Python实现文件查询关键字功能的示例详解_Python

咱们可以想象一个这样的场景，你这边有大量的文件，现在我需要查找一个 序列号：xxxxxx，我想知道这个 序列号：xxxxxx 在哪个文件中。

在没有使用代码脚本的情况下，你可能需要一个文件一个文件打开，然后按 ctrl+f 来进行搜索查询。

那既然我们会使用 python，何不自己写一个呢？本文将实现这样一个工具，且源码全在文章中，只需要复制粘贴即可使用。

思路

主要思路就是通过打开文件夹，获取文件，一个个遍历查找关键字，流程图如下：

流程图

怎么样，思路非常简单，所以其实实现也不难。

本文将支持少部分文件类型，更多类型需要读者自己实现：

txt
docx
csv
xlsx
pptx

读取txt

安装库

pip install chardet

代码

import chardet


def detect_encoding(file_path):
    raw_data = none
    with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
        for line in f:
            raw_data = line
            break

        if raw_data is none:
            raw_data = f.read()
    result = chardet.detect(raw_data)
    return result['encoding']


def read_txt(file_path, keywords=''):
    is_in = false
    encoding = detect_encoding(file_path)
    with open(file_path, 'r', encoding=encoding) as f:
        for line in f:
            if line.find(keywords) != -1:
                is_in = true
                break

    return is_in

我们使用了 chardet 库来判断 txt 的编码，以应对不同编码的读取方式。

读取docx

安装库

pip install python-docx

代码

from docx import document


def read_docx(file_path, keywords=''):
    doc = document(file_path)
    is_in = false

    for para in doc.paragraphs:
        if para.text.find(keywords) != -1:
            is_in = true
            break

    return is_in

读取csv

代码

import csv


def read_csv(file_path, keywords=''):
    is_in = false

    encoding = detect_encoding(file_path)
    with open(file_path, mode='r', encoding=encoding) as f:
        reader = csv.reader(f)

        for row in reader:
            row_text = ''.join([str(v) for v in row])
            if row_text.find(keywords) != -1:
                is_in = true
                break

    return is_in

读取xlsx

安装库

pip install openpyxl

代码

from openpyxl import load_workbook


def read_xlsx(file_path, keywords=''):
    wb = load_workbook(file_path)
    sheet_names = wb.sheetnames

    is_in = false
    for sheet_name in sheet_names:
        sheet = wb[sheet_name]
        for row in sheet.iter_rows(values_only=true):
            row_text = ''.join([str(v) for v in row])
            if row_text.find(keywords) != -1:
                is_in = true
                break

    wb.close()

    return is_in

读取pptx

安装库

pip install python-pptx

代码

from pptx import presentation


def read_ppt(ppt_file, keywords=''):
    prs = presentation(ppt_file)
    is_in = false
    for slide in prs.slides:
        for shape in slide.shapes:
            if shape.has_text_frame:
                text_frame = shape.text_frame
                for paragraph in text_frame.paragraphs:
                    for run in paragraph.runs:
                        if run.text.find(keywords) != -1:
                            is_in = true
                            break

    return is_in

文件夹递归

为了防止文件夹嵌套导致的问题，我们还有一个文件夹递归的操作。

代码

from pathlib import path


def list_files_recursive(directory):
    file_paths = []

    for path in path(directory).rglob('*'):
        if path.is_file():
            file_paths.append(str(path))

    return file_paths

完整代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from pptx import presentation
import chardet
from docx import document
import csv
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from pathlib import path


def detect_encoding(file_path):
    raw_data = none
    with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
        for line in f:
            raw_data = line
            break

        if raw_data is none:
            raw_data = f.read()
    result = chardet.detect(raw_data)
    return result['encoding']


def read_txt(file_path, keywords=''):
    is_in = false
    encoding = detect_encoding(file_path)
    with open(file_path, 'r', encoding=encoding) as f:
        for line in f:
            if line.find(keywords) != -1:
                is_in = true
                break

    return is_in


def read_docx(file_path, keywords=''):
    doc = document(file_path)
    is_in = false

    for para in doc.paragraphs:
        if para.text.find(keywords) != -1:
            is_in = true
            break

    return is_in


def read_csv(file_path, keywords=''):
    is_in = false

    encoding = detect_encoding(file_path)
    with open(file_path, mode='r', encoding=encoding) as f:
        reader = csv.reader(f)

        for row in reader:
            row_text = ''.join([str(v) for v in row])
            if row_text.find(keywords) != -1:
                is_in = true
                break

    return is_in


def read_xlsx(file_path, keywords=''):
    wb = load_workbook(file_path)
    sheet_names = wb.sheetnames

    is_in = false
    for sheet_name in sheet_names:
        sheet = wb[sheet_name]
        for row in sheet.iter_rows(values_only=true):
            row_text = ''.join([str(v) for v in row])
            if row_text.find(keywords) != -1:
                is_in = true
                break

    wb.close()

    return is_in


def read_ppt(ppt_file, keywords=''):
    prs = presentation(ppt_file)
    is_in = false
    for slide in prs.slides:
        for shape in slide.shapes:
            if shape.has_text_frame:
                text_frame = shape.text_frame
                for paragraph in text_frame.paragraphs:
                    for run in paragraph.runs:
                        if run.text.find(keywords) != -1:
                            is_in = true
                            break

    return is_in


def list_files_recursive(directory):
    file_paths = []

    for path in path(directory).rglob('*'):
        if path.is_file():
            file_paths.append(str(path))

    return file_paths


if __name__ == '__main__':
    keywords = '测试关键字'
    file_paths = list_files_recursive(r'测试文件夹')
    for file_path in file_paths:
        if file_path.endswith('.txt'):
            is_in = read_txt(file_path, keywords)
        elif file_path.endswith('.docx'):
            is_in = read_docx(file_path, keywords)
        elif file_path.endswith('.csv'):
            is_in = read_csv(file_path, keywords)
        elif file_path.endswith('.xlsx'):
            is_in = read_xlsx(file_path, keywords)
        elif file_path.endswith('.pptx'):
            is_in = read_ppt(file_path, keywords)

        if is_in:
            print(file_path)