我要评论一、http/https 通信
1. 客户端示例（requests 库）
import requests
# http get
response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(response.text)
# https post
response = requests.post(
'https://httpbin.org/post',
data={'key': 'value'},
verify=true # 验证 ssl 证书（默认）
)
print(response.json())
2. 服务端示例（flask）
from flask import flask, request
app = flask(__name__)
@app.route('/api', methods=['get', 'post'])
def handle_request():
if request.method == 'get':
return {'message': 'get received'}
elif request.method == 'post':
return {'data': request.json}
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(ssl_context='adhoc') # 启用 https
二、udp 通信
1. 服务端
import socket
server = socket.socket(socket.af_inet, socket.sock_dgram)
server.bind(('0.0.0.0', 9999))
while true:
data, addr = server.recvfrom(1024)
print(f"received from {addr}: {data.decode()}")
server.sendto(b'udp response', addr)
2. 客户端
import socket
client = socket.socket(socket.af_inet, socket.sock_dgram)
client.sendto(b'hello udp', ('localhost', 9999))
response, addr = client.recvfrom(1024)
print(f"received: {response.decode()}")
三、websocket 通信
需要安装库：pip install websockets
1. 服务端
import asyncio
import websockets
async def handler(websocket):
async for message in websocket:
print(f"received: {message}")
await websocket.send(f"echo: {message}")
async def main():
async with websockets.serve(handler, "localhost", 8765):
await asyncio.future() # 永久运行
asyncio.run(main())
2. 客户端
import asyncio
import websockets
async def client():
async with websockets.connect("ws://localhost:8765") as ws:
await ws.send("hello websocket!")
response = await ws.recv()
print(f"received: {response}")
asyncio.run(client())
四、server-sent events (sse)
需要安装库：pip install sseclient-py
1. 服务端（flask 实现）
from flask import flask, response
app = flask(__name__)
@app.route('/stream')
def stream():
def event_stream():
for i in range(5):
yield f"data: message {i}\n\n"
return response(event_stream(), mimetype="text/event-stream")
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
2. 客户端
import requests
from sseclient import sseclient
url = 'http://localhost:5000/stream'
response = requests.get(url, stream=true)
client = sseclient(response)
for event in client.events():
print(f"received event: {event.data}")
关键点说明
- http/https：最常用的请求-响应模型
- udp：无连接协议，适合实时性要求高的场景
- websocket：全双工通信协议，适合实时双向通信
- sse：服务器到客户端的单向推送技术
- 安全建议：
- https 使用 requests 的
verify=true验证证书 - websocket 使用
wss://安全协议 - 生产环境应使用正式 ssl 证书
- https 使用 requests 的
根据具体需求选择协议：
- 简单数据请求：http/https
- 实时游戏/视频：udp
- 聊天应用：websocket
- 实时通知：sse
建议根据实际场景配合使用异步框架（如 aiohttp、fastapi）以获得更好的性能。
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