdocumentprotection());
// 添加一些内容
wordpackage.getmaindocumentpart().addparagraphoftext("这是受保护的文档");
// 保存并重新加载验证保护
bytearrayoutputstream baos = new bytearrayoutputstream();
wordpackage.save(baos);
bytearrayinputstream bais = new bytearrayinputstream(baos.tobytearray());
wordprocessingmlpackage protectedpackage = wordprocessingmlpackage.load(bais);
// 尝试修改（应抛出异常）
assertthrows(docx4jexception.class, () -> {
protectedpackage.getmaindocumentpart().addparagraphoftext("尝试修改");
protectedpackage.save(new file("protected.docx"));
});
// 使用密码解除保护
protectedpackage = wordprocessingmlpackage.load(new bytearrayinputstream(baos.tobytearray()));
protectedpackage.getmaindocumentpart().removeprotection("123456");
protectedpackage.getmaindocumentpart().addparagraphoftext("已解除保护");
protectedpackage.save(new file("unprotected.docx"));
}
四、测试工具类与实用方法
4.1 文档比较工具类
public class docxcomparator {
public static boolean comparedocs(file doc1, file doc2) throws exception {
wordprocessingmlpackage pkg1 = wordprocessingmlpackage.load(doc1);
wordprocessingmlpackage pkg2 = wordprocessingmlpackage.load(doc2);
// 比较文档结构
if (!compareparts(pkg1.getmaindocumentpart(), pkg2.getmaindocumentpart())) {
return false;
}
// 比较样式
if (!comparestyles(pkg1, pkg2)) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
private static boolean compareparts(part part1, part part2) {
// 实现具体的比较逻辑
// ...
return true;
}
private static boolean comparestyles(wordprocessingmlpackage pkg1,
wordprocessingmlpackage pkg2) {
// 实现样式比较逻辑
// ...
return true;
}
}
// 测试用例
@test
public void testdocumentcomparison() throws exception {
file original = new file("template.docx");
file generated = new file("test_output.docx");
// 生成测试文档
wordprocessingmlpackage pkg = wordprocessingmlpackage.createpackage();
pkg.getmaindocumentpart().addparagraphoftext("测试内容");
pkg.save(generated);
// 比较文档
assertfalse(docxcomparator.comparedocs(original, generated));
// 比较相同文档
asserttrue(docxcomparator.comparedocs(generated, generated));
}
4.2 性能测试工具
public class docx4jbenchmark {
public static long measuredocumentcreation(int paragraphcount) throws exception {
long start = system.currenttimemillis();
wordprocessingmlpackage wordpackage = wordprocessingmlpackage.createpackage();
objectfactory factory = context.getwmlobjectfactory();
for (int i = 0; i < paragraphcount; i++) {
p p = factory.createp();
r r = factory.creater();
text t = factory.createtext();
t.setvalue("段落 " + (i+1));
r.getcontent().add(t);
p.getcontent().add(r);
wordpackage.getmaindocumentpart().addobject(p);
}
bytearrayoutputstream out = new bytearrayoutputstream();
wordpackage.save(out);
return system.currenttimemillis() - start;
}
}
// 性能测试用例
@test
public void testperformance() throws exception {
int[] testsizes = {100, 1000, 5000};
for (int size : testsizes) {
long time = docx4jbenchmark.measuredocumentcreation(size);
system.out.printf("生成 %d 段落的文档耗时: %d ms%n", size, time);
asserttrue(time < 10000, "性能测试失败，耗时过长");
}
}
五、集成测试示例
5.1 端到端文档生成测试
@test
public void testendtoenddocumentgeneration() throws exception {
// 1. 创建文档
wordprocessingmlpackage wordpackage = wordprocessingmlpackage.createpackage();
// 2. 添加封面
addcoverpage(wordpackage);
// 3. 添加目录
addtableofcontents(wordpackage);
// 4. 添加章节内容
addchapter(wordpackage, "1. 简介", "这是文档的简介部分...");
addchapter(wordpackage, "2. 实现", "详细实现说明...");
// 5. 添加表格
addsampletable(wordpackage);
// 6. 添加图表
addsamplechart(wordpackage);
// 7. 添加页眉页脚
addheaderfooter(wordpackage);
// 8. 保存文档
file output = new file("full_document.docx");
wordpackage.save(output);
// 验证
asserttrue(output.exists());
asserttrue(output.length() > 1024); // 文档大小应大于1kb
// 验证文档结构
wordprocessingmlpackage loaded = wordprocessingmlpackage.load(output);
