我要评论centos7 版本，我们不可能每次都用root账号登陆，root账号公认的不安全，所以一般都会创建一个专有权限的普通账号，
下面创建一个具有root权限的普通账号
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd test [root@localhost ~]# useradd -g test test [root@localhost ~]# passwd test 更改用户 test 的密码 。 新的 密码： 无效的密码： 过于简单化/系统化 无效的密码： 过于简单 重新输入新的 密码： passwd： 所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
创建完用户后
需要给用户添加权限。
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -v u+w /etc/sudoers mode of '/etc/sudoers' changed from 0440 (r--r-----) to 0640 (rw-r-----)
修改sudoers权限
使其可编辑，编辑sudoers文件。
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sudoers ## sudoers allows particular users to run various commands as ## the root user, without needing the root password. ## ## examples are provided at the bottom of the file for collections ## of related commands, which can then be delegated out to particular ## users or groups. ## ## this file must be edited with the 'visudo' command. ## host aliases ## groups of machines. you may prefer to use hostnames (perhaps using ## wildcards for entire domains) or ip addresses instead. # host_alias fileservers = fs1, fs2 # host_alias mailservers = smtp, smtp2 ## user aliases ## these aren't often necessary, as you can use regular groups ## (ie, from files, ldap, nis, etc) in this file - just use %groupname ## rather than useralias # user_alias admins = jsmith, mikem ## command aliases ## these are groups of related commands... ## networking # cmnd_alias networking = /sbin/route, /sbin/ifconfig, /bin/ping, /sbin/dhclient, /usr/bin/net, /sbin/iptables, /usr/bin/rfcomm, /usr/bin/wvdial, /sbin/iwconfig, /sbin/mii-tool ## installation and management of software # cmnd_alias software = /bin/rpm, /usr/bin/up2date, /usr/bin/yum ## services # cmnd_alias services = /sbin/service, /sbin/chkconfig, /usr/bin/systemctl start, /usr/bin/systemctl stop, /usr/bin/systemctl reload, /usr/bin/systemctl restart, /usr/bin/systemctl status, /usr/bin/systemctl enable, /usr/bin/systemctl disable ## updating the locate database # cmnd_alias locate = /usr/bin/updatedb ## storage # cmnd_alias storage = /sbin/fdisk, /sbin/sfdisk, /sbin/parted, /sbin/partprobe, /bin/mount, /bin/umount ## delegating permissions # cmnd_alias delegating = /usr/sbin/visudo, /bin/chown, /bin/chmod, /bin/chgrp ## processes # cmnd_alias processes = /bin/nice, /bin/kill, /usr/bin/kill, /usr/bin/killall ## drivers # cmnd_alias drivers = /sbin/modprobe # defaults specification # # refuse to run if unable to disable echo on the tty. # defaults !visiblepw # # preserving home has security implications since many programs # use it when searching for configuration files. note that home # is already set when the the env_reset option is enabled, so # this option is only effective for configurations where either # env_reset is disabled or home is present in the env_keep list. # defaults always_set_home defaults match_group_by_gid # prior to version 1.8.15, groups listed in sudoers that were not # found in the system group database were passed to the group # plugin, if any. starting with 1.8.15, only groups of the form # %:group are resolved via the group plugin by default. # we enable always_query_group_plugin to restore old behavior. # disable this option for new behavior. defaults always_query_group_plugin defaults env_reset defaults env_keep = "colors display hostname histsize kdedir ls_colors" defaults env_keep += "mail ps1 ps2 qtdir username lang lc_address lc_ctype" defaults env_keep += "lc_collate lc_identification lc_measurement lc_messages" defaults env_keep += "lc_monetary lc_name lc_numeric lc_paper lc_telephone" defaults env_keep += "lc_time lc_all language linguas _xkb_charset xauthority" # # adding home to env_keep may enable a user to run unrestricted # commands via sudo. # # defaults env_keep += "home" defaults secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin ## next comes the main part: which users can run what software on ## which machines (the sudoers file can be shared between multiple ## systems). ## syntax: ## ## user machine=commands ## ## the commands section may have other options added to it. ## ## allow root to run any commands anywhere root all=(all) all ## allows members of the 'sys' group to run networking, software, ## service management apps and more. # %sys all = networking, software, services, storage, delegating, processes, locate, drivers ## allows people in group wheel to run all commands %wheel all=(all) all ## same thing without a password # %wheel all=(all) nopasswd: all ## allows members of the users group to mount and unmount the ## cdrom as root # %users all=/sbin/mount /mnt/cdrom, /sbin/umount /mnt/cdrom ## allows members of the users group to shutdown this system # %users localhost=/sbin/shutdown -h now ## read drop-in files from /etc/sudoers.d (the # here does not mean a comment) #includedir /etc/sudoers.d
在下面添加同样的一样
root all=(all) all test all=(all) all
注意：
test all=(all) nopasswd:all
可以将第二组修改为nopasswd:all，这样使用sudo的时候就不用输入密码了。
将sudoers文件权限修改为不可编辑
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -v u-w /etc/sudoers mode of "/etc/sudoers" changed from 0640 (rw-r-----) to 0440 (r--r-----)
此时，具有root权限的用户test就操作完了。
可能出现问题
1、使用test用户进行切换（su root）root用户，提示鉴定故障。
可能在权限不足带来的问题。
检查办法
如下：
1）检查/etc目录下passwd的权限，该文件应该具备的权限如下：
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/passwd -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2347 4f 16 21:00 /etc/passwd
如果该权限不足，则使用chmod 补充完成。
2）检查/bin/su文件是否有s位权限 也有可能是所属用户为普通用户，该文件应该具备的权限如下：
[root@localhost ~]# ll /bin/su -rwsrwxrwx. 1 root root 32128 8f 9 2019 /bin/su
如果该权限不足，则使用chmod u+s /bin/su补充完成即可。
总结
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持代码网。
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