镜像源更换
刚安装ubuntu系统时,发现很多命令都无法使用,查询之后,发现是ubuntu系统默认的官方源位于国外,用户访问延时高,因此一般要更换国内的镜像源。
清华源:https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
1.备份当前的源列表:
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources.backup
2.查看当前操作系统版本:
lsb_release -a
3.编辑镜像源配置文件
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
4.替换为清华大学镜像源(deb822 格式),注释对应的noble noble-updates noble-backports
段落
types: deb uris: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports components: main restricted universe multiverse signed-by: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
5.保存并退出编辑器
- 按
ctrl + o
保存文件 - 按
ctrl + x
退出nano
编辑器
6.更新
sudo apt update
提供ssh连接信息
1.查看服务器的 ip 地址:172.30.114.33
ip addr show
jessie@jessie:~$ ip a 1: lo: <loopback,up,lower_up> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state unknown group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: enp0s31f6: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state up group default qlen 1000 link/ether 20:88:10:93:70:bf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.30.114.33/24 brd 172.30.114.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s31f6 valid_lft 2629sec preferred_lft 2629sec inet6 2001:250:3c00:3840:13b9:8c0a:55d5:c228/64 scope global temporary dynamic valid_lft 3348sec preferred_lft 3348sec inet6 2001:250:3c00:3840:2288:10ff:fe93:70bf/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr valid_lft 3348sec preferred_lft 3348sec inet6 fe80::2288:10ff:fe93:70bf/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: wlp2s0: <broadcast,multicast> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state down group default qlen 1000 link/ether 4c:82:a9:72:a1:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff jessie@jessie:~$
2.安装 openssh 服务
sudo apt install openssh-server
3.检查 openssh 服务状态
jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl status ssh ○ ssh.service - openbsd secure shell server loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; disabled; preset: enabled) active: inactive (dead) triggeredby: ● ssh.socket docs: man:sshd(8) man:sshd_config(5)
如果没有启动inactive (dead)
jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl start ssh
然后查看
jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl start ssh jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl status ssh ● ssh.service - openbsd secure shell server loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; disabled; preset: enabled) active: active (running) since thu 2025-07-17 15:53:36 cst; 10s ago triggeredby: ● ssh.socket docs: man:sshd(8) man:sshd_config(5) process: 31524 execstartpre=/usr/sbin/sshd -t (code=exited, status=0/success) main pid: 31525 (sshd) tasks: 1 (limit: 18579) memory: 1.2m (peak: 1.7m) cpu: 31ms cgroup: /system.slice/ssh.service └─31525 "sshd: /usr/sbin/sshd -d [listener] 0 of 10-100 startups" 7月 17 15:53:36 jessie systemd[1]: starting ssh.service - openbsd secure shell server... 7月 17 15:53:36 jessie sshd[31525]: server listening on :: port 22. 7月 17 15:53:36 jessie systemd[1]: started ssh.service - openbsd secure shell server.
4.设置 openssh 服务开机自启
jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl enable ssh synchronizing state of ssh.service with sysv service script with /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install. executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable ssh created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sshd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service. created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ssh.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service.
5.检查防火墙设置(如有)
sudo ufw allow ssh sudo ufw status
6.确认 ssh 配置文件
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config #port 22 默认端口是 22
7.查看当前系统的用户名
whoami
8.下载finalshell连接
ssh jessie@172.30.114.33 port=22
总结
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持代码网。
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