assertnotnull(loaded.getmaindocumentpart());
assertnotnull(loaded.getmaindocumentpart().getstyledefinitionspart());
// 验证内容
string xml = xmlutils.marshaltostring(
loaded.getmaindocumentpart().getjaxbelement(), true);
asserttrue(xml.contains("简介"));
asserttrue(xml.contains("实现"));
}
5.2 异常处理测试
@test
public void testexceptionhandling() {
// 测试无效文件加载
assertthrows(docx4jexception.class, () -> {
wordprocessingmlpackage.load(new file("nonexistent.docx"));
});
// 测试无效操作
assertthrows(illegalstateexception.class, () -> {
wordprocessingmlpackage wordpackage = wordprocessingmlpackage.createpackage();
wordpackage.save(null);
});
// 测试样式操作错误
assertthrows(invalidformatexception.class, () -> {
wordprocessingmlpackage wordpackage = wordprocessingmlpackage.createpackage();
p p = factory.createp();
ppr ppr = factory.createppr();
ppr.setpstyle("invalidstyle");
p.setppr(ppr);
wordpackage.getmaindocumentpart().addobject(p);
wordpackage.save(new file("invalid_style.docx"));
});
}
六、实用工具方法集
文档生成工具类
public class docxgenerator {
private final wordprocessingmlpackage wordpackage;
private final objectfactory factory;
public docxgenerator() throws docx4jexception {
this.wordpackage = wordprocessingmlpackage.createpackage();
this.factory = context.getwmlobjectfactory();
}
public void addtitle(string text, int level) {
p p = factory.createp();
ppr ppr = factory.createppr();
ppr.setpstyle("heading" + level);
p.setppr(ppr);
r r = factory.creater();
text t = factory.createtext();
t.setvalue(text);
r.getcontent().add(t);
p.getcontent().add(r);
wordpackage.getmaindocumentpart().addobject(p);
}
public void addparagraph(string text) {
wordpackage.getmaindocumentpart().addparagraphoftext(text);
}
public void addtable(list<list<string>> data) {
tbl table = factory.createtbl();
// 添加表头
if (!data.isempty()) {
tr headerrow = factory.createtr();
for (string header : data.get(0)) {
headerrow.getcontent().add(createtablecell(header, true, null));
}
table.getcontent().add(headerrow);
}
// 添加数据行
for (int i = 1; i < data.size(); i++) {
tr datarow = factory.createtr();
for (string celldata : data.get(i)) {
datarow.getcontent().add(createtablecell(celldata, false, null));
}
table.getcontent().add(datarow);
}
wordpackage.getmaindocumentpart().addobject(table);
}
public void savetofile(string filename) throws docx4jexception {
wordpackage.save(new file(filename));
}
private tc createtablecell(string text, boolean isheader, string color) {
tc cell = factory.createtc();
p p = factory.createp();
r r = factory.creater();
text t = factory.createtext();
t.setvalue(text);
r.getcontent().add(t);
if (isheader || color != null) {
rpr rpr = factory.createrpr();
if (isheader) {
rpr.setb(new booleandefaulttrue());
}
if (color != null) {
color textcolor = new color();
textcolor.setval(color);
rpr.setcolor(textcolor);
}
r.setrpr(rpr);
}
p.getcontent().add(r);
cell.getcontent().add(p);
return cell;
}
}
// 使用示例
@test
public void testdocxgenerator() throws exception {
docxgenerator generator = new docxgenerator();
generator.addtitle("测试文档", 1);
generator.addparagraph("这是一个自动生成的测试文档");
list<list<string>> tabledata = new arraylist<>();
tabledata.add(arrays.aslist("id", "名称", "数量"));
tabledata.add(arrays.aslist("1", "商品a", "100"));
tabledata.add(arrays.aslist("2", "商品b", "200"));
generator.addtable(tabledata);
generator.savetofile("generated_doc.docx");
file output = new file("generated_doc.docx");
asserttrue(output.exists());
}
结语
本文提供了docx4j的全面增强版实现，包含丰富的代码示例和测试用例。通过这些示例，开发者可以：
- 掌握docx4j的高级功能实现
- 学习如何为docx4j编写有效的测试用例
- 了解性能优化和异常处理的最佳实践
- 使用提供的工具类简化日常开发
建议在实际项目中：
- 根据业务需求封装专用工具类
- 建立完善的测试体系
- 监控文档生成的性能指标
- 做好异常处理和日志记录
通过这些实践，可以充分发挥docx4j的强大功能，构建稳定高效的文档处理系统。
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