我要评论1. 简介
这是一个基于 python编写的tkinter 和 pyserial 的串口调试工具。通过图形化界面（gui），用户可以方便地进行串口通信的设置、数据发送与接收、文件传输等操作。程序提供了对串口参数的全面控制（如波特率、数据位、校验位等），并且支持对发送和接收数据的格式进行多种定制，如 hex 格式显示、校验码（crc-16、xor）等。除此之外，工具还支持自动发送功能，用户可以根据需求设置数据发送的时间间隔，极大地提高了工作效率。
功能
1.串口设置：
用户可以选择串口号、波特率、数据位、校验位、停止位和流控方式。
支持串口端口列表的动态更新。
2.数据发送：
可以手动输入文本数据，或者发送文件。
支持以 hex 编码发送数据。
可以在数据末尾添加 crc-16 或 xor 校验码。
3.数据接收：
支持显示接收到的数据（可以选择以文本或 hex 格式显示）。
支持接收时显示时间戳。
4.文件传输：
支持发送文件内容，并将其以二进制形式发送。
支持将接收到的数据保存到本地文件。
5.自动发送：
支持定时自动发送数据，发送间隔时间可以设置。
可根据设置的间隔自动循环发送数据。
6.颜色定制：
用户可以设置接收和发送数据的颜色。
7.扩展功能：
提供了“预置命令”和“自动答复”两个扩展功能选项卡，供高级用户自定义命令或响应。
8.状态栏：
显示当前串口连接状态。
显示接收和发送的数据计数。
9.串口控制：
可以打开或关闭串口连接。
在串口连接成功后，自动开始接收数据。
2. 运行效果
3.相关源码
import serial
import serial.tools.list_ports
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox, colorchooser, filedialog
from threading import thread, event
import time
import binascii
from datetime import datetime
class serialdebugger:
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.serial_port = none
self.receive_flag = event()
self.auto_send_flag = false
self.rx_counter = 0
self.tx_counter = 0
self.recv_color = '#ff0000' # 默认接收颜色红色
self.send_color = '#0000ff' # 默认发送颜色蓝色
self.extension_visible = false # 扩展窗口可见状态
# 获取默认checkbutton背景颜色
temp = tk.checkbutton(master)
self.default_bg = temp.cget('bg')
temp.destroy()
# 初始化ttk样式
self.style = ttk.style()
self.style.configure('yellow.tcombobox', fieldbackground='yellow')
# 初始化界面
self.setup_ui()
self.setup_extension_window()
self.update_ports()
# 绑定事件
self.port_combo.bind("<<comboboxselected>>", self.on_port_change)
def setup_ui(self):
"""初始化主界面布局"""
self.master.geometry("990x700")
self.master.title("串口调试工具")
self.master.minsize(650, 450)
# 配置主窗口网格布局
self.master.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.master.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=0, minsize=0) # 扩展窗口列
self.master.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1) # 数据显示区
self.master.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=0) # 控制区
self.master.grid_rowconfigure(2, weight=0) # 状态栏
# ========== 数据显示区 ==========
display_frame = ttk.frame(self.master)
display_frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew", padx=5, pady=5)
self.text_display = tk.text(display_frame, state=tk.disabled, wrap=tk.word)
scroll_display = ttk.scrollbar(display_frame, orient="vertical", command=self.text_display.yview)
self.text_display.configure(yscrollcommand=scroll_display.set)
self.text_display.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
scroll_display.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="ns")
display_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
display_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
# ========== 中间控制区 ==========
control_frame = ttk.frame(self.master)
control_frame.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="nsew", padx=5, pady=2)
control_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, minsize=200, weight=0)
control_frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
control_frame.grid_columnconfigure(2, minsize=250, weight=0)
control_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, minsize=155, weight=0)
# 串口设置区
self.setup_serial_controls(control_frame)
# 发送输入区
self.setup_send_controls(control_frame)
# 功能区
self.setup_function_controls(control_frame)
# ========== 状态栏 ==========
self.setup_status_bar()
def setup_extension_window(self):
"""初始化扩展窗口"""
self.extension_frame = ttk.frame(self.master, width=425)
self.extension_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew")
self.extension_frame.grid_remove()
# 创建notebook
self.notebook = ttk.notebook(self.extension_frame)
self.notebook.pack(expand=true, fill='both')
# 预置命令标签页
self.preset_frame = ttk.frame(self.notebook)
self.notebook.add(self.preset_frame, text="预置命令")
# 自动答复标签页
self.auto_reply_frame = ttk.frame(self.notebook)
self.notebook.add(self.auto_reply_frame, text="自动答复")
# 设置固定宽度
self.extension_frame.grid_propagate(false)
self.extension_frame.config(width=425)
def toggle_extension(self):
"""切换扩展窗口显示状态"""
self.extension_visible = not self.extension_visible
if self.extension_visible:
self.extension_frame.grid()
self.master.grid_columnconfigure(1, minsize=425, weight=0)
else:
self.extension_frame.grid_remove()
self.master.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=0, minsize=0)
def setup_status_bar(self):
"""初始化底部状态栏"""
status_bar = ttk.frame(self.master, height=22)
status_bar.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="sew")
self.status_conn = ttk.label(status_bar, text="未连接", anchor=tk.w)
self.status_rx = ttk.label(status_bar, text="rx:0", width=8)
self.status_tx = ttk.label(status_bar, text="tx:0", width=8)
self.status_author = ttk.label(status_bar, text=" ", anchor=tk.e)
self.status_conn.pack(side=tk.left, fill=tk.x, expand=true)
self.status_rx.pack(side=tk.left, padx=5)
self.status_tx.pack(side=tk.left, padx=5)
self.status_author.pack(side=tk.right)
def setup_serial_controls(self, parent):
"""串口设置区"""
frame = ttk.labelframe(parent, text="串口设置", padding=5)#padding 与顶部的距离
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew", padx=2)
frame.grid_propagate(false)
frame.config(width=200, height=155)
frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
row = 0
ttk.label(frame, text="端口号:").grid(row=row, column=0, sticky=tk.w)
self.port_combo = ttk.combobox(frame)
self.port_combo.grid(row=row, column=1, sticky=tk.ew, padx=6)
row += 1
ttk.label(frame, text="波特率:").grid(row=row, column=0, sticky=tk.w)
self.baud_combo = ttk.combobox(frame, values=[
'300', '600', '1200', '2400', '4800', '9600',
'14400', '19200', '38400', '57600', '115200'
])
self.baud_combo.set('9600')
self.baud_combo.grid(row=row, column=1, sticky=tk.ew, padx=6)
row += 1
# 数据位和校验行
param_row = ttk.frame(frame)
param_row.grid(row=row, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky=tk.ew)
ttk.label(param_row, text="数据位:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=1)
self.data_bits = ttk.combobox(param_row, values=['5', '6', '7', '8'], width=3)
self.data_bits.set('8')
self.data_bits.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=4)
ttk.label(param_row, text="校验:").grid(row=0, column=2, padx=1)
self.parity = ttk.combobox(param_row, values=['无', '奇校验', '偶校验'], width=3)
self.parity.set('无')
self.parity.grid(row=0, column=3, sticky=tk.ew)
param_row.grid_columnconfigure(3, weight=1)
row += 1
# 停止位和流控行
param_row = ttk.frame(frame)
param_row.grid(row=row, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky=tk.ew)
ttk.label(param_row, text="停止位:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=1)
self.stop_bits = ttk.combobox(param_row, values=['1', '1.5', '2'], width=3)
self.stop_bits.set('1')
self.stop_bits.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=4)
ttk.label(param_row, text="流控:").grid(row=0, column=2, padx=1)
self.flow_control = ttk.combobox(param_row, values=['无', 'rts/cts', 'xon/xoff'], width=3)
self.flow_control.set('无')
self.flow_control.grid(row=0, column=3, sticky=tk.ew)
param_row.grid_columnconfigure(3, weight=1)
row += 1
self.open_btn = ttk.button(frame, text="打开端口", command=self.toggle_serial)
self.open_btn.grid(row=row, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=5, sticky=tk.ew)
def setup_send_controls(self, parent):
"""发送输入区"""
frame = ttk.labelframe(parent, text="发送区", padding=5)
frame.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew", padx=2)
frame.grid_propagate(false)
frame.config(height=155)
frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=0)
frame.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
top_row = ttk.frame(frame)
top_row.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="ew", pady=2)
ttk.button(top_row, text="文件发送", command=self.send_file).pack(side=tk.left, padx=2)
ttk.button(top_row, text="数据存至文件", command=self.save_data).pack(side=tk.left, padx=2)
ttk.label(top_row, text="末尾添加校验:").pack(side=tk.left)
self.checksum_combo = ttk.combobox(top_row, values=['none', 'crc-16', 'xor'], width=8)
self.checksum_combo.set('none')
self.checksum_combo.pack(side=tk.left, padx=2)
self.checksum_combo.bind("<<comboboxselected>>", self.on_checksum_selected)
self.on_checksum_selected(none)
text_frame = ttk.frame(frame)
text_frame.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.send_text = tk.text(text_frame, wrap=tk.word, font=('consolas', 10))
scroll_send = ttk.scrollbar(text_frame, orient="vertical", command=self.send_text.yview)
self.send_text.configure(yscrollcommand=scroll_send.set)
self.send_text.pack(side=tk.left, fill=tk.both, expand=true)
scroll_send.pack(side=tk.right, fill=tk.y)
def setup_function_controls(self, parent):
"""功能区"""
frame = ttk.labelframe(parent, text="功能设置", padding=5)
frame.grid(row=0, column=2, sticky="nsew", padx=2)
frame.grid_propagate(false)
frame.config(width=250, height=155)
frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
top_row = ttk.frame(frame)
top_row.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="ew", pady=2)
self.hex_send = tk.booleanvar()
self.hex_send_cb = tk.checkbutton(top_row, text="hex发送", variable=self.hex_send)
self.hex_send_cb.pack(side=tk.left)
self.hex_send.trace_add('write', lambda *args: self.update_checkbutton_bg(self.hex_send_cb, self.hex_send))
self.hex_display = tk.booleanvar()
self.hex_display_cb = tk.checkbutton(top_row, text="hex显示", variable=self.hex_display)
self.hex_display_cb.pack(side=tk.left, padx=5)
self.hex_display.trace_add('write', lambda *args: self.update_checkbutton_bg(self.hex_display_cb, self.hex_display))
ttk.button(top_row, text="清空窗口", command=self.clear_display).pack(side=tk.right)
middle_row = ttk.frame(frame)
middle_row.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky="ew", pady=2)
self.timestamp = tk.booleanvar()
self.timestamp_cb = tk.checkbutton(middle_row, text="时间戳", variable=self.timestamp)
self.timestamp_cb.pack(side=tk.left)
self.timestamp.trace_add('write', lambda *args: self.update_checkbutton_bg(self.timestamp_cb, self.timestamp))
color_frame = ttk.frame(middle_row)
color_frame.pack(side=tk.right)
ttk.label(color_frame, text="收:").pack(side=tk.left)
self.recv_color_lbl = tk.label(color_frame, width=2, bg=self.recv_color, relief="solid")
self.recv_color_lbl.bind("<button-1>", lambda e: self.choose_color('recv'))
self.recv_color_lbl.pack(side=tk.left, padx=2)
ttk.label(color_frame, text="发:").pack(side=tk.left)
self.send_color_lbl = tk.label(color_frame, width=2, bg=self.send_color, relief="solid")
self.send_color_lbl.bind("<button-1>", lambda e: self.choose_color('send'))
self.send_color_lbl.pack(side=tk.left, padx=2)
auto_frame = ttk.frame(frame)
auto_frame.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky="ew", pady=2)
ttk.label(auto_frame, text="间隔(ms):").pack(side=tk.left)
self.interval_var = ttk.entry(auto_frame, width=8)
self.interval_var.insert(0, "1000")
self.interval_var.pack(side=tk.left, padx=2)
self.auto_send = tk.booleanvar()
self.auto_send_cb = tk.checkbutton(auto_frame, text="自动发送", variable=self.auto_send, command=self.toggle_auto_send)
self.auto_send_cb.pack(side=tk.left)
self.auto_send.trace_add('write', lambda *args: self.update_checkbutton_bg(self.auto_send_cb, self.auto_send))
# 修改发送按钮并添加扩展按钮
button_frame = ttk.frame(frame)
button_frame.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky="ew", pady=5)
ttk.button(button_frame, text="发送", command=self.send_data).pack(side=tk.left, expand=true)
ttk.button(button_frame, text="扩展", command=self.toggle_extension).pack(side=tk.right)
def choose_color(self, direction):
"""选择颜色"""
chinese_dir = "接收" if direction == "recv" else "发送"
color = colorchooser.askcolor(title=f'选择{chinese_dir}颜色')[1]
if color:
if direction == 'recv':
self.recv_color = color
self.recv_color_lbl.config(bg=color)
else:
self.send_color = color
self.send_color_lbl.config(bg=color)
def update_checkbutton_bg(self, checkbutton, var):
"""更新复选框背景颜色"""
checkbutton.config(bg='yellow' if var.get() else self.default_bg)
def on_checksum_selected(self, event):
"""校验选项变化事件处理"""
if self.checksum_combo.get() != 'none':
self.checksum_combo.config(style='yellow.tcombobox')
else:
self.checksum_combo.config(style='tcombobox')
def send_file(self):
"""发送文件"""
if not self.serial_port or not self.serial_port.is_open:
messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请先打开串口")
return
file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename()
if not file_path: return
try:
with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
data = f.read()
if self.hex_send.get():
hex_str = data.hex()
data = binascii.unhexlify(hex_str)
data = self.add_checksum(data)
self.serial_port.write(data)
self.tx_counter += len(data)
self.display_data(data, 'send')
self.update_counters()
except exception as e:
messagebox.showerror("发送文件错误", str(e))
def save_data(self):
"""保存数据"""
content = self.text_display.get("1.0", tk.end)
file_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(
defaultextension=".txt",
filetypes=[("text files", "*.txt"), ("all files", "*.*")]
)
if not file_path: return
try:
with open(file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(content)
messagebox.showinfo("保存成功", "数据已保存至文件")
except exception as e:
messagebox.showerror("保存错误", str(e))
def add_checksum(self, data):
"""添加校验码"""
checksum_type = self.checksum_combo.get()
if checksum_type == 'none':
return data
elif checksum_type == 'crc-16':
crc = self.calculate_crc16(data)
return data + crc
elif checksum_type == 'xor':
xor = self.calculate_xor(data)
return data + xor.to_bytes(1, 'big')
return data
def calculate_crc16(self, data):
"""计算crc16校验"""
crc = 0xffff
for byte in data:
crc ^= byte
for _ in range(8):
if crc & 0x0001:
crc >>= 1
crc ^= 0xa001
else:
crc >>= 1
return crc.to_bytes(2, 'little')
def calculate_xor(self, data):
"""计算异或校验"""
xor = 0
for byte in data:
xor ^= byte
return xor
def update_ports(self):
"""更新端口列表"""
ports = [port.device for port in serial.tools.list_ports.comports()]
self.port_combo['values'] = ports
self.port_combo.set(ports[0] if ports else '')
def update_status(self, status, success=true):
"""更新状态栏"""
if success:
conn_info = f"{self.port_combo.get()} | {self.baud_combo.get()}波特 | {self.data_bits.get()}数据位 | "
conn_info += f"{self.stop_bits.get()}停止位 | {self.parity.get()} | {self.flow_control.get()}"
self.status_conn.config(text=conn_info, foreground='green')
else:
self.status_conn.config(text=status, foreground='red')
def update_counters(self):
"""更新计数器"""
self.status_rx.config(text=f"rx:{self.rx_counter}")
self.status_tx.config(text=f"tx:{self.tx_counter}")
def clear_display(self):
"""清空显示"""
self.text_display.config(state=tk.normal)
self.text_display.delete(1.0, tk.end)
self.text_display.config(state=tk.disabled)
self.rx_counter = self.tx_counter = 0
self.update_counters()
def toggle_auto_send(self):
"""切换自动发送"""
self.auto_send_flag = self.auto_send.get()
if self.auto_send_flag:
self.auto_send_loop()
def auto_send_loop(self):
"""自动发送循环"""
if self.auto_send_flag and self.serial_port.is_open:
self.send_data()
self.master.after(max(100, int(self.interval_var.get())), self.auto_send_loop)
def on_port_change(self, event):
"""端口变更处理"""
if self.serial_port and self.serial_port.is_open:
self.close_serial()
self.open_serial()
def toggle_serial(self):
"""切换串口状态"""
if self.serial_port and self.serial_port.is_open:
self.close_serial()
else:
self.open_serial()
def open_serial(self):
"""打开串口"""
try:
params = {
'port': self.port_combo.get(),
'baudrate': int(self.baud_combo.get()),
'bytesize': int(self.data_bits.get()),
'stopbits': {'1':1, '1.5':1.5, '2':2}[self.stop_bits.get()],
'parity': {'无':'n', '奇校验':'o', '偶校验':'e'}[self.parity.get()],
'xonxoff': 1 if self.flow_control.get() == 'xon/xoff' else 0,
'rtscts': 1 if self.flow_control.get() == 'rts/cts' else 0
}
self.serial_port = serial.serial(**params)
self.open_btn.config(text="关闭端口")
self.update_status("", true)
self.receive_flag.set()
thread(target=self.receive_data, daemon=true).start()
except exception as e:
self.update_status(f"连接失败：{str(e)}", false)
def close_serial(self):
"""关闭串口"""
self.receive_flag.clear()
if self.serial_port:
self.serial_port.close()
self.open_btn.config(text="打开端口")
self.status_conn.config(text="未连接", foreground='black')
def receive_data(self):
"""接收数据"""
while self.receive_flag.is_set():
try:
if self.serial_port.in_waiting:
data = self.serial_port.read(self.serial_port.in_waiting)
self.rx_counter += len(data)
self.display_data(data, 'recv')
self.update_counters()
time.sleep(0.01)
except exception as e:
print("接收错误:", e)
break
def send_data(self):
"""发送数据"""
if not (self.serial_port and self.serial_port.is_open):
messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请先打开串口")
return
text = self.send_text.get("1.0", tk.end).strip()
if not text: return
try:
if self.hex_send.get():
hex_str = text.replace(' ', '').replace('\n', '')
data = binascii.unhexlify(hex_str)
else:
data = text.encode('utf-8')
data = self.add_checksum(data)
self.serial_port.write(data)
self.tx_counter += len(data)
self.display_data(data, 'send')
self.update_counters()
except exception as e:
messagebox.showerror("发送错误", str(e))
def display_data(self, data, direction):
"""显示数据"""
prefix = "收←◆ " if direction == 'recv' else "发→◇ "
color = self.send_color if direction == 'send' else self.recv_color
if self.hex_display.get():
display = ' '.join(f'{b:02x}' for b in data)
else:
try: display = data.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
except: display = str(data)
if self.timestamp.get():
timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%h:%m:%s.%f")[:-3]
full_text = f"[{timestamp}] {prefix}{display}"
else:
full_text = f"{prefix}{display}"
self.text_display.config(state=tk.normal)
self.text_display.insert(tk.end, full_text + '\n', (color,))
self.text_display.tag_config(color, foreground=color)
self.text_display.see(tk.end)
self.text_display.config(state=tk.disabled)
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.tk()
app = serialdebugger(root)
root.mainloop()
4.总结
这款串口调试工具通过简洁的图形化界面和强大的功能，提供了一个全面的串口通信调试平台。用户可以方便地控制串口参数，进行数据的发送与接收，支持多种数据格式和校验方式，还能够将数据保存至文件。自动发送和扩展功能增加了工具的灵活性，可以满足更复杂的调试需求。整体而言，工具适用于硬件开发、嵌入式调试、协议分析等场景，对于串口通信的开发者和调试人员来说，是一个非常实用的工具。
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