Nginx(自定义/预定义)变量,alias虚拟目录解读

set $变量名 变量值

//查看已经安装的nginx的版本
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.24.0

//上传或者下载一个相同版本的nginx包
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
//下载echo模块的安装包
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://github.com/openresty/echo-nginx-module/archive/refs/tags/v0.63.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz  v0.63.tar.gz
//解压到相同路径下：
[root@localhost ~]# tar xzvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz -c /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# tar xzvf v0.63.tar.gz -c /usr/local/
//安装编译工具
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# yum -y install pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++   zlib zlib-devel gd-devel

//添加模块：
[root@localhost local]# cd nginx-1.24.0/

//添加上原来已经有的参数和新添加的模块:
[root@localhost nginx-1.24.0]# ./configure  --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-cc-opt='-o2 -g -pipe -wall -wp,-d_fortify_source=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fpic' --with-ld-opt='-wl,-z,relro -wl,-z,now -pie' --add-module=/usr/local/echo-nginx-module-0.63

//编译，千万不要make install 否则会覆盖原来的文件
[root@localhost nginx-1.24.0]# make
//将原来的nignx二进制文件备份
[root@localhost nginx-1.24.0]# mv /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx_bak 
//拷贝替换新的nignx二进制文件
[root@localhost nginx-1.24.0]# cp objs/nginx /usr/sbin/  
[root@localhost nginx-1.24.0]# systemctl restart nginx    //重启nginx
//查看模块是否添加成功
[root@localhost nginx-1.24.0]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.24.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (red hat 4.8.5-44) (gcc) 
built with openssl 1.0.2k-fips  26 jan 2017
tls sni support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-cc-opt='-o2 -g -pipe -wall -wp,-d_fortify_source=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fpic' --with-ld-opt='-wl,-z,relro -wl,-z,now -pie' --add-module=/usr/local/echo-nginx-module-0.63

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim echo.conf
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name     localhost;
        location /test {
                set $foo hello;
                echo "foo: $foo";
        }
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx
//访问测试
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl  http://localhost/test
foo: hello

server {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;

        location /test {
                root /var/www/html;
                index index.html;
        }
        location /qfedu {
                alias /var/www/nginx; 
        #访问http://x.x.x.x/qfedu时实际上访问是/var/www/nginx/index.html
                index index.html;
        }
}

//创建location匹配的目录和文件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/test
[root@localhost ~]# echo "location /test" >> /var/www/html/test/index.html

//创建alias匹配的目录和文件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/www/nginx
[root@localhost ~]# echo "alias /qfedu" >> /var/www/nginx/index.html

[root@localhost ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx