我要评论tomcat是apache软件基金会的jakarta项目中的一个核心项目,由apache、sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成.由于有了sun的参与和支持,最新的servlet和jsp规范总是能在tomcat中得到体现,因为tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定,而且免费,因而深受java爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的web应用服务器.
tomcat环境搭建
1.由于tomcat使用java开发,所以应该下载并安装jdk.
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html [root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf jdk-*.tar.gz -c /usr/local/ [root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/jdk-*/ /usr/local/jdk
2.修改环境配置文件写入以下内容,保证下次开机配置好java环境.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile #------------------------------------------------------------------ #java-jdk-path export java_home=/usr/local/jdk export java_bin=/usr/local/jdk/bin export path=$path:$java_home/bin export classpath=.:$java_home/lib/dt.jar:$java_home/lib/tools.jar export java_home java_bin path classpath #------------------------------------------------------------------ [root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
3.下载并解压安装tomcat.
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat9.0.7.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-9.0.7.tar.gz -c /usr/local/ [root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.7/ /usr/local/tomcat
4.修改环境配置文件写入以下内容.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile #------------------------------------------------------------------ #apache-tomcat-path export tomcat_home=/usr/local/tomcat export path=$path:$tomcat_home/bin #------------------------------------------------------------------ [root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
5.赋予可执行权限,启动tomcat,并设置成开机自启动.
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -r 755 /usr/local/tomcat/bin/* [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start [root@localhost ~]# echo "/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start" >> /etc/profile
部署静态页面
1.创建一个默认目录,用来保存起始页面.
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/webindex [root@localhost ~]# echo "hello world" > /usr/local/tomcat/webindex/index.html
2.修改tomcat主配置文件,具体只需要修改两处位置即可.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
define a non-ssl/tls http/1.1 connector on port 8080
-->
<connector port="80" protocol="http/1.1" #将此处端口改为80
connectiontimeout="20000"
redirectport="8443" />
<!-- a "connector" using the shared thread pool-->
<!--
......
<!-- access log processes all example.
documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
note: the pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
<valve classname="org.apache.catalina.valves.accesslogvalve" directory="logs"
prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
<context path="" docbase="/usr/local/tomcat/webindex" reloadable="false" /> #添加本行,指定一下配置文件位置
</host>
</engine>3.重新启动tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
java-war包部署
1.将war包拷入到 /usr/local/tomcat/webapps 目录下,并删除 root 缓存目录.
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a *.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ [root@localhost ~]# rm -fr /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/root/*
2.编辑tomcat主配置文件,在相应的区域中加入以下标★语句.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
</realm>
<host name="localhost" appbase="webapps" unpackwars="true" autodeploy="true">
★ <context path="" docbase="war包名称.war" debug="0" privileged="true"/>
<!-- singlesignon valve, share authentication between web applications
documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
<!--
<valve classname="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.singlesignon" />3.重新启动tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
tomcat虚拟主机
基于端口虚拟主机
基于端口的虚拟主机,可以让用户通过端口号,来访问服务器上的资源,在配置虚拟网站时,基于端口的配置方式最为复杂,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上配置多个端口,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个端口.
1.首先在tomcat目录创建两个目录分别存放两个虚拟主机页面.
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2 [root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost1" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1/index.html [root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost2" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2/index.html
2.修改主配置文件,添加在server.xml,中设置两个service组件.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<service name="catalina">
<connector port="80" protocol="http/1.1" connectiontimeout="20000" redirectport="8443" />
<connector port="8009" protocol="ajp/1.3" redirectport="8443" />
<engine name="catalina" defaulthost="localhost">
<realm classname="org.apache.catalina.realm.lockoutrealm">
<realm classname="org.apache.catalina.realm.userdatabaserealm" resourcename="userdatabase"/>
</realm>
<host name="localhost" appbase="webapps" unpackwars="true" autodeploy="true">
<valve classname="org.apache.catalina.valves.accesslogvalve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
<context path="" docbase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1" reloadable="false" />
</host>
</engine>
</service>
<service name="catalina1">
<connector port="8080" protocol="http/1.1" connectiontimeout="20000" redirectport="8443" />
<connector port="8009" protocol="ajp/1.3" redirectport="8443" />
<engine name="catalina1" defaulthost="localhost">
<realm classname="org.apache.catalina.realm.lockoutrealm">
<realm classname="org.apache.catalina.realm.userdatabaserealm" resourcename="userdatabase"/>
</realm>
<host name="localhost" appbase="webapps" unpackwars="true" autodeploy="true">
<valve classname="org.apache.catalina.valves.accesslogvalve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
<context path="" docbase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2" reloadable="false" />
</host>
</engine>
</service>3.重新启动tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
基于域名虚拟主机
当服务器无法为每一个网站分配一个独立的ip的时候,可以尝试让apache自动识别用户请求的域名,从而根据不同的域名请求来传输不同的内容,这里我们为了验证实验要手动搭建一个dns解析,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上多个域名,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个域名.
1.配置域名与ip的映射管理,这里你可以配置dns解析,也可以直接写host文件测试.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 127.0.0.1 www.wang.com www 127.0.0.1 www.rui.com www
2.在tomcat目录创建两个目录分别存放两个虚拟主机页面.
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2 [root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost1" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1/index.html [root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost2" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2/index.html
3.修改server.xml主配置文件,修改以下内容即可.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<service name="catalina">
<connector port="80" protocol="http/1.1" connectiontimeout="20000" redirectport="8443" />
<connector port="8009" protocol="ajp/1.3" redirectport="8443" />
<engine name="catalina" defaulthost="localhost">
<realm classname="org.apache.catalina.realm.lockoutrealm">
<realm classname="org.apache.catalina.realm.userdatabaserealm" resourcename="userdatabase"/>
</realm>
<host name="www.wang.com" appbase="webapps" unpackwars="true" autodeploy="true">
<valve classname="org.apache.catalina.valves.accesslogvalve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
<context path="" docbase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1" reloadable="false" />
</host>
<host name="www.rui.com" appbase="webapps" unpackwars="true" autodeploy="true">
<valve classname="org.apache.catalina.valves.accesslogvalve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
<context path="" docbase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2" reloadable="false" />
</host>
</engine>
</service>4.重新启动tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
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