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Keepalived+Nginx双机配置小结

2025年03月03日 Linux 我要评论
1.1 软硬件要求linux服务器:redhat 6+ 或 centos 6+,编码 utf-8。1.2 部署前服务器配置调优关闭selinux:修改/etc/selinux/config文件中的se

1.1 软硬件要求

  • linux服务器:redhat 6+ 或 centos 6+,编码 utf-8。

1.2 部署前服务器配置调优

关闭selinux
修改 /etc/selinux/config 文件中的 selinux 参数值为 disabled

关闭防火墙

chkconfig iptables off
service iptables stop

修改hostname
修改 /etc/hosts 文件,添加服务器真实 ip 和 hostname。

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
192.168.1.100    oss-103

修改用户进程可打开文件数限制

修改 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件,添加:

* soft nproc 65536
* hard nproc 65536
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536

修改 /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf 文件,注释掉:

* soft nproc 1024

修改 /etc/pam.d/login 文件,添加:

session required pam_limits.so

重启 ssh 服务:

service sshd restart

linux服务器时间同步

  • 查看时间:date
  • 手动修改时间:date –s “2015-5-8 19:48:00”
  • 自动更新时间:ntpdate -u us.pool.ntp.org

1.3 nginx+keepalived部署

1.3.1 nginx部署

安装约定

  • 使用普通用户 aiuap 安装。
  • 确认服务器已安装 c 环境。

安装过程

  • 上传 nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz 到 aiuap 目录下。

  • 创建 nginx 文件目录:

    cd /opt
    mkdir nginx
    cd /home/aiuap
    
  • 将 nginx 安装包移动到 tmp 目录下,进行解压:

    mv nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz /tmp
    cd /tmp
    tar zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
    
  • 安装 nginx

    cd nginx-1.8.0
    ./configure --prefix=/home/csss/nginx
    

    注意:可能需要安装 pcre-devel 和 zlib-devel 库。

  • 编译安装:

    make
    make install
    

nginx配置

查看 nginx 安装目录:

cd /home/nginx
ls

修改 nginx 配置文件 nginx.conf

vi conf/nginx.conf

配置内容(示例):

worker_processes  24;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       	mime.types;
    default_type  		application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        		on;
    keepalive_timeout 	65;

    upstream xxxx{
        ip_hash;
        server 192.168.1.101:8088 weight=1;
    }

    server {
        listen       8099;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            proxy_set_header host $host:$server_port;
            proxy_set_header x-real-ip $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header x-forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_connect_timeout 600;
            proxy_read_timeout 600;
            proxy_send_timeout 600;
            proxy_ignore_headers x-accel-expires expires cache-control set-cookie; 
            proxy_pass http://xxxx/;
        }
    }

    upstream csss {
        ip_hash;
        server 192.168.1.102:8080 weight=1;
    }

    server {
        listen       9000;
        server_name  192.168.1.102;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            proxy_pass http://xxxx/;
        }
    }
}

1.3.2 nginx+keepalived实现双机热备

  • 准备一个浮动 ip(如:192.168.1.200)。
  • 配置备 nginx 与主 nginx 相同。
  • 安装 keepalived

安装keepalived

  • 安装依赖库:

    yum -y install openssl-devel
    yum -y install ipvsadm
    yum -y install libnl libnl-devel
    yum -y install popt-devel
    
  • 创建 keepalived 安装目录:

    mkdir /home/keepalived
    
  • 解压安装包并安装:

    tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
    cd keepalived-1.2.2
    ./configure --prefix=/home/test/keepalived
    make
    makeinstall
    
  • 建立软连接:

    ln -s /home/test/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/
    ln -s /home/test/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
    mkdir /etc/keepalived
    ln -s /home/test/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
    
  • 配置 keepalived

    • 主服务器配置:
      vi /home/test/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
      
    • 备服务器配置:
      vi /home/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
      
  • 创建脚本 chk_nginx_pid.sh 并赋予执行权限:

    chmod +x /home/test/keepalived/chk_nginx_pid.sh
    
  • 启动 keepalived

    • rhel 7 以下:
      keepalived -d -f /home/test/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
      
    • rhel 7 以上:
      systemctl start keepalived.service
      
  • 停止 keepalived

    • rhel 7 以下:
      service keepalived stop
      
    • rhel 7 以上:
      systemctl stop keepalived.service
      

1.3.3 启动和停止nginx

启动 nginx:

/home/nginx/sbin/nginx

停止 nginx:

从容停止:

kill -quit `cat /home/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

快速停止:

kill -term `cat /home/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

强制停止:

kill -9 `cat /home/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

平滑重启:

kill -hup `cat /home/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

1.4 使用和维护

  • 日志位置<nginx安装目录>/logs/access.log
  • 双机状态查看
    ip addr show bond0
    

1.5 在已经安装的nginx上增加ssl模块

  • 检查 nginx 版本和模块:

    /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
    
  • 下载并配置 nginx 源码:

    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
    
  • 编译但不安装:

    make
    
  • 停止 nginx 并替换二进制文件:

    kill -quit `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
    cp ~/download/nginx-1.10.3/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
    
  • 验证模块:

    /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
    
  • 修改 nginx.conf 文件以支持 ssl。

1.6 配置示例

ssl 配置

server {
    server_name example.com;
    listen 443 ssl;
    ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/example.com_server.txt;
    ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/example.com_private.txt;

    location / {
        # 配置内容
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root html;
    }
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    rewrite ^(.*)$ https://example.com$1 permanent;
}

以上是对 keepalived+nginx 双机配置的详细指南,包括安装、配置、启动、停止和维护等步骤

1.6 nginx基线配置

1.6.1 检查是否隐藏nginx版本信息

server_tokens off;

1.6.2 检查是否配置日志

修改 nginx.conf 文件

error_log  logs/error.log;
error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
error_log  logs/error.log  info;

log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log  logs/access.log  main;
error_log  logs/error.log  error;

1.6.3 检查是否控制超时时间

修改 nginx.conf 文件

client_body_timeout 20s; # 设置客户端请求主体读取超时时间
client_header_timeout 10s; # 设置客户端请求头读取超时时间
send_timeout 30s; # 服务端向客户端传输数据的超时时间

1.6.4 检查是否限制客户端下载速度

修改 nginx.conf 文件

limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=addr:10m;   # 添加该行
limit_conn addr 50; # 每个客户端允许50个线程。
limit_rate 1000k;    # 每个线程最大下载速度1000k

1.6.5 检查是否自定义nginx返回的错误信息

修改 nginx 配置文件

error_page 400 401 402 403 404 405 408 410 412 413 414 415 500 501 502 503 504 506 /50x.html;

location = /50x.html {
    root   html;
}

1.6.6 检查是否配置防盗链设置

location ~* ^.+\.(aa|bb|cc)$ {                   
    valid_referers none blocked 127.0.0.1;    
    if ($invalid_referer) {
        return 403; 
    }
}

1.6.7 检查是否限制ip访问

deny 1.1.1.1; 
allow all;

1.7 完整样例配置

worker_processes  4;

error_log  logs/error.log;
error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
error_log  logs/error.log  info;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       	mime.types;
    default_type  		application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    error_log  logs/error.log  error;
    client_body_timeout 20s;
    client_header_timeout 10s;
    send_timeout 30s;
    limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=addr:10m;
    sendfile        		on;
    keepalive_timeout 	65;
    server_tokens off;

    upstream xxxx {
        ip_hash;
        server 192.168.107.2:7001 weight=10;
        server 192.168.107.3:7001 weight=10;
    }

    server {
       listen 8080 default;
       server_name _;
       location / {
            return 403;
          }
    }

    server {
        listen       8080;
        server_name  192.168.107.2 192.168.107.4;
        add_header set-cookie "httponly=true";
        set $flag 0;
        if ( $host != '192.168.107.2' ) {
          set $flag 1;  
        }
        if ( $host != '192.168.107.4' ) {
          set $flag $flag+1; 
        }
        if ( $flag = 3 ) {
          return 403; 
        }

        location / {
            root   html;
	    proxy_set_header host $host:$server_port;
 	    proxy_set_header x-real-ip $remote_addr;
	    proxy_set_header x-forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
	    proxy_connect_timeout 600;
	    proxy_read_timeout 600;
	    proxy_send_timeout 600;
	    proxy_ignore_headers x-accel-expires expires cache-control set-cookie; 
	    proxy_pass http://xxxx/;
	    limit_conn addr 50;
            limit_rate 1000k;
	   deny 1.1.1.1;
	    allow all;
        }
        location ~* ^.+\.(aa|bb|cc)$ {                   
            valid_referers none blocked 127.0.0.1;    
            if ($invalid_referer) {
                return 403; 
            }
         }
        error_page 400 401 402 403 404 405 408 410 412 413 414 415 500 501 502 503 504 506 /50x.html;

        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

以上是 nginx 的基线配置指南,包括隐藏版本信息、配置日志、控制超时时间、限制客户端下载速度、自定义错误信息、配置防盗链设置和限制 ip 访问等。

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