我要评论一、 块设备查看【lsblk】
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk name maj:min rm size ro type mountpoint sda 8:0 0 40g 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1g 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 39g 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 35.1g 0 lvm / └─centos-swap 253:1 0 3.9g 0 lvm [swap] sr0 11:0 1 918m 0 rom [root@localhost ~]#
二、查看硬件信息【lshw】
[root@localhost ~]# lshw -h
hardware lister (lshw) - b.02.18
usage: lshw [-format] [-options ...]
lshw -version
-version print program version (b.02.18)
format can be
-html output hardware tree as html
-xml output hardware tree as xml
-json output hardware tree as a json object
-short output hardware paths
-businfo output bus information
options can be
-dump filename displays output and dump collected information into a file (sqlite database)
-class class only show a certain class of hardware
-c class same as '-class class'
-c class same as '-class class'
-disable test disable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. )
-enable test enable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. )
-quiet don't display status
-sanitize sanitize output (remove sensitive information like serial numbers, etc.)
-numeric output numeric ids (for pci, usb, etc.)
-notime exclude volatile attributes (timestamps) from output
[root@localhost ~]#
该命令输出的信息较多，该处不展示命令输出，为了方便查看也可以通过格式化输出，支持html，xml，json等格式的输出。
三、列出所有pci设备【lspci】
[root@localhost ~]# lspci -bash: lspci: 未找到命令
如果提示没有该命令，需要安装该工具包，如下：
[root@localhost ~]# yum install pciutils 已加载插件：fastestmirror loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 pciutils.x86_64.0.3.5.1-3.el7 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 =============================================================================================================================================================================================================================== package 架构 版本 源 大小 =============================================================================================================================================================================================================================== 正在安装: pciutils x86_64 3.5.1-3.el7 base 93 k 事务概要 =============================================================================================================================================================================================================================== 安装 1 软件包 总下载量：93 k 安装大小：196 k is this ok [y/d/n]:
安装完后执行命令如下：
[root@localhost ~]# lspci 00:00.0 host bridge: intel corporation 440bx/zx/dx - 82443bx/zx/dx host bridge (rev 01) 00:01.0 pci bridge: intel corporation 440bx/zx/dx - 82443bx/zx/dx agp bridge (rev 01) 00:07.0 isa bridge: intel corporation 82371ab/eb/mb piix4 isa (rev 08) 00:07.1 ide interface: intel corporation 82371ab/eb/mb piix4 ide (rev 01) 00:07.3 bridge: intel corporation 82371ab/eb/mb piix4 acpi (rev 08) 00:07.7 system peripheral: vmware virtual machine communication interface (rev 10) 00:0f.0 vga compatible controller: vmware svga ii adapter 00:10.0 scsi storage controller: broadcom / lsi 53c1030 pci-x fusion-mpt dual ultra320 scsi (rev 01) 00:11.0 pci bridge: vmware pci bridge (rev 02) 00:15.0 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:15.1 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:15.2 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:15.3 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:15.4 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:15.5 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:15.6 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:15.7 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:16.0 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:16.1 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:16.2 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:16.3 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:16.4 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:16.5 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:16.6 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:16.7 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:17.0 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:17.1 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:17.2 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:17.3 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:17.4 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:17.5 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:17.6 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:17.7 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:18.0 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:18.1 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:18.2 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:18.3 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:18.4 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:18.5 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:18.6 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 00:18.7 pci bridge: vmware pci express root port (rev 01) 02:00.0 usb controller: vmware usb1.1 uhci controller 02:01.0 ethernet controller: intel corporation 82545em gigabit ethernet controller (copper) (rev 01) 02:02.0 multimedia audio controller: ensoniq es1371/es1373 / creative labs ct2518 (rev 02) 02:03.0 usb controller: vmware usb2 ehci controller [root@localhost ~]#
四、列出所有usb设备【lsusb】
lsusb的工具包安装命令如下：
yum -y install usbutils
执行命令如下：
[root@localhost ~]# lsusb bus 001 device 001: id 1d6b:0002 linux foundation 2.0 root hub bus 002 device 003: id 0e0f:0002 vmware, inc. virtual usb hub bus 002 device 002: id 0e0f:0003 vmware, inc. virtual mouse bus 002 device 001: id 1d6b:0001 linux foundation 1.1 root hub [root@localhost ~]#
五、查看硬件系统组件【dmidecode】
[root@localhost ~]# dmidecode -h
usage: dmidecode [options]
options are:
-d, --dev-mem file read memory from device file (default: /dev/mem)
-h, --help display this help text and exit
-q, --quiet less verbose output
-s, --string keyword only display the value of the given dmi string
-t, --type type only display the entries of given type
-h, --handle handle only display the entry of given handle
-u, --dump do not decode the entries
--dump-bin file dump the dmi data to a binary file
--from-dump file read the dmi data from a binary file
--no-sysfs do not attempt to read dmi data from sysfs files
--oem-string n only display the value of the given oem string
-v, --version display the version and exit
硬件组件信息较多，可以执行输出到文件查看
六、查看或管理磁盘分区表【fdisk】
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l 磁盘 /dev/sda：42.9 gb, 42949672960 字节，83886080 个扇区 units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 i/o 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节 磁盘标签类型：dos 磁盘标识符：0x00095121 设备 boot start end blocks id system /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 linux /dev/sda2 2099200 83886079 40893440 8e linux lvm 磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：37.7 gb, 37706792960 字节，73646080 个扇区 units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 i/o 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节 磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：4160 mb, 4160749568 字节，8126464 个扇区 units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 i/o 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节 [root@localhost ~]#
该命令详解请移步我的上一篇博文
七、显示或设置sata/ide设备参数【hdparm】
[root@localhost ~]# hdparm hdparm - get/set hard disk parameters - version v9.43, by mark lord. usage: hdparm [options] [device ...] options: -a get/set fs readahead -a get/set the drive look-ahead flag (0/1) -b get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate) -b set advanced power management setting (1-255) -c get/set ide 32-bit io setting -c check drive power mode status -d get/set using_dma flag -d enable/disable drive defect management -e set cd/dvd drive speed -f flush buffer cache for device on exit -f flush drive write cache -g display drive geometry -h display terse usage information -h read temperature from drive (hitachi only) -i display drive identification -i detailed/current information directly from drive -j get/set western digital "idle3" timeout for a wdc "green" drive (dangerous) -k get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1) -k set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1) -l set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only) -m get/set multiple sector count -m get/set acoustic management (0-254, 128: quiet, 254: fast) -n get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1) -n get/set max visible number of sectors (hpa) (very dangerous) -p set pio mode on ide interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...) -p set drive prefetch count -q change next setting quietly -q get/set dma queue_depth (if supported) -r get/set device readonly flag (dangerous to set) -r get/set device write-read-verify flag -s set power-up in standby flag (0/1) (dangerous) -s set standby (spindown) timeout -t perform device read timings -t perform cache read timings -u get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1) -u obsolete -v use defaults; same as -acdgkmur for ide drives -v display program version and exit immediately -w perform device reset (dangerous) -w get/set drive write-caching flag (0/1) -x obsolete -x set ide xfer mode (dangerous) -y put drive in standby mode -y put drive to sleep -z re-read partition table -z disable seagate auto-powersaving mode --dco-freeze freeze/lock current device configuration until next power cycle --dco-identify read/dump device configuration identify data --dco-restore reset device configuration back to factory defaults --direct use o_direct to bypass page cache for timings --drq-hsm-error crash system with a "stuck drq" error (very dangerous) --fallocate create a file without writing data to disk --fibmap show device extents (and fragmentation) for a file --fwdownload download firmware file to drive (extremely dangerous) --fwdownload-mode3 download firmware using min-size segments (extremely dangerous) --fwdownload-mode3-max download firmware using max-size segments (extremely dangerous) --fwdownload-mode7 download firmware using a single segment (extremely dangerous) --idle-immediate idle drive immediately --idle-unload idle immediately and unload heads --istdin read identify data from stdin as ascii hex --istdout write identify data to stdout as ascii hex --make-bad-sector deliberately corrupt a sector directly on the media (very dangerous) --offset use with -t, to begin timings at given offset (in gib) from start of drive --prefer-ata12 use 12-byte (instead of 16-byte) sat commands when possible --read-sector read and dump (in hex) a sector directly from the media --repair-sector alias for the --write-sector option (very dangerous) --security-help display help for ata security commands --trim-sector-ranges tell ssd firmware to discard unneeded data sectors: lba:count .. --trim-sector-ranges-stdin same as above, but reads lba:count pairs from stdin --verbose display extra diagnostics from some commands --write-sector repair/overwrite a (possibly bad) sector directly on the media (very dangerous) [root@localhost ~]#
八、用于i2c通信的工具【i2c-tools】
安装命令：
[root@localhost ~]# yum install i2c-tools 已加载插件：fastestmirror loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 i2c-tools.x86_64.0.3.1.0-13.el7 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================= package 架构 版本 源 大小 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 正在安装: i2c-tools x86_64 3.1.0-13.el7 base 71 k 事务概要 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 安装 1 软件包
[root@localhost ~]# i2cget
usage: i2cget [-f] [-y] i2cbus chip-address [data-address [mode]]
i2cbus is an integer or an i2c bus name
address is an integer (0x03 - 0x77)
mode is one of:
b (read byte data, default)
w (read word data)
c (write byte/read byte)
append p for smbus pec
九、显示cpu架构信息【lscpu】
[root@localhost ~]# lscpu architecture: x86_64 cpu op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit byte order: little endian cpu(s): 4 on-line cpu(s) list: 0-3 thread(s) per core: 1 core(s) per socket: 1 座： 4 numa 节点： 1 厂商 id： genuineintel cpu 系列： 6 型号： 151 型号名称： 12th gen intel(r) core(tm) i5-12500 步进： 5 cpu mhz： 2995.203 bogomips： 5990.40 超管理器厂商： vmware 虚拟化类型： 完全 l1d 缓存： 48k l1i 缓存： 32k l2 缓存： 1280k l3 缓存： 18432k numa 节点0 cpu： 0-3 flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon rep_good nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single ssbd rsb_ctxsw ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat umip pku ospke gfni vaes vpclmulqdq movdiri movdir64b md_clear spec_ctrl intel_stibp flush_l1d arch_capabilities [root@localhost ~]#
十、查看内存使用情况【free】
[root@localhost ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
mem: 3.7g 690m 2.6g 11m 436m 2.8g
swap: 3.9g 0b 3.9g
[root@localhost ~]#
总结
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持代码网。
